A Bio-fertilizer is a substances which contains living microorganisms which, when

applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of

the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply of primary nutrients to the

host plant. The Advantages of Bio-Fertilizers are:

It add nutrient through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorous and stimulating plant growth through substances.

The microorganisms in bio-fertilizers restores the soil’s natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter.

Bio-fertilizers provide eco friendly organic agro-input and are more cost-effective than chemical fertilizers.

Bio-fertilizers can be expected to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

ǺCompost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.

ǺComposting organisms require four equally important ingredients i.e. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and water to work effectively.

ǺThe most efficient composting occurs with a carbon: nitrogen mix of about 30 to 1.

ǺThe composting process is dependent on micro organisms for breakdown of organic matter into compost.

Vermicomposting is the product or process of composting through the utilization of

various species of worms mainly earthworm. Vermicast is the end product of the

breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. It is also known as worm castings,

worm humus or worm manure.

Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It can be produced from raw material such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste and food waste.

It is a renewable energy source.

Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria which digest material inside a closed system or fermentation of biodegradable materials.

Compounds Percentage

1.Methane 50-75

2.Carbon Dioxide 25-50

3.Nitrogen 0-10

4.Hydrogen 0-1

5.Hydrogen Sulphide 0-3

6.Oxygen 0

The biogas is used for generating electricity.

It can be used for any heating purpose such as cooking.

It can also help to reduce global climate change.

If compressed, it can replace compressed natural gas for use in

vehicle.