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Bellringer February 9, 20121

February 9, 2012

Chapter 12, Section 3:The Mongols in China

Today we are learning how the Mongols created the world’s

largest land empire.

Objective

The Mongols*Mongols lived north

of China in Mongolia

*Tribes raised sheep, cattle, goats, and horses

The Mongols*Steppes – wide

rolling grassy plains

*Known for: Ability to ride horsesAbility to wage war

Genghis Khan *Temujin –

“blacksmith”

*1206 – Mongol leaders meet in the Gobi desert and elect Temujin; aka: Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan *Genghis Khan –

“strong ruler”

Achievements:*Brought together

Mongol laws*Set up a group of

tribal chiefs to help w/ military campaigns.

Genghis Khan Army – more than

100k soldiers*Job specialization:

placed into well trained groups

*Officers chosen on a merit system

*Empire building – began with other people on the steppes.

Genghis Khan *1211- invaded

China

*Terror – violent actions meant to scare people into surrendering

*Mongols become known for violence & terror which lead to surrendering.

The Mongol Empire *1227- Genghis Khan

dies.*Empire divided

among 4 sons

1258 – Baghdad falls under Mongol control

1260- stopped from advancing past Egypt by Muslims.

The Mongol Empire *Peace = trade.*Mongols taxed

products entering trade routes that lay in their territory. (Silk Rd.)

*Adopted beliefs and customs of those they conquered. (shows respect)*Accepted Islam

The Mongol Empire Chinese taught

them:

*Gunpowder – used as an explosive

*Fire lance - used gunpowder

Made them even scarier!!!

Mongol Rule in China*Kublai Khan – Genghis’

grandson

*1264 – capital moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq

*Khanbaliq = present day Beijing

*1271 – Khan decided to be emperor of China

Mongol Rule in China*Within 10 yrs,

Mongols conquered China – no more Song dynasty.

*Kublai Khan started the Yuan dynasty “beginning”*Showed the

Mongols wanted to rule China for a long time!

*Lasted 100 years

Mongol Rule in China*Kublai ruled for 30

years.

*Knew to keep Chinese scholar-officials in charge of the gov.

• Khanbaliq – became known for its wide streets, beautiful palaces, and fine homes!

Differences: *Language*Laws*Customs*Mongol rulers did

not mix w/ Chinese people

*Buddhist*Tolerant of other

religions*Kublai Khan

invited Christians, Muslims, and Hindus to practice their faiths in China

Mongol Rule in ChinaSimilarities:

Mongol Rule in China*European travelerCame from Venice,

Italy

*Kublai Khan loved his stories & sent him on fact-finding trips. (For 16 Years!!!)

*Polo returned to Europe & wrote books.

Trade & Conquest Imports-

*silver,*spices, *carpets, *cotton

Exports – *tea, *silk, *porcelain

Trade & Conquest *Mongols conquered

Vietnam and N. Korea

*Koreans forced to build warships*Koryo = the

leaders in Korea

*Used to invade Japan