ben block presentation to usaid
TRANSCRIPT
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
1/23
Fulbright Fellow Presentation onREDD Consultation in Per
Ben BlockFulbright Fellow, [email protected]
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Amazon Development and
Consultation
Bagua
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Amazon Development and
Consultation Plans for 2010-2021 include880km of new roads and 26hydropower plants. Some10m ha is now titled formining
Decree 1090 (forest andwildlife law) removedprotected status from 45million ha of forest
Decree 1064 allowedcompanies to change zoningpermits of concessionswithout local approval
Source: Dourojeanni, M AmazonaPeruana en 2021 (2009)
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Ley de Consulta
Ley del Derecho a la Consulta Previa a LosPueblos Indgenas u Originarios Reconocidoen el Convenio No 169 de la OrganizacinInternacional del Trabajo
May 2010 Congress passes law
June 2010 President Garcia issues veto
"The law approved by Congress goes beyond the [UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] because itdoesn't just include tribal communities in the Amazon but alsopeasant communities... If you want to build a road or gaspipeline and the locals say 'no,' then there is no road orelectricity." - Alan Garcia Source: The Guardian
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and ForestDegradation (REDD) in Peru $3.6m Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
$50m (projected) Forest Investment Program $1.9m Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation
$6.9m KfW
$4m NORAD
$20m (budgeted) USAIDSource: Peru RPP to FCPF
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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REDD in Peru
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Sub-nested Approach
Regional Mesa REDDs in San Martin,Madre de Dios, Cusco, Piura, Loreto,Ucayali
At least 5 readiness activities At least 12 demonstration activities
Source: Peru RPP to FCPF
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Consultation on REDD Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term
Cooperative Action requests developing countryParties to ensure the full and effectiveparticipation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia
indigenous peoples and local communities
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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National REDD Consultation Plan
Comisin Nacional de Cambio Climatico'sGrupo Tecnico REDD extends officialinvitation to Grupo REDD
Grupo REDD: Formed in 2008, includes 70public and private institutions
"The R-PP contains evidence that a reasonably broad rangeof key stakeholders has been identified, voices of vulnerable
groups are beginning to be heard, and that a reasonableamount of time and effort has been invested to raise generalawareness of the basic concepts and process of REDD-plus"-FCPF
Source: FCPF TAP
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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MINAM
Organizaciones Nacionales
AIDESEP - CONAP
Organizaciones Regionales
Federaciones de Base (*)
Comunidades Nativas
(*) En el caso que las federaciones que no se encuentren afiliadas aninguna organizacin regional o nacional, el MINAM realizar lascomunicaciones directamente Source: Peru
RPP to FCPF
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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National REDD Consultation Plan
REDD projects must comply with ILO Convention169 requirements of free, prior, and informedconsent for projects on titled land
Developers ought to consider if consultation is
necessary if untitled communities are involved The three processes (forestry law, REDD and environmental
services) do not mainstream the full validity of ILOConvention 169 as well as the UN Declaration on the rights of
indigenous peoples...REDD policies and contracts as well donot contain effective guarantees for the mentioned indigenousrights. Are we indigenous peoples 'less relevant' thanbiodiversity or decentralization that are in fact mentioned?- Asociacin Intertnica de Desarollo de la Selva Peruana
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Case Study: Ley Forestal
Law-making Phase (August 2009): Meetings inPucallpa, Tarapoto, Iquitos, Ica, Cajamarca,Chiclayo, Jan, La Merced, Huancayo, PuertoMaldonado, Arequipa, Junin, Chacapoyas, Lima.
Overall, about 1,000 attendants First Consultation Phase (August 2010): Meetings in
Puerto Maldonado, Pucallpa, Iquitos, Chiclayo,Moyobamba, Lima
Second Consultation Phase (January 2011): Metingsin Iquitos, Satipo, Pucallpa, Tarapoto, Piura,Moyobamba, Cusco, Lima
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Regional FocusMadre de Dios
40% of miningconcessions overlapwith other concessions
300 migrants per day forinformal mining industry
370,000 hadeforestation due to
mining
Source: Ministry of Environment
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REDD in Madre de Dios
7 early development projects
5 feasibility/ origination projectsSource: Hajek(et al)EnvironmentalScience andPolicy
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Mesa sobre Servicios Ambientales
Regional Government of Madre de Dios formedComisin Tcnica del Cambio Climtico in March2009
First informal meeting of Mesa REDD, May 2009
Mesa REDD created formally, December 2009
Name changed to Mesa sobre Servicios Ambientalesy REDD+ (MSAR), November 2010
It is a space for dialogue between different public and privateorganizations concerned with issues of environmental services inthe region of Madre de Dios, based on the free participation,goodwill and commitment of its members
Source: Reglas Procedimientos Mesa SSAA MDD
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Regional Readiness Efforts
Madre de Dios 395 Tg (million metric tons)
carbons stored across 4.3million ha
Range: 65-80 Mg C ha inforests at the base of Andeson Cretaceous surfaces to85-100 MgC ha in older
tertiary substrates to 110-125Mg C ha in more fertile, flatHolocene alluvial surfaces
Source: Asner, et al PNAS
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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Regional Readiness Efforts
Madre de DiosCarbon Decisionsdeforestationprojection study,
March 2010 $50/ha/yr
opportunity cost
results in 2%annualdeforestation rate
2006 2015
2030 2040
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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MAT Corridor REDD Project
Asociacin para la Conservacin de la CuencaAmaznica (ACCA) project
Objective: Conserve 400,000 ha of private forestbetween Manu National Park, Los Amigos Conservation
Concession, Tambopata National Reserve 484 private property owners, 240 reforestation
concessions, 9 forestry concessions, 2 indigenouscommunities, 7 ecotourism concessions, several BrazilNut harvesters
122.8m tons CO2 stored
147,308 ha estimated forest loss (37%) by 2015
800 species identified Source: ACCA
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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MAT Corridor REDD ProjectFulbright Fellow Communications Study,
November 2010
Analysis of ACCA survey of74 potential MAT project
participants and 21attendants of ACCAworkshop
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8/7/2019 Ben Block Presentation to USAID
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MAT Corridor REDD Project
Fulbright Fellow Communications Study In response to What do you
understand aboutenvironmental services? 80%(71/89) said they do not
understand
In response to What do youunderstand about carboncapture? 79% (70/89) said that
they do not understand Understanding improved only
slightly after the workshop. Inresponse to questions asking fortheir level of understanding of
environmental services and
Do you understand payment forecosystem services?
Yes No
Do you understand carbon capture?
Yes N o
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Case Study: Bosques AmazonicosCastaero REDD Project
Private company Bosques Amazonicos organizing 400Brazil Nut collectors into associations
Federacin Departamental de Productores de Castaa
de Madre de Dios (FEPROCAMD) receives carbonrgiths from castaeros; FEPROCAMD transfers allcarbon rights to Bosques Amazonicos
BAM invests $1 million into new Brazil Nut processing
plant, legal and technical support Castaeros adopt forest management plan, commit to
30 years of cooperationSource: BAM
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Case Study: Bosques Amazonicos
Castaero REDD Project Brazil Nut co-operative
divides profits 70/30among castaeros andBAM
Carbon market salesdivided 30/70 amongcastaeros and BAM
They know they are going toget some money at somepoint. They don't know when.
They don't know how.
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Observations
Participation Uncertainty
Marginalized Progress
Costly Consultation Ambiguous Promises