Bellwork 12-2

Describe the events that led to the rise of Islam (4 that we discussed yesterday beginning with the birth of the prophet)

The Spread of islamChapter 11, Section 2

Objectives

How did the Muslims expand their Empire?

Why did the Islamic community divide?

After the death of Muhammad, the Islamic world greatly expanded, but soon split into two

factions.

Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar

1.Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s successor in A.D. 632.

2.Given the title of caliph or “successor of the Prophet.”

3.Unifies and expands Islam.

Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar

4.Umar succeeds Abu Bakr as caliph in 634.

5.Conquers neighboring non-Muslim lands like Persia and North Africa.

Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar

6.Tolerant of other religions- "People of the Book"- Jews and Christians.

7.Eventually Muslims even conquer Spain in 711.

Islam DividesSunni and Shi’ah

Power of Caliphs

"Commander of the Faithful"

means "successor" or "representative"

job to enforce Islamic Law

Uthman murdered!

1st: Umar’s (2nd Caliph to Abu Bakr) follower (successor) named Uthman was murdered because he was thought to favor his own clan (tribe).

2nd: Ali was chosen to succeed Uthman as caliph

3rd: Uthman’s relative Mu’awiyah protested saying he should be caliph.

4th: War broke out between the two groups.

5th: Ali was murdered and Mu’awiyah ruled.

Sunni muslims

Believe that Muhammad's Father-in-law Abu Bakr was chosen by the community and that this was the proper procedure.

Caliph may be ideally chosen by election or community decision.

Shi’a(h) muslims

Shi'a Muslims disagree.

They believe that Muhammad had given many indications that he considered ˤAlī, his cousin and son-in-law, as his chosen successor, regardless of democracy. ˤ

Alī and his descendants are believed to have been the only proper Muslim leaders.

Divided

1.Disagreements over who should be caliph.

2.Sunni Muslims believed that agreement among people should settle religious and worldly matters.

Divided

3.Shi’ah Muslims believed that the imams or religious teachers should settle all matters.

4.Sufi Muslims were mystics who tried to live simple lives centered on Allah.

5.Rabi'ah al- Adawiyah was a famous female Sufi mystic.3.Shi’ah Muslims believed that the imams or religious teachers should settle all matters.

4.Sufi Muslims were mystics who tried to live simple lives centered on Allah.

5.Rabi'ah al- Adawiyah was a famous female Sufi mystic.

Divided

6.Split caused much violence and death.

Think Don’t Write

What are the similarities and differences between the Sunni and the Shi’ah?

Both follow teachings of Muhammad, but Both follow teachings of Muhammad, but disagree about who should be caliphsdisagree about who should be caliphs

The Empire Continues to Spread

The Empire Continues to Spread

1.Tariq leads an army of North African Muslims called Berbers into Spain in 711.

2.Muslims who made Spain their home were called Moors.

3.Moors remain in Spain until 1492.

4.Battle of Tours in 732- Franks defeat the Moors in France. Stops spread of Islam in Europe.

Empire Continues to Spread

5.The Turks and Islam- Asian tribe moves south and west and convert to Islam by 900.

6.Many settle in the city of Baghdad in modern Iraq.

7.Authority shifts from caliphs to rulers called sultans.

Empire Continues to Spread

8.Turks expand into Syria, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor.

9.Expand east to India.

10.Eventually come into conflict with Christian crusaders from Europe and Mongols form the east.