Bellringer• On the map,

label:–Britain–Spain–Italy–Greece

–Russia–Asia Minor–Mediterranean –Black Sea

Agenda

1. Byzantine GRAPES

ObjectivesStudents will be able to…

51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire.

52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

The Byzantine Empire

Objective #51

G

• Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire• Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt,

Palestine• Capital: Constantinople

Location is Everything

• Why Constantinople?–Rule #3–Far from the Germans–Natural defenses

Maps!

Asia Minor

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Spain (Iberia)

ItalyGreece

Arabia

Canaan/ Judea

Egypt

Caspian Sea

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

R• Christianity, of course• Schism–Pope and patriarch–Icons–Language–Marriage and celibacy

• Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox

(Objective #52)

A

• Preserved Greco-Roman culture–Germans were illiterate

• Art –Especially icons and mosaics

Byzantine Art• Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle

Eastern styles• Emphasized two themes–The glory of the emperor and

empire–The Church

• Use lots of bright colors!

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Other Achievements

(write them now, explained in a moment)• Constantinople–Hagia Sophia

• Justinian Code• Surviving for 1000 years

P

• Empire • Monarchy• Theocracy?

• Famous ruler: Justinian

Justinian• Restores the glory of

Rome–Rebuilds Constantinople–Re-conquers Roman

territory–Reforms the empire

Rebuilding Constantinople

• Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

Rebuilding Constantinople

• Justinian: modernizes the city–Hospitals–Schools–Palaces–Aqueducts–Law courts–Public baths–Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

Rebuilding Constantinople

• Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

Re-conquer

Reforms

• Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church• Reforms and strengthens the

bureaucracy and tax collection

Most Important Reform

• Justinian Code–Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies

5,000 Roman laws–Explains how to use and interpret

all the laws–Standard of law in continental

Europe to this day

E

• Trade• Trade• Center of trade• Lots of trade• Trade

E

• Did I mention trade?

• Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

S

• The usual–Except! Women had more rights

and freedom–Empress Theodora

Byzantines and Russia

Objective #53

Russians

• Slavs + Vikings = Russians• Rest stops on trade network

(/invasion routes) become cities–Connect Baltic and Black Seas

Conversion

• Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity• Prince Vladimir converts everyone in

Kiev in 989–Hagia Sophia!

Language

• New alphabet: Cyrillic –Invented by Saint Cyril–Slavs had language, but not written

Influence

• Religion• Language • Art• Church design

CULTURAL

DIFFUSIO

N

Bye Bye, Byzantium

Overexpansion

• Just like the Romans!–Bankrupts the empire–New neighbors are enemies–Too large to control

• Learn the lessons of history!

Many Enemies

• In the West–Many Germanic

tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire

• In the East–Persians and

then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

AD 550

AD 1050

Schism

• Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines–Fewer friends in the West if they

need to call for help–No hope of reuniting Roman lands–Crusaders hurt Constantinople

AD 1350

More Enemies

• Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13th and 14th centuries• Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer

Constantinople in 1453

Know This Date!

Constantinople falls: 1453