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Benchmarking Water Loss Performance:
The Death of Unaccounted For Water
Presented by:
Tory N. Wagoner, P.E./P.L.S.
Director of Operations, [email protected]
M36: Water Audits and Loss Control Programs:AWWA Water Loss Control Committee
1991 1999 2009 2016
Quiz
According to the AWWA, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is:
A.15%B. 10%C. 5%D.0%
AuthorizedConsumption
WaterLosses
RealLosses
ApparentLosses
UnbilledAuthorized
Consumption
BilledAuthorized
Consumption
Non-Revenue
Water
RevenueWater
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage on Mains
Systematic Data Handling Errors
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Unauthorized Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
WaterImported
OwnSources
TotalSystemInput
( allowfor
knownerrors )
WaterExported
WaterSupplied
Physical loss - leakage
Cost impacts at ‘wholesale’ rate
Tools for control include leakage and
pressure management
Non-physical / revenue loss - slow meters,
billing issues and theft
Cost impacts at ‘retail’ rate.
Tools for control include data management,
quality control policies/practices, & meter
testing & repair
Fire Dept Usage
Operational Flushing
Tools for control include efficient flushing
practices and awareness campaigns
IWA/AWWA Water Balance
2003
Inconsistent use and
interpretation
Unreliable indicator of
performance
Fails to segregate loss into
its components for effective
management
Unaccounted
For Water
Unaccounted
For Water
Percentage
Water Loss or
NRW as % of
Supply
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
MG
DWater Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance
Water Supplied (MGD)
Authorized Consumption (MGD)
Water Loss (MGD)
Major Industry
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
MG
DWater Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance
Water Supplied (MGD) Authorized Consumption (MGD)Water Loss (MGD) Water Loss (Percent of Supply)
Major Industry
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
MG
DWater Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance
Water Supplied (MGD)
Authorized Consumption (MGD)
Water Loss (MGD)
Development BoomGreat Recession,
Rate Increases,
Conservation
New Normal
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
MG
DWater Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance
Water Supplied (MGD)
Authorized Consumption (MGD)
Water Loss (MGD)
Water Loss (Percent of Supply)
Unaccounted
For Water
Unaccounted
For Water
Percentage
Water Loss or
NRW as
Percentage of
Supply
Quiz
According to the AWWA, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is:
A.15%B. 10%C. 5%D.0%
According to the AWWA, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is:
A.15%B. 10%C. 5%D.0%
Quiz
3-V
Validity
Value
Volume
MG per Year
Gal/connection/day
Leakage Index
$ per Year
Economic Loss Index
Water Audit Data Validity Score
95% Confidence Limits
Key Data Input Grades
Volume Value
Real Loss
Apparent Loss
Unbilled Consumption
NRW Components - By Volume (MG) - Level 2
Real Loss
Apparent Loss
Unbilled Consumption
NRW Components - By ValueLevel 2
Volume Value
Unbilled Unmetered
Unbilled Metered
Meter Inaccuracy
Theft
Data Handling
Unreported Leakage
Background Leakage
Reported Leakage
Real Loss Apparent Loss UnbilledConsumption
NRW Components - By Volume (MG)
Level 3
Unbilled Unmetered
Unbilled Metered
Meter Inaccuracy
Theft
Data Handling
Unreported Leakage
Background Leakage
Reported Leakage
Real Loss Apparent Loss UnbilledConsumption
NRW Components - By ValueLevel 3
Volume Value
Current8.2 BG
Economically Optimized
3.6 BG
NRW Volume (BG/year)
Current$7.3M
Economically Optimized
$2.3M
NRW Value ($/year)
$5 M4.6 BG
Volume Value
Current8.2 BG
Economically Optimized
3.6 BG
NRW Volume (BG/year)
Current(WATER)$7.3M
Economically Optimized
(WATER)$2.3M
NRW Value ($/year)
4.6 BG
$8.5 M
(SEWER)$4.5M
(SEWER)$1.1M
$11.6
M
$3.4
M
Where is Optimum?
Value of recoverable NRW (case for action)
Areas of focus for NRW recovery (component analysis)
Water Audit Data Validity Score: 74 out of 100
(Validated)
Economic Metrics Volume
95%
Confidence
Limits (+/-)
Value -
Water Only
Value -
With Sewer
95%
Confidence
Limits (+/-)
Non-Revenue Water 24,744 gal/conn/yr 14.2% 22$ 35$ $/conn/yr 16.6%
Non-Revenue Water 8,235 MG/yr 14.1% 7,166,110$ 11,568,137$ $/yr 16.6%
Target NRW Recovery (prel) 4,037 MG/yr 25.0% 4,707,445$ 7,985,285$ $/yr 25.0%
NRW Economic Index
(ratio of current vs optimum NRW cost) 2.9 3.2
Benchmarking Water Loss Performance:
The Death of Unaccounted For Water
Presented by:
Tory N. Wagoner, P.E./P.L.S.
Director of Operations, [email protected]