bellringer – march 3, 2014
DESCRIPTION
Bellringer – March 3, 2014. 1) Draw the following leaf and fill in the blanks for the 5 arrows. . 2) In what organelle does photosynthesis take place? 3) Try and write the FULL equation for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air. AQUAPONICS. Plants are energy producers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bellringer – March 3, 20141) Draw the following leaf and fill in the blanks
for the 5 arrows.
2) In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
3) Try and write the FULL equation for photosynthesis
Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air
AQUAPONICS
Plants are energy producers• Like animals, plants need energy to live• Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat
food to make that energy• Plants make both food & energy– animals are consumers– plants are producers
The Process That Feeds the Biosphere
Photosynthesisthe process that converts solar
energy into chemical energyWho or What?
Plants and other autotrophsThey are producers of the
biosphere
2 Types of Autotrophs1.Chemoautotrophs– Use chemosynthesis to make
“food” 2. Photoautotrophs– Use photosynthesis to make
“food”
Plants, some bacteria and algae are photoautotrophs Use energy of sun to make organic molecules
from H2O and CO2
Some worms and bacteria are chemoautotrophs Use energy from chemicals to make organic
molecules
Photosynthesis Occurs in plants, algae, certain other
protists, some prokaryotesThese organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxideand (in most cases) water. They feed not onlythemselves, but the entire living world. (a) Onland, plants are the predominant producers offood. In aquatic environments, photosyntheticorganisms include (b) multicellularalgae, suchas this kelp; (c) some unicellular protists, suchas Euglena; (d) the prokaryotes clledcyanobacteria; and (e) other photosyntheticprokaryotes, such as these purple sulfurbacteria, which produce sulfur (sphericalglobules) (c, d, e: LMs).
(a) Plants
(b) Multicellular algae
(c) Unicellular protist10 m
40 m(d) Cyanobacteria
1.5 m(e) Pruple sulfur
bacteria
Figure 10.2
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Heterotrophs
Obtain their organic material from other organisms
They are consumers of the biosphere
Using light & air to grow plants
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2sunenergy
+ ++
glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
sunenergy+ water +
(ATP)
• Photosynthesis– using sun energy to make ATP– using carbon dioxide & water to make sugar– Takes place in chloroplast– allows plants to grows– makes a waste product
• oxygen
Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants
The leaves of plants-THEY’RE GREEN!! major sites of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts Organelle where photosynthesis
occurs Stroma
Dense fluid within chloroplast Dark reaction occurs here
Thylakoids Membranous sac (or “coin”) in stroma Inside space called thylakoid space Light reactions occur here
Grana (granum = singular) Stack of thylakoids (“coins”)
The Equation for Photosynthesis Photosynthesis converts light energy
to the chemical energy of food Photosynthesis is summarized by this
Overall chemical equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The Nature of Sunlight Light
a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves and particles (called photons)
Wavelength distance between crests of waves
Determines type of electromagnetic energy (wavelength & energy are inversely proportionate)
The electromagnetic spectrum The entire range of
electromagnetic energy, or radiation
Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared
Micro-waves
Radiowaves
10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m
106 nm 103 m
380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm
Visible light
Shorter wavelengthHigher energy
Longer wavelengthLower energy
Color we SEE = color most reflected by pigment; other colors (wavelengths) are absorbedBLACK all colors are reflected
Light
ReflectedLight
Chloroplast
Absorbedlight
Granum
Transmittedlight
How do the light reactions capture solar energy?
Photosynthetic Pigments molecules that absorb visible light different pigments absorb different
wavelengths of light Many different pigments used in
light reactions of photosynthesis
Primary vs. Accessory Pigments
Primary PigmentChlorophyll a (most abundant)
Accessory (Antennae) Pigments
Chlorophyll bAnthocyaninsXanthophyllsCartenoids
Photosynthetic pigments• Primary pigment = chlorophyll a – takes direct part in light reactions
• Accessory pigments• protect chlorophyll a from UV light
damage• absorb light at wavelengths that are not
absorbed by chlorophyll a• Funnel e-s to chlorophyll a help
broaden the absorption spectrum for photosynthesis (act as “antennae”)
The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview
• The Light reactions•NEEDS LIGHT•Light Dependent Reactions
• The Calvin cycle•A.k.a- Dark Reactions or Light Independent Reactions •DOES NOT NEED LIGHT
The Light Reactions
Occur in the grana (& thylakoids)
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy Splits water release O2 (a by-product) produce ATP (chemical energy)
The Calvin Cycle
Occurs in the stromaForms SUGAR from carbon dioxideCarbon fixation occurs (CO2
fixed carbon) Uses ATP for energy and NADPH
for reducing power
An overview of photosynthesis
H2O CO2
Light
LIGHT REACTIONS
CALVINCYCLE
Chloroplast[CH2O](sugar)
NADPH
NADP
ADP+ P
O2
ATP
Photosynthesis
This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story…
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2lightenergy
+ ++
Exit Slip-March 4, 2014Plant Identification:
AB
D
E
Word bank:Sage, geranium, curly kale, swiss chard, basil
C