bengali grammar-exam. preparation

8/19/2019 Bengali Grammar-Exam. Preparation

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j¨v@iY jvsov j¨v@i‡Yi Mw_bvn

hvdv

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wjaix_ `á

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jvmvm

n‡fvWvwi_ `á

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avwihvwd@ `á

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nwÔ

nfvn

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j vsov nvwb‡_¨i nswõÕ Mw_bvn

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nvwbw_¨@‡gi nvwb_¨@f©

aØ j_© @, ]m@

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jvsov j¨v@i‡Yi nswõÕ Mw_bvn 7;| wDªöa~ j© nÕf `_‡@ avwYwm aØUf j¨@iY iWmv @‡im

ns¯‥… _ hvdvq cvi mvf w[o ÝKñv k¨vqxÑ|7=| aØUf jvsov j¨@iY iWmv @‡im f¨vmy ‡qo g¨ Kvnny ¤ÿnu vL

;61< nv‡o a_z © wN] hvdvq|71| aØUf jvsov j¨@iY aØ @vw`_ bq ;6<1 nv‡o, a_z © Nx]

hvdvq, ‡ivfvm bi‡l| 7<| nj© aØUf a_zN© x] hvdvq iwW_ jvsov j¨v@i‡Yi mvf

Xeakmedkrie jn ilienk Mjbfkddk, j

pertuzujz livilile jn luks pkrtjs.

7:| Ms‡i]x‡_ aØUf jvsov j¨@iY iWmv @‡im m¨vUvwm‡qo jª vwn b¨vo‡bV ;663 nv‡o| _vi j¨@i‡Yi mvf K

Frknnkr eh tcj Mjbfkdi Dkbfukfj|

78| jv¾vox‡gi f‡k¨ aØUf jvsov j¨v@iY iWmv @‡im iv]v ivf‡fvbm ivq ;3=8 nv‡o Ms‡i]x hvdvq| _vi †oDv

j¨v@ i‡Yi mvf Mjbfkdi Frknnkr ib JbfdiscDkbfukfj|

76| jvsov hvdvq aØUf jvsov j¨v@iY iWmv @‡im iv]v ivf‡fvbm ivq ;311 nv‡o| _vi j¨v@i‡Yi mvf w[o†N․exq j¨v@iY|

73| V? fy b¤§g `bxgyoó vbi † oDv j¨v@i ‡ Yi mvf Üjv¾vov j¨v@iYÚ (;91:)|

79| V? ny mxw_@z fvi W‡Èvavk¨v‡qi †oDv j¨v@i‡Yi mvf Ýhvdv aØ @v` jv¾vov j¨v@iYÑ (;919)|

jvsov hvdvi nswõÕ Mw_bvn;. hvdvi f~ o Lavgvm- kųwm|=. hvdvi f~ o La@iY- jv@¨|

1. jvsov hvdv M‡‿gv - ML‡ivaxq hvdv †Nvüxi KūÎN© _|<. V. fy bv¤§g `bxgyoó vb Fi f ‡ _ jvsov hvdvi ]m¥ bq

†N․exq Kaês` †U‡@ 8:7 wDª öv‡á KU© vr nÕf `_váx‡_|

:. V. ny mxw_@z fvi W‡Èvavk¨vq Fi f‡_ jvsov hvdvi ]m¥ bq 9:7 wDª öv‡á KU© vr g`f `_‡@ fvNkx Kaês` †U‡@|

8. jvsov hvdvi hwNő n¤ÿ@© xq hvdv nf~ b bo Knwfqv IIweqv|

6. jvsov hvdvi Lℭ¢ j I wj@v` n¤ÿ‡@© V. ny mxw_ @z fvi W‡Èvavk¨vq F@wZ jM wo‡Dm cvi mvf ‑ –Erifib kbl

Ljvjdepnjbt eh Mjbfkdi Dkbfukfj.

3. n¨vi ]]© wNØ qvn© m- Fi f‡_ jvsov hvdvi LrawÀ - fvNkx aØ v@… _ †U‡@|

9. n¨vi ]]© wNØ qvn© ‡mi f_‡@ nfU© m wg‡q‡[m - V? ny mxw_@z fvi W‡Èvavk¨vq|

;7. jvsov hvdvi Kvmy fvwm@ jqn - aØ vq †ge bv]vi j[i|;;. j_© fv‡m a‒ wUjx‡_ hvdv aØ Wwo_ Kv‡[ - nv‡e w_m bv]v‡ii

†jw`|;=. j_© fv‡m a‒ wUjx‡_ jvsov hvdv j¨jbvi@vixi nsD¨v @_ -

aØ vq Wwjų` †@vwZ|;1. a‒ wUjx‡_ n@o hvdvi f‡k¨ jvsov hvdvi Kj vm - nÕf|;<. hvdvj¨jbvi@vix †ov@nsD¨vi wj‡jWmvq jvsov hvdvi

Kj vm - W_zU©|;:. Ehhiaikd dkbfukfj jv gvÕwi@ aw ihvdv wbnv‡j jvsov

hvdvi Kj vm - g`f|

jvsov hvdvi `á n¤¢ vi

_rnf (ns¯‥… _) `á

@) Y, d, ¸, H, t ? cy ± `á nf~ b _rnf (ns¯‥… _) `á|†cfmÛ ojY, j‒ ¸, gx¸v, w`¸v, Hwd, @Y© , W z M_¨vwg|

D) jvsov nv_ jv‡ii mvf I jv‡iv fv‡ni mvf _rnf/ns¯‥… _ `á| †cfmÛ `wm, iwj, †nvf, Kvdvp, ª vjY, hvgª M_¨vwg|

N) g` wg‡@i mvf _rnf `á| †cfmÛ LÀi, gw¸Y, a~ j© ,aw÷f, AdvY, jvqy, KwNő, •mièr, Jkų© , Kkt|

B) fbv@v` nsºvūÎn@o `á _rnf `á| †cfmÛ W‿gª, n~ c© , m¸Â, NØ b, LaNØ b, Lév, mxbvwi@v, k~ f‡@_z M_¨vwg|

E) wb‿gy kf© nsºvūÎn@o `á _rnf `á| †cfmÛ †gj, †gjx,

ivfvqY, fbvhvi_, a~ ]v M_¨vwg| W) ns¯‥… _ LanN© , ns¯‥… _ aØ _¨q Fjs wjnN© nwÔ nvwk_ n@o

`á _rnf `á| †cfmÛ wjdfxhjm, ny df, fvmj, cvgj,av×j M_¨vwg|

Kk© _rnf `á Kk© _rnf `ánf~ b f~ o `ánf~ b †U‡@ wj@… _ b‡j|†cfmÛ

@v‡q_ (@vq¯ ) aoó xi ay iè_ (ay ‡ivw b_) ny ièc (n~ c© )

†Vvjvi ai W※g‡ii (W※gª) †]v[mv (†]¨vrn‽ v) ivwÀ‡i (ivwÂ) wfwÀi(wfÂ) avevi †Ni (N‒ bv¯) jvwe‡_ †N‡om †@‡ñv (@… ý) Xv@z ‡ii cwË (cË) @i‡_| Kv] jwg¨ (•jg¨) Xv@z ‡ii †[iv‡Å (`ª v‡Ö) _vi f ‷Î i (f‷µ) aevi †mf‷µY‽ (wmf‷µY) w[o| w@ū‧ wjwñi (j‒ wñ) @vi ‡Y Kv] †Niv‡fi (NØ vf) w[wi ( ª x) @z w[_ (@zrwn_) b‡q †N‡[| Wvwiwg‡@ @vgvq av ae‡_ †Bm‽ vq (B‒Yv) _vi N_i (NvÂ) Lwà‡q Kvn‡_ ovNo| @v] †`d @‡i w_wm †D‡_ jn‡om| w@ū‧ Dvjv‡ i †nvqvg (¯Rvg) F_M wjw[wi (wj ª x) †c _vi wawÀ (waÀ) ]¡ ‡o cvw[o| DvjviZv Lw[ñ (Lrn‒ ñ) f‡m b‡_ ovNo| _vi

aivY (aØ vY) cvq Kj v Kj‡`‡d c_‡mi (c‡_‽ i) nv‡U n·o(n@o) †@ †am‽ vf (aØYvf) ]vwm‡q W‡o †N‡om|



1

_ ¢ j `á f‡m ivD‡_ b‡j?- Du vwZ jvsov `á bo _ℭ¢j `á| †g`x `á Du vwZ jvsov `á mq| ‡cfm?- @vmvM (@… ý) Fjs _vi jL jvwe †U‡@ av -F bvZv avbvwe(avbve) fvwZi iv Î vi ju v@ †awe‡q Wu v‡g i bv‡Z †N‡om| hvo @‡i bv_ fyD ky ‡q fvUvq avwm wg‡q _viv fv[ wg‡q hv_ †Do| _viv gM I †Do| w@ū‧ nv‡U Zv@v @f Uv@vq _vi jL Kvu W‡o jvkv Zv@v

†ji @‡i wgo| Kj‡`‡d Wu v‡gi _viv Kv‡ovq jvwe wlio| ‡g`x `á

‡mev jðwgm a‡i jvwe‡_ cvIqvq _vi fv _vi DvIqv wm‡q K‡m@ c_ő @i‡om| w_wm @z ov hw_© †Su w@ [vZv WvLo , cu v_vq hv¾v Vvo wm‡q avw_‡o @‡i Wz ovq Wva v‡om ivmő vi ]m¨| w_wm Wz ov ]¡ vov‡om De , @z ev Kvi @qov wg‡q|

_vi fv cDm ivmő v @i‡[m †mev By i‡_ †j‡iv‡om Fjs†gD‡om Iu _ †a‡_ Uv@v F@wZ jvB Vv` _v‡gi @v‡ov †Dvev avXv

wZ‡@ @vfe wg‡q‡[| _v †g‡D w_wm W‡o †N‡om NØ v‡fi a‡U|†gD‡om _‡gi †[vZ Dy w@ †Dvav @‡i †BvfZv a‡e ]oavM Nv‡[i

‡Nvevq j‡n Uvm@z wm av_v _z o‡[| jvwe †livi nfq w_wm fu vWv †U‡@ kvfv hw_© wQ¾v , ky ※go I

ovL wm‡q wli‡om| Kj‡`‡d w_wm †aZ h‡i Dvjvi †D‡om njw],†Zsiv fv‡[i † Qvo , @v_ov , N]vi I †Wov fv‡[i †avmv wg‡q|

wj‡@‡o w_wm fM wg‡q Nv[ †U‡@ @z weZv VvNi (Vv¾i) Vvj avi‡om a‡i w_wm wVw¾ wm‡q N‡Ì †N‡om| †nDvm †U‡@ jv_vnv ,

ky w_ , †Svo I †Zvae w@m‡om| jvwe †livi a‡U ovwX wg‡q jvgy e I †Svev nva _vwe‡q mgx‡_ †SL _z ‡o jvwe wli‡om|

wj‡g`x `á jvsov hvdvq wjwhmő wj‡g`x hvdv †U‡@ K‡m@³‡ov

wj‡g`x `á F‡n‡[| _‡j wjwhmő hvdv †U‡@ kf© nsºvūÎ K‡m@ `áF‡n‡[| _vM nb‡] f‡m ivDvi ]m¨ aØU‡f Wo kf© nsºvūÎ `á nf~ ‡bi [@wZ †gwD| Kviwj? fvgª vnvi fnw]‡g fy qvw²‡mi Kvcvm å‡m fy nwoó iv F@wÂ_

b‡om| †gvqv †`‡d Mfvf nv‡bj l‡_vqv wg‡om †c - Kvoó vb & @z iKv‡mi Kvqv‡_ fy nofvm‡gi ]m¨ @vwofv, nvov_, nvIf, b]¡, cv@v_, lic @‡i‡[m| gy wmqvi Fnj @ivi †cvN¨_v Uv@vi aiI cviv @i‡jm mv _v‡gi Afvm mvM| _viv @vwli | cviv iny ‡oi†gDv‡mv a‡U Mjvgv_ @i‡jm KvwDiv‡_ _viv av‡jm ]vm‽ v_ | Kvi

cviv bvivf , bvovo a‡ivqv @i‡jm mv bv`‡ii fqgv‡m av‡jm ]vbvm‽vf | lviwn? †Dv gv †l‡i`_v wm‡qvN @‡i‡[m ³mvb& wbnvj @ivi ]m¨| mvfvc, †ivcv @i‡o †j‡b`_ mM‡o †gvcD |a_z © wN]? wN]© vi avwgª ºz ` a‡e cxåi jvYx aØ Wvi @‡im|

ns¯‥… _/_rnf? ivfvqY fbvhvi‡_i †oD@iv, Hwdiv †gj †gjx‡gi a~ ]vi ³iè_¡ jY©mv @‡im| _viv †gDvm †jg I Nx_vi †gDv‡mv

fv‡N© cv iv aU Wo‡j _v‡gi ]m¨ RN© _viv Uv@‡j †gj‡ov‡@ | Km¨Uvq Kvjvi ay m]© m¥ b‡j Fjs _vi ai ‡c‡_ b‡j mi‡@ †cDv‡m n@o avav_¥vi wX@vmv|

Kviwj `á jvsov hvdvq j¨jô_ aØ vq n@o KvMm nsºvūÎ `á Kviwj `á|

f]vi wjdq bo ÜKvMmÚ| `jgwZM Kvjvi lviwn `á| w@[z LgvbiY wm‡fő †gIqv bo?-

KvMm nsºv‷Î `á Kvgvo‡_i nvf‡mi fqgv‡m Lw@o, †fv±vi, fy ðwi, fy ‡Þl,

gvovo I Kvnvwfnb K‡m‡@M †fv@Åfvi @vi‡Y ]fv‡q_ b‡q‡[m| ]owg n@‡o F]ov‡n bvw@‡fi nvf‡m ]‡ev b‡om| gwoo ]vwoqvw_i K]y bv‡_ fvfov | I]i I ‣@wlq_ †`vmvi ai bvw@f @vqgv-@vmy m wbnvj @‡i Kvnvwf‡gi F@]m‡@ ]wifvmv

@i‡om Kai]m‡@ bv]‡_i ð@z f wg‡om| w@ū‧ LW_i Kvgvo_ fvfov Dvwi] @‡i fvfov ig @‡i wg‡om|

w`¸v La@iY I w`¸v nsºv‷Î `á fvgivnv I f±‡j [vÂ‡gi @z iKv‡mi w_ovIqv_ I _]© fvi

Lai _vwof †gIqv bq| _v‡gi a¸ †U‡@M Nwij w`¸vUx© ‡gi†gvqv_, @of I w@_vj †gIqv bq F‡of ov‡hi ]m¨| aØ w_ j[i

fbii‡fi wgm [vÂ‡gi nmg aØ gvm @iv bq|

j¨jnv nsºv‷Î _U¨

fnov j¨jnv‡qi fvwo@ fv_jųi nv‡bj wn※gy @ †U‡@ _bwj‡oi KU© wm‡q j¨jnv åiè @io| w@ū‧ Dv]mv nsºvūÎ wbnvj wm@v‡`Nog bIqvq _v‡gi j¨jnv‡q †@vm ovhM bomv| Kaiwg‡@

_z lv‡m ]vbv] Vy w ji @vi‡Y K‡m@ †ov@nvm bIqvq †n l_z i b‡q lw@i b‡q †No|

wjwjk A‡gi wgm n@v‡o ny o_vm Fjs mjvj mv‡qj‡@ nv‡U wm‡q

lw@i I fy nvwli‡gi nv‡U †gDv @i‡om| Kai wg‡@ Kvwfi Fi @m¨v ‡f․ny fx _vi @É nvl @‡i †fvov‡qf R ‡i _jov I _vmay iv

wm‡q N]‡oi †iIqv] @iw[o| _vi FM N] ‡oi ny i †hv‡ii bvIqvq ‡h‡n [we‡q aeo|

lviwn `áaØ `vnwm@ `á

jvg`vb & _vi gijv‡i j‡n jv※gv‡gi mvwo` wm‡q @v] @i‡[m| Kv] lwiqvg F‡n‡[ †Nvf Î v I †a`@vi -Fi mv‡f| _viv iEfbo mvf@ o¯‥iDvmvi gv‡ivqv‡mi @v[ †U‡@ †j -KvMwm hv‡j jDwnn wm‡q‡[| ni@vi aØkvm bIqvq w_wm _v jigv Î mv @‡i lifvm avwX‡q wnavwb Óviv

_v‡gi ‡NØ l_vi @io| _v‡gi @vivNv‡i wm‡q _v‡gi ]jvmjw※g †mIqv bo| †Nv‡q※gviv _gūÎ @io| †j -`if, j²v_‡gi @vinvw] kiv aevq _v‡gi aØU‡f jiDv Î a‡Â jvg`vb& g ÎD_ @i‡om| _viai gyÚ]m



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av‡ovqvm †@v‡_vqvo _v‡gi ]oó vg‡gi bv‡_ b Î v ūÎ i @io| Kj‡`‡d†Nvo※gv] I _xi※gv]‡gi Óviv _v‡gi f‒ _z ¨gÐ †gIqv bo|

j¨jnvq nsºv‷Î _U¨ W`fvi @viDvmvq @vwiNiiv K‡m@ †Dv` †f]v] wm‡q Dvnv

@‡i W`fv •_wi @io| ‣_wii ai †nwZ‡@ wjº‡qi ]m¨ †mqv bo j※g‡ii jv]v‡ii giNvi av‡` †gv@v‡m | †gv@vmgvi mfy mv wb‡n‡j w@[z W` fv Qz wo‡q ivD‡om| DwiÅviiv F‡n _v‡gi †av`v@ I

†Wbvivi nv‡U wfwo‡q †gD‡om| a[※g b‡o Dy j Dy w` b‡q Dwig @i‡om| W`fv †gv@vm †U‡@ Dy Wiv I avM@vwi gy M hv‡jM wjwº bo| †n․wDmiv Kvfgvwm @iv W`fv j¨jbvi @‡im| Km¨wg‡@ K‡m@ W`fv iÕvwm @iv bq|

wjwjk m_z m ]vfv_v ¦ åi jvwe cvjvi †jovq µ xi ]m¨ jvNvm jvwNWv

†U‡@ †Nvova NvwoWv wmo, ¦ våwii ]m¨ ]vfgvwm `vwe wmo Fjs ¦ å‡ii ]m¨ gw]© i †gv@vm †U‡@ †i`wf @va‡ei avq]vfv , avÌvwj I ièfvo wmo| Dvmgvwm

js‡ì ¦åi jvwe‡_ _vi KvNf‡m†`vi‡Nvo a‡e †No| n@‡o Kvm‡‿g †jð` b‡q †No| _vi ]m¨ via[‡‿gi Nif Dvmvi j‡※gvj¯Î @iv bo| _vi ]m¨ ivkv bo †fviN ,†avovI, wjwiqvwm , Qvo †Nvn_ , njw] Fjs ]Å© v | DvIqvi ai _v‡@ _ify ] DvIqv‡mv bo| Kj‡`‡d nvmvM jvw]‡q _v‡@ wjgvq†gIqv bo|

iEkmy i nv_ i‡Ei mxo (_rnf) jv‡g jvw@ iE³‡ovi mvf lviwn `á| wai nv‡bj †iv] n @v‡o wfwb a`wf @vae a‡e †iv`mvM hv‡j

`vN‡ig‡gi nv‡U †gDv @‡im| †nwgwm n@v‡o F@ nivMDvmv †U‡@ F@ `q_vm‡@ †]vi @‡i k‡i Kvmv bo| wai nv‡bj _vi gi]vi mif _±vi Iai j‡n †aqvov bv‡_ _vi wjWvi @i‡om| wjWv‡i ]vmvovi @vX wg‡q Kwhcy ±i †@vf‡i wawZ‡q _v‡@ mv Î vmvjy g @‡ i _vi †b Î ‡m¯Î @iv bo|

_z w@© `áDvm nv‡b‡ji jvwe‡_ _vi L]jy @ jvjy wW© i Bi †U‡@ †jNf

nv‡b‡ji KvoDvoó v wg‡q jvmv‡mv †jvW@vq hiv ov` avIqv †No| gv‡ivNv jvjy Dvm nv‡b‡ji Bi †U‡@ †_va , j※gy @ , Wv@ z, jvièg I @u vwW †ºv@ @io Fjs _v‡@ @vj y @‡i k‡i wm‡q †No| Kj‡`‡d _vi jvjv , g vgv-gvwg I mvmv-mvwm gv‡ivNv nv‡bj‡@ @z wm© ` @‡i fy W‡o@v wg‡q _v‡@ [vwe‡q Kvmo|

a_© y wN] `á je †[‡o ¯‥z ‡o cvjvi ai Kvqv _vi ]m¨ M¯ÿv‡_i

Kvofvwii †h_‡i Nvfovq @‡i Ku v_v , †au ‡a , †aqviv , Kvmvin I Km¨vm¨ Dvjvi ivDo| w@ū‧ _vi †[vZ †[‡o Wvwj bvwi‡q †loo|a‡i wfw¯ µ, jvow_‡_ @‡i Kvo@v_iv , Kvowam I †a‡i@ F‡m

_vov Dy oo| _vi je †[‡o ¯‥z o †U‡@ F‡n nvjvm , †_vqvov , jvow_ I fN wm‡q †Nvno @io| †Nvno n¤ÿmő @‡i †n lo³‡ov

†Do KviI †Do KvWvi Fjs †jvfv fv@© v avLièwZ | a‡i @vfiv †U‡@ jviv※gvq †jwe‡q †@gvivq j‡n †jbvo v jv]vw[o| _vi L‡Å`¨ w[o av‡ì @vwY© ‡` @vwf] aev I fvUvq wl_v ju vkv F@†f‡q‡@ Dy w` @iv| w@ū‧ †f‡qi hvM wa Î o wm‡q Kv`vq †n hq†a‡q †No Fjs @vfivq wl‡i †No|

livwn `á ‡i‡mnu vi nfq livwn @¨v‡l †i‡ Î viu vq Ms‡i] I Io※gv]iv

j‡n wj¯‥z Z †D‡_ †D‡_ Kvu _v_ @iw[o †c - n@o @v_z © ] jy ‡]© vqv‡gi N¨v‡i‡]i wV‡av‡_ ivDv b‡j Fjs @za‡mi fvk¨‡f b Î vūÎ i @iv b‡j|

]vavwm `áa¨v‡NvVvi avwg ª @viv‡_ W¨vw¤ÿqm ny mvwf bvwiw@wii a~ j© vhvn

å‡m h‡q bvn‽ v‡bmv jvNv‡m Kv_¥b_¨v @io| a‡i _v‡@ aØU‡f wi¶vq Fjs a‡i nv¤ÿv‡m @‡i wm‡q cvIqv bo|

nfvU© @ `á

KwN‽ t Kmo, jwþ, avj@ ,ð_v`m, ‣j ¦ vmi, ]¡ om,@… dvYy, w`Dvjr,w`wDmy, jvqy nDv, ð_hy @, `y wW, wa¾o, wj ¦av, wbfviw_,jvqy nDv, Kwmo, nD, nÕvs`y, nj© hy @ ,w`Dv|

K ¦ t †Bvev, †BvZ@, bq ,jv]x, _z iN, _z i¾f, † ªü, jvbm, ‡b« dv, f iè gªU, †BvZ@x, †Bvex, jvfx, jejv|

Kv@v` t K¤R i, †j¨vf, mh, NNm, KūÎ ix¸, `~ m¨‡ov@, Kvnfvm, gy ¨‡ov@, mxwofv, `~ m¨, KmūÎ, ny iaU, K¤R i‡ov@,D‡ov@, D‡Nvo, m¸Â‡ov@, MUvi, m‡hv‡ov@, m‡hvf ×o, mh o, [vqv‡ov@|

A ¦i t Kvoó v, †Dvgv, Movbx, nª ñv, wj ¦aw_, ai‡f ¦ i , ]Ngx ¦ i, ]Ngx`, ]Nraw_, ]Nrw a_v,]Nrnª ñv, ]Nmő vU, ]Nm¥q, hvN¨jÔz, KvwgmvU, a‒ wU¡ , Kf‡i`, KūÎ cv© fx,†ov@mvU, aifay ièd, ai‡f ¦ i, aifv_¥v, a‡i`, ai‡f`, wjhy kv_v, ]NÓÔz|

@m¨v t ‡f‡q, @m¨v, mw‿gmx, _mqv, gy wb_v, Kv_¥n¤¢ jv, ay wÂ@v, gvwi@v, _my ]v, fvMqv, gy ovox, ay Âx, @z fvix, @‡m , Qx, †j wZ,

wQqvix, Kv_¥]v| ‡@vw@o t †@v‡qo, wa@, aih‒ _, aiay ñ, Kmäy ñ, @v@ay ñ,

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@vEv‡oi @Uv jvwn b‡o Dv‡Z > ³iè _¡ mv †gIqv †ov‡@i @Uvi gvf wja‡g awe‡oM †jvQv cvq| @v‡iv †a․Î d fvn, @v‡iv nj© mv` > F‡@i ov‡h K‡mï ¸w_| ‡@L f‡i wjo †[u ‡W, †@L Dvq •@ > F‡@i awi ª ‡f K‡mï wjovwn_v|

‡@u ‡Wv Dy u e‡_ wN‡q nva †j‡iv‡mv > _z [ wjd‡qi n~ ‡Â ]wZo nfn¨vi Lℭ¢ j|

D wD‡g †a‡o hv‡B kvm Dvq > aØ ‡qv]‡mi Kvwk@¨|Dvo †@‡Z @z fxi Kvmv > wm‡]i wjag wm‡] †V‡@ Kvmv|Dy u wZi †]v‡i †hev mv‡W > `w±`vox j¨w±i a‒ ü‡avd@_vq K‡cvN¨ j¨w±iI `w± †gDv‡mv n¤¢ j|Dvn _voy ‡@i aØ ]v > Dy j KmyN_ j¨w±|

NNu v‡q fv‡m mv Kvawm †fveo > K‡m¨ mv fvwm‡oI wm‡]‡@ je jwoqv f‡m @iv| ‡Nvmv N iè jv‡B Dvq mv > wb‡n‡ji N iè jv‡B Dvq mv|Niè †f‡i ]y ‡_v gvm > @vbviI c‡Uñ ¸w_ @wiqv a‡i

_vbviM nvfvm¨ La@vi @iv|

Nv‡[ @u vXvo †Nu v‡l †_o > hwjd¨‡_i g iè`q LgNØ xj bMqvUv@v|

Nv‡[iI Dvq, _oviI @z evq > F@M n‡¾ F@vwk@ R vU© wnwÖ

@iv| ‡Nu ‡qv †cvNx whD avq mv > wm‡]i Fov@vq ³Yxi Kvgi†mM|

Bi‡avev N iè wnu gy ‡i †fB g‡D Vivq > je wja‡gi KwhË_v K@vi‡YM hx_ @wiqv †_v‡o| ‡Nv - fe‡@ fy wWi avj© Y > F‡@i ¸w_‡_ Ka‡ii ovhNgvM o¯‥ix Wvo > gxB© ny wÂ_vi hvj

Niè †f‡i ]y ‡_v gvm > †j`x ¸w_ @‡i nvfvm¨ w@[y wg‡q Dy w` @ivi

†Wñv



;8

B

B‡ii †D‡q j‡mi †fvd _vev‡mv > wm‡]i ¸w_ @‡i K‡mï La@vi

@iv|

By By †g‡D[ lu vg †gDwm > W_z i j¨w±‡@ †@․`‡o ]á @ivi Mw¾_|

W

W@W@ @wi‡o †nvmv bq m v >

†Wbviv‡_ Kvno ³Y kiv cvq mv| ‡Wviv mv †`v‡m k‡f© i @vwbmx > La‡g` wgqv Knr‡@ nr @iv cvq mv|

WvWv Kvam aØ vY jvu Wv > wm‡]i ]xjm i¸v @wiqv _viai Km¨‡@ nvbv‡cï ]m¨ bv_ jvevI| WvfwW‡@I avwD, wVay wZI bvw@f > Kv@v‡i jv WvoWo‡m je jwoqv f‡m bM‡oM aØ @… _ je bq mv|

‡Wmv jvfy ‡mi •a‡_ ov‡N mv > †cvN¨ †ov‡@i ]m¨ nyavwi` ov‡N mv|

‡Wvi avov‡o jy wÖ jv‡e > BZmv BwZqv cvMjvi ai _vbvFevMjvi aU avIqv|

‡Wv‡i †Wv‡i fvn_z‡_v hvM > Kaivkxiv F‡@ K‡mï nvbvc @vix bq|

‡Wviv mv å‡m k‡f© i @vwbmx > f ‿g †ov@ hvo La‡g‡` @vm†gq mv|

‡Wv‡ii nv¸x Nu vZ @vZv > f‿g †ov@M f‿g †ov@‡@ nvbvc¨ @‡i|

[ ‡[u ev @u vUvq å‡q ovD Zv@vi ¯Ra‽ †gDv > Kn¤¢j @îmv @iv|

[vM †lo‡_ hv¾v @z ‡ov > nvfvm¨ @v‡]i nvfvm¨ avÂ| [z u W b‡q Sy ‡@ lvo b‡q †j‡iv‡mv > gqvaØ vU© x bMqv Sy w@qv wjivZ Kwmñ @wiqv Wwoqv cvIqv|

‡[‡e †g fv †@u ‡g ju vwW > †@vm KjvwÍ_ Qv‡fov bM‡_ fy w±avMjvi Kv@z o_v|

]

‡]vi cvi fy o y @ _vi > `w±`voxivM wZ‡@ Uv‡@| ]y ‡_v †novM †U‡@ Ww ×avX > †[vZ -je cvj_xq @v] @iv|

Q

‡Qva jy ‡Q †@va fviv > ny ‡cv‡Ni nÓ¨jbvi @iv| Q‡e j@ f‡i lw@‡ii †@ivfw_ jv‡e > K‡mï Óviv n¤ÿvwg_ @… w__¡ wm‡]i j‡o gvwj @iv|

X

XN jv[‡_ Nu v L‡]ve > †cDv‡m f‡‿gi nsD¨vwk@¨, †nDv‡m

hvo jv[vM @iv cvq mv| ‡Xovi vmf jvjv]x > Wv‡a a‡e mw_ R x@vi @iv|

V/S

Vy ‡j Vy ‡j ]o DvIqv > †Nva‡m †Nva‡m †@vm @v ] @iv|

Svo †mM _‡ovqvi †mM wmwkivf ng©vi > ¸f_v †mM w@ū‧ Kvúvom Kv‡[|

‡Su w@ ¯R ‡N© †N‡oI kvm hv‡m > nj© ÂM †c F@M i@‡fi gvq -Nvwq_¡ jbm @‡i|

‡Sw@ ¯R ‡N© †N‡oI kvm hv‡m > Kg‒ ñ nj© Â n‡¾ n‡¾ cvq _

_Õ hv‡_ my m †]v‡Z mv, av‷Î v hv‡_ wB > aª ‡qv]mxq @v] nv fovMjvi nvfU¨© mvM cDm, _Dm KaØ ‡qv]mxq @v‡]i aØ w_†Qvu @ †gDv‡mv|

‡_ov fvUvq †_o †gqv > cvi Kv‡[, _v‡@ KviI †gIqv| _z wf †li Vv‡o Vv‡o, Kvwf wlwi av_vq av_vq > Wvov‡@i†W‡qI †jw` Wvovw@ @iv|

g g` W‡º hNjvm h~ _ > F@vwk@ †ov‡@ wf‡o hvo‡@I f‿g j‡o aØ w_amő @iv| gy ‡ki nvk †Bv‡o †f‡Z mv > Kvno w]wm‡ni Kvm‿g m@‡oavIqv cvq mv|

g‡ì ovwX F‡@i †jvQv > F@]‡mi a‡¸ cvbv @wXm, g`]‡mi a‡¸ _vbv Kw_ nb]| gu v_ Uv@‡_ gu v‡_i ff© †jv‡Q mv > †@vm w@[z i Khvj mv

b‡o †n wjd‡qi ³ iè_¡ Kmykvjm @iv cvq mv|

gyk-@ov wg‡q @vonva †avdv > `Â‡@ ncy ‡_¡ aØ w_avom| ‣g_¨@z ‡oi aØ bovg > f‿g awi‡j‡` hvo †ov@ |

k

kwi fv[ mv [u y M avwm > w@[z fvÂ †jN mv †a‡q bq Ffm †@․`‡o wnwÖ|

kiv‡@ nivËvm @iv > @vL‡@ a‡ivqv mv @iv|k‡f© i Sv@v Kvawm jv‡] > †`d ac©ūÎ n_¨ aØ@v` av‡jM|k‡f© i @o jv_v‡n m‡e > K‡mï nfv‡ovWmv mv @wiqv wm‡]i @v] wm‡] @iv|

m

‡mev gy jvi †jo_ovq cvq mv > F@M wja‡g fvmy d Kwk@jviaw__ bq mv| mvmv fy wmi mvmv f_ > wjwhmő †ov‡@i wjwhmő f_| mvM fvfvi †W‡q @vmv fvfv hvo > mv Uv@vi †W‡q nvfvm¨ Uv@vM hvo|

mvW‡_ mv ]vm‡o LXvm ju v@v > K‡@‡]v †ov@ @v‡]i Knvl‡oï ]m¨ K‡mï †gvd †gq| my m DvM cvi, ³Y NvM _vi > La@vixi La@vi @iv|

my m Kvm‡_ avm_v ly ivq > gvwigªNØ ¯Î ]xjm mv‡@i jo‡g m ièm > whmő w]wm‡n nvfm¨ ¸w_a~ im



;6

a

‡a‡Z †D‡o wa‡X nq > ov‡hi aØ _¨v`vq @ñ nb¨ @iv|aU Wo‡j †]‡m, @we †m‡j ³‡Y > a‡Ui hv‡ovf‿g†]‡må‡m aU Wo‡_ bq Fjs @viI @v[ †U‡ @ Zv@v aqnv

†mIqvi nfq ³‡Y wm‡_ bq|a‡ii k‡m †avÅvwi > Ka‡ii KU© c‡U ñ j¨q @iv|a‡ii fvUvq @u vXvo hvEv > Kai‡@ @ñ wg‡q wm‡]i ¯R vU© bvwno

@iv| av‡ai km aØ vqw÷‡Ài cvq > Kngyav‡q Kw]© _ km Knr

a‡UM j¨wq_ bq|a‡ii Bv‡i j※gy @ †i‡D w`@vi > K‡mï Lai gvq ivwDqv ¯R vU©

LÖvi @iv| aj‡© _i fy wd@ aØ nj > wjivZ Kve¤R ‡ii _y [ awiYw_ wua‡eq j‡n †au ‡evi DiW > mNm¨ †ov‡@i ³i_¡a~ m© Dji ivDv|

j

j]ª KvZz wm l¯‥v †N‡iv > jvM‡ i `w±fvm †h_‡i gy j© o ju v‡ì †W‡q @wÍ je > jv‡ai †W‡q †[‡oi †_] †jw` | jvfy m b‡q Wu v‡g bv_ > †[vZi Kw_ je `D | jn‡_ †a‡o å‡_ Wvq > w@[z ny wjkv avM‡o Kv‡iv Kwk@ ny wjkv gvwj @iv|

wjmv †f‡B j]ªav_ > Kv@w¯§@ wjag Law _ bIqv| wjd †mM _vi Kvjvi @z ‡ovamv W·i > ¸f_vbx‡mi K‡b_z @ Kvúvom|

jv‡B [z ‡o KvXvi Bv > gy ñ †ov‡@i avovq ae‡o w@[z mv w@[z w_ b‡jM| jvi bv_ @u v@z ‡ei †_i bv_ jxwW > f~ o wjdq K‡a¸v KaØ ‡qv]mxq wjd‡qi jvevjvwe| wjmv jv_v‡n av_v m‡e mv > @viY [vev †@vm @v] bq mv| jW‡m ]Nr _z ñ > wfwñ @Uv jo‡o njvM nū‧ ñ Uv‡@|

h

hvN¨jv‡mi †jvQv hNjv‡m jq > hvN¨jvm †ov‡@iv †@vUvI

KvZ@vq mv|

hv_ [ev‡o @v‡@i Khvj bq mv > Zv@ v Uvw@‡o @v‡]i†ov‡@i Khvj bq mv|

wh‡¸i Wvo @u vev Kvi Kv@vev > gqvi gv‡mi hvo - f‿g wjWvi W‡o mv |

f

‡fv oó vi †g․ Î e fnw]g ac© ‷Î > @vc© ¸f_vi wmwg© ñ nxfv|

fiv bvw_ ovD Zv@v > f~ o¨jvm j ‧ i w@[z ¸w_ b‡oI Kjw`ñ

Ks‡ì f~ o¨ Uv‡@ aØ Wz i|

f‡‷Î µ i nvkm w@sjv ìxi av_m > ‡@vm @v] n¤ÿvgm @ivi ]m¨ g‒ p -aØw_Ë bIqv|

f`v fvi‡_ @vfvm gvNv > nvfvm¨ j¨vav‡i wjivZ Kv‡qv]m| fiv jv B‡@ w@wo‡q fviv > wfU¨v jvbvgy ix

c

c_ N‡]© __ j‡d© mv > Kve¤R i Kmy cvqx @v] mv bIqv|

cv‡@ †gD‡_ mvwi _vi Wom ju v@v > cv‡@ a[‿g bq mv, _viaØ ‡_¨@ @v‡]M †gvd|

cvi ovwX _vi fvwZ > †]vi cvi fy o y @ _vi|

cvi ]¡ vov †nM ]v‡m > h~ ±‡hvNxM cUvU© gytD LaowÖ @i‡_av‡i|

c_ †gvd m※g‡Bvd > †@vm gy j© o j¨w±‡@ nj †gv‡di ]m¨ gvqx @iv|

c_¸Y ¦ vn, __¸Y Kv u > †`d Kjwk Kv`v _¨vN mv @iv|

cvi ]m¨ Wz wi @wi †nM j‡o ‡Wvi > cvbvi La@vi @iv bMo,

†n - M cDm wm‿gv @‡i| cvi @f© _vi nv‡], Km¨ †ov‡@i ovwX jv‡] > †c †ov@ † c @v‡]i †cvN¨ mq, _vbvi Óviv †n @v] bq mv| ‡cDv‡m jv‡Bi hq †nDv‡m iv_ bq > F@vwk@ wjag F@n‡¾ BZv|

‡cfm jy ‡mv Io, †_fwm jvBv †_u _z o > †nqv‡m †nqv‡m fy ‡Dvfy wD|

i

iU †gDv @ov †jWv > F@ wS‡o gy M avwD fviv| iv]vq iv]vq cy Ö bq, LoyDvNevi aØ vY cvq > ¸f_vjvm‡gi Ó‡‿gi l‡o nvkviY †ov‡@i ]xjm wjamő bIqv|

o

ov‡N Zv@v †g‡j †N․ix‡nm > K‡mï Lai hinv @wiqv†jwbnv‡j DiW @iv|

‡ojy @Wov‡o †_‡_v bq > ‡c †@vm j¨vav‡i †jw` Bu vZvBu vwZ @wi‡o K`vwūÎ i L‡gª@ bq|

`/n w`@vwi wjevo †Nu v‡l †Wmv cvq > bvjhvj †gwDqv †jvQv cvq| nv‡ai bu vwW †j‡g †W‡m > aØ @… _ o¸Y KwhË †ov@M †jv‡Q| n Î vi w_m Kj¯ v > n¯Î vi gª j¨ aØ vqM Diva Uv‡@| njy ‡i †fIqv l‡o > •k‡c© ny lo l‡o| nf‡qi F@ †lu ve, Knf‡qi g` †lu ve > nfq Uvw@‡_ nvjkvm bM‡o wjag@v‡o †ibvM avIqv cvq| nva b‡q @v‡Zv _z wf, IQv bq Qv‡ev > Lhq a‡¸i

aivf © gv_v wb‡n‡j †c @aZ_v @‡i|



;3

ny ‡D Uv@‡_ hy ‡_ w@‡ovq > †jv@vwfi @vi‡Y Qv‡fovq ]we_ bMqvaev|

b

bvw_i au vW a v †gDv > †n․hvN¨ N‡j© Kw_`q jvevjvwe| bv‡_ fv‡i mv, hv‡_ fv‡i > aØ _¨¸hv‡j †@vm `Âè _v mv @wiqv Ko‡¸¨ nj© mv` nvkm @iv|

Kmy jvg7;. Idd fet, idd spjbt- av‡ai km aØ qw÷‡À cvq |

7= . Frksp kdd, desj kdd - †ov‡h ava av‡a f‒ _z ¨ |

71. Ckrn wktac, ckrn aktac.- fivbv_x ovD Zv@v|

7<. Kdd aevjt, Kdd dest . - Kw_ †ov‡h _vu w_ mñ|

7:. Vkstj bet, wkbt bet,- KaWq @i mv,

Khv‡j‡_ a‡ev mv |

78. Heeds prkisj heeds- f~D© M f~ ‡D© i @gi @‡i |

76. Qidjbaj is ckdh aebsjbt- mxij_vM K‡k© @ n¤§w_ |

73. K hrijbl ib bjjl is k hrijbl ibljjl- wja‡gi jÔz i awiWq|

79. Khtjr ljktc aenjs tcj leater.- †Wvi avov‡o jywÖ jv‡e|

;7. Vcidj ib renj le ks ]enkbs le-†cDv‡m †cfm †nDv‡m †_fm|

;;. Be pkibs, be fkibs.- @ñ mv @i‡o †@ñ ‡f‡o mv |

;=. Frkpjs krj seur- Kv¾y i lo Z@|

;1. Nkb prepesjs, Fel lispesjs- fvmy d hv‡j F@, bq Kvi

F@|

;<. It tk`js twe te nk`j k qukrrjd- F@ bv‡_ _vwo jv‡]

mv|

;:. It’s yeur ewb dee` eut.- FZv †_vfvi wm] R j¨vavi|

;8. I kn dee`ibf herwkrl te sjjibf yeu - Kvwf†_vfvi wg‡@ †W‡q Kvw[

;6. Nebjy mjfjts nebjy.- Zv@vq Zv@v Kv‡m |

;3. Bjajssity bews be dkw- aØ ‡qv]m †@vm KvMm fv‡m mv |

;9. Leb’t Qcir` Qaceed- ¯‥z o avwo I mv|

=7. Dihj is bet wertc divibf witceut hrijblscip-

jÔz _¡ [vev ]xjm ny ‿gi bq mv |

=;. \ee nuac aeurtjsy tee nuac arkht- Kw_ hw±†Wv‡ii o¸Y |

==. Cj cks febj te lefs-†n †Nv oó vq †N‡[ |

=1. K stiatac ib dibj skvjs bibj- nf‡q F@ †lve Knf‡q g` †lu ve |

=<. K mkl wer`nkb qukrrjds witc cis teeds-

mvW‡_ mv ]vm‡o LXvm ju v@v |

=:. K te _- n¤ÿ~Y©hv‡j |

=8. Wjbby wisj, peubl heedisc- j]ª KvZz wm l¯‥v†N‡iv |

=6. K aea` kbl mudd stery.- Kvdv‡p Nî |=3. Ks yeu sew, Qe yeu rjkp- †cfm @f©, †_fm lo |=9. Liknebl Auts Linebls- fvwm‡@ fvwm@ †W‡m |

17. Kdd is wjdd tckt jbls wjdd - nj hvo _vi †`d hvo cvi

1;. Aut yeur aekt kaaerlibf te yeur adetc- Kvq

jy ‡Q j¨q @i |

1=. It is k debf stery- †n K‡m@ @Uv | 11. \cj dieb is k mjkst eh prjy- wnsb w`@vix aå|

1<. Ebj sceudl devj ebj’s Aeubtry- aØ ‡_¨‡@iM†g`‡@ hvojvnv LwW_ |

1:. Bjre hilldjs wcidj ]enj murbs- @viI †a․Î d fvn @viI nj© mv`|

18. Nkb is tcj mjst arjkturj eh Kddkc- fvmy d

Kvoó vbi nj‡W‡q † ª ü]xj |

16. \cj jxknibktieb is `bea`ibf kt tcj leer- aix¸v nwmő@‡Z |

13. Neljrb Qaijbaj is k mdjssibf- Kvky wm@ wjËvm

Kv`x© jvg|

19. Cjkdtc is wjkdtc- R v ¨M n¤ÿg |

<7. Wrkatiaj nk`js k nkb pjrhjat- NvM‡_ NvM‡_Nv‡qm |

<;. Qtuljbts sceudl emsjrvj tcj dkws eh

cjkdtc.- [vÂ [vÂx‡gi R v ¨wjwk †f‡m Wov LwW_ |

<=. Mee`s krj njb’s mjst aenpkbieb ib dihj-

ay ¯Î @ fvmy ‡di LÀf n¾x |

<1. ]ivjr sjrvjs us ib nkby wkys- gx mvmv hv‡j Kvfv‡gi La@vi @‡i|

<<. \cjrj is betcibf bemdjr tckb herfivjbjss-

¸fv @ivi †W‡q fbr Kvi w@[z †mM |

<:. \we is Aenpkby tcrjj is bebj- gy ]‡m jÔz _¡ bq

w_m]‡m @ob |



;9

<8. Leb’t muidt akstdj ib tcj kir- Kv@v` @z ny f wW ūÎ v @i mv|

<6. Mee`s krj k nkb’s mjst Aenpkbiebs ib dihj- ay ¯Î @ fvmy ‡di ]xj‡mi LÀf n¾|

<3. Dee` mjherj yeu djkp- hvwjqv @wiI @v]|

<9. Vj nust ckvj pdjbty eh jxjraisj- Kvfv‡gi Kj`¨M K‡m@ j¨vqvf @iv LwW_ |

:7. Iblustry is tcj reet eh suaajss- awi ª f Lmő w_i f~ o|

:;. Vckt krj tcj ljnkbls tckt eur hrjjlen nk`js

eb us. - ¯Rvkxm_v Kvfv‡gi Lai †@vm †@vm gvwq_¡ j_© vq|

:=. Vj sceudl ckvj rjspjat her eur jdljr- je‡giaØ w_ Kvfv‡gi ª Öv Uv@v LwW_ |

:1. Ckvj pktijbaj ib lkbfjr- wj a‡g •kc© kvim @i |

:<. \cjrj krj nkby viddkfjs kreubl Lck`k-

Sv@vi Wviav‡` K‡m@ NØ vf i‡q‡[ |

::. \cj resj is k vjry mjkutihud hdewjr- †Nvova Dy j ny ‿gi lz o|

:8. Be pjrseb akb mj ckppy witceut hrijbls. - jÔz j¨_x_ †@vm j¨w±M nyDx b‡_ av‡i mv |

:6. Wevjrty is k frjkt premdjn ib eur dihj- gvwigª ¨

Kvfv‡gi ]xj‡m F@ wjivZ Kwh`va |

:3. Nkb is tcj kracitjat eh cis ewb dihj. - fvmy d

_vi wm] ]xj‡mi aw_ |

:9. Cebjsty is tcj mjst pediay- n__vM Lr@… ñ aūÎ v |

87. Cis tcirst her `bewdjlfj ibarjksjl witc cis

kfj - jq‡ni n‡¾ n‡¾ _vi Ëvm waavnv †j‡e cvq |

8;. Cj is eut eh dua` - _vi †avev @avo |

8=. It is rkibibf akts kbl lefs - f~ dokv‡i j‒ wñ b‡[ 81. Cj is feel kt nktcjnktias kbl Qaijbaj - †n

K‡´ I wjËv‡m hvo

8<. Cj divjs ckbl te neutc - †n wg‡m Kv‡m wg‡mDvq|

8:. \cj Aew divjs eb frkss - Niè Bvn †D‡q ]xjm kviY

@‡i|

88. Kdd cis fjjsj krj swkbs ‑ Kvam aY¨ n@‡oM hv‡ov j‡o|

86. K nkb is `bewb tcj aenpkby cj `jjps- n¾†g‡D †ov@ †Wmv cvq|

83. K trjj is `bewb my its hruit- mv‡f mq @‡f©awiWq|

89. K stiac ib tinjs skvjs bibj- nf‡qi F@ †lu ve Knf‡qi g` †lu ve|

67. Mirls eh tcj sknj hjtcjr hdea` tefjtcjr-

‡Wv‡i †Wv‡i fvn_z ‡_v hvM 6;. Mdjssibf krj bet vkdujl tidd tcjy krj febj-

gu v_ Uv@‡_ gu v‡_i fc© vgv †jvQv cvq mv| 6=. Mdeel is tcia`jr tckb wktjr - i‡±i Zvm je

Zvm|61. Mdka` widd tk`j be etcjr cuj- @qov ky M‡o fqov

cvqmv|

6<. Mjttjr kdebj tckb mkl aenpkby- @z n‡¾ Uv@vi†W‡q F@v Uv@vI hv‡ov|

6:. Lebgt aeubt acia`jbs mjherj tcjy krj

cktacjl- Nv‡[ @u vXvo †Nv‡l †_o| 68. Lkbfjr ehtjb aenjs wcjrj lkbfjr is

hjkrjl- ‡cDv‡m jv‡Bi hq †nDv‡mM ivwÂ bq|

66. Hkudts is tcia` wcjrj devj is tcib- cv‡i †gD‡_ mvwi _vi Wom ju v@v|63. Feel wibs be musc- †Wmv jvfy ‡mi •a_v ov‡Nmv|

69. Frjkt nibls tcib` kdi`j- fbr †ov‡@iv F@i@f wW‷Î v @‡i|

37. Cj is difct hibfurjl- _vi bv_Zvm Kv‡[| 3;. Cubfjr is tcj mjst skuaj- ¸zkv †a‡o jv‡B kvm

Dvq| 3=. It is djssjr jvid- FwZ f‡※gi hv‡ov| 31. Idd fet, idd spjbt- av‡ai km aØ vqw÷‡À cvq| 3<. I kn sia` eh hdkttjrjrs- WvZz @vi‡gi Kvfvi hv‡ov ov‡N mv|

3:. Di`j hktcjr di`j sebs- jva@v †jZv †navM@v †Bvev|

38. Di`j aurj di`j- @u vZv wg‡q @u vZv †_vov| 36. Bjajssity `bews be dkw- Khv‡j ¯R hvj mñ| 33. Be sne`j witceut hirj- @vim [vev @vc© bqmv| 39. Wrilj fejtc mjherj ljstruatieb- Kw_ jve

†j‡evmv Q‡e a‡e cv‡j|

97. Jvjry lef cis lky- aØ‡_¨‡@i ]xj‡m F@vjwi ny wgm Kv‡n|

9;. Qjt k tcijh te aktac e tcijh - @u vZv wg‡q @u vZv†_vov|

9=. Qjdh prjsjrvktieb is tcj hirst dkw eh bkturj-

Kvawm ju vW‡o jv‡ai mvf| 91. Nk`j cky wcidj tcj sub scibjs- †Qva jy ‡Q †@va

fviv|

9<. \e tcj purj kdd tcibfs krj purj- Kvawm hv‡ov†_v ]Nr hv‡ov|

9:. \cj acidl is tcj hktcjr te tcj nkb- LXw ‷Î fy ov

aÀ‡mM †Wmv cvq| 98. \e kll ibsudt te uboury- @u vZv Bv‡q my ‡mi w[Zv| 96. \e nk`j k njss tcibf- hy ‡_i jv‡ai `ª vÖ|



=7

93. \e aut eh ewb besj te spitj ebjgs hkaj-

wm‡]i mv@ †@‡Z a‡ii cvÂv h¾ @iv|99. Xirtuj tcrivjs mrst ib klvjrsity- gytDM fvmy d‡@ fbr

@‡i|;77. K lewibf nkb aktacjs kt tcj strkw- c_¸Y

`¦ vn __¸Y Kv`|

nwÔ wmqfvmy cvqx bIqv nwÔ³‡ov n¤ÿ‡@© a~Y© aØ ‧ w_i ]m¨ wm‡Wi

nwÔ³‡ov oõ¨ @ièm ?

¯RinwÔ Kv > K+K

mjvm‽ > mj + Kmő mivkf > mi + Kkf wbfvWo > wbf + KWo Km¨vm¨ > Km¨ + Km¨

Kaivai > Kai + Kai aØ vYvwk@ > aØ vY + Kwk@ ¯R vkxm > ¯R + Kkxm nj© ¯R v‷Î > nj© ¯R + KūÎ ny c© v¯Î > n~ c© + K Î

Kv > K+Kv wnsbvnm > wnsb + Kvnm wbfvoq > wbf + Kvoq ‡gjvoq > †gj + Kvoq NØ ‷vNvi > NØ ū + KvNvi ‣¯RivWvi > •¯R i + Kv Wvi avXvNvi > avX + KvNvi i_‽v@i > i_ő + Kv@i @z `vnm > @z ` + Kvnm ¯R vq_¡ > ¯R + Kvq_¡

Kv > Kv+K _Uvwa > _Uv + Kwa @Uvf‒ _ > @Uv + Kf‒ _ Kv`v_x_ > Kv`v + K_x_ nxfv‷Î > nxfv + KūÎ fbvB© > fbv + KB© cUvU© > cUv + KU© Kv`vw_w i± > Kv`v + Kw_wi±

Kv > Kv+Kv wjg¨voq > wjg¨v + Kvoq fbv`q > fbv + Kv`q @vivNvi > @viv + KvNvi ¸zkv_z i > ¸zkv + Kv_z i

ngvm※g > ngv + Kvm‿g fvÂvwk@ ¨ > fvÂv+ Kvwk@¨F > K/Kv + M/A

F > K + M m‡i※gª > mi + M‿gª a~ ‡Y© ※gy > a~Y© + M‿gy ‡g‡j※gª > †gj + M‿gª ‡¯R [v > ¯R + M[v n‡_¨※gª > n_¨ + M‿gª å‡h[v > åh + M[v

F > K + A K‡a¸v > Ka + A¸v h‡j` > hj + A`

m‡i` > mi + A` N‡Y` > Nm + A` iv‡]¨`¦ i > iv]¨ + A`¦ i g~ ‡N© ` > g~N© + A`

F > Kv + M c‡U[v > cUv + M[v f‡b※gª > fbv + M‿gª c‡Uñ > cUv + Mñ in‡mw※gª q > inmv + Mw‿gª q

F > Kv + A f‡b` > fbv + A` i‡f` > ifv + A` f‡b`¦ i > fbv + A`¦i Sv‡@`¦ ix > Sv@v + A`¦ ix

N‡¾`¦ i > N¾v + A`¦ i K/Kv + L/J > I

I > K + L m‡ivÀf > mi + LÀf a‡iva@v i > ai+La@vi n~ ‡c© vgq > n~ c© + Lgq l‡ovgq > lo + Lgq LÀ‡ivÀ i > LÀi + LÀi `x‡_vý > `x_ + Lý ]‡ov[¡ v n > ]o + L[¡ vn mx‡ovra o > mxo + Lrao wb‡_va‡ g` > wb_ + La‡g` f~ ‡ov‡[ g > f~ o+ L‡[g

n‡j©vW > nj© + LW gx‡B© vWviY > gxB© + LWviYaØ ‡`‽ vÀi > a Ø ő + LÀi

I > K + J W‡ovwf© > Wo + Jwf© m‡jvpv > mj + JpvN‒ ‡bvkų© > N‒ b + Jkų© n‡j©vkų© > nj© + Jkų© F‡@vmwj s`w_ > F@ + Jmwjs`w_

I > Kv + L f‡bvrnj > fbv + Lrnj c‡UvwW_ > cUv + LwW_

@‡Uva@ Um > @Uv + La@Um c‡Uvacy ± > cUv + Lacy ± f‡bva@ vi > fbv + La@vi f‡bvgq > fbv + Lgq

I > Kv + J f‡bvkų© > fbv + Jkų© n‡¾vwf© > n¾v + Jwf© f‡bvwf > fbv + Jwf©

K/Kv + F/C > C

C > K + FF‣ @@ > F@ + F@ ]‣m@ > ]m + F@ wb‣_dx > wb_ + Fdx n‡j©j > nj© + Fj

C > K + C f‣_@¨ > f_ + C@¨ K‣m@¨ > Km + C@¨k‣m`¦ c© > km + C`¦ c© iv‣]`¦c© > iv] + C`¦c© hv‣j`¦ c© > hvj + C`¦c© hv‣j@¨ > hvj + C@¨

C > Kv + F n ‣ gj > ngv + Fj _‣Uj > _Uv + Fj



=;

C > Kv + C iv‣]`¦ c© > iv]v + C ¦ c© f‣b`¦ c© > fbv + C ¦ c© f‣b@¨ > fbv + C@¨

K/Kv + I/O > O

O > K + I j‡m․dwk > jm + Idwk fvs‡n․gm > fvsn + Igm ]‡o․ B > ]o + IB NØ v‡f․ @ > NØ vf + I@

]‡o․ @ > ]o + I@O > K + O

ai‡f․dk > aif + Odk wW‡À․ gvc © > wWÀ + Ogvc© wg‡j․ dk > wgj¨ + Odk

O > Kv + I @‡U․dwk > @Uv + Idwk f‡b․dwk > fbv + IdwkN‡¾․B > N¾v + IB

O > Kv + O

f‡b․dk > fbv + Odk f‡b․gvc© > fbv + Ogvc© f‡b․gvn ¨ > fbv + Ogvn¨

M/A + M/A > A A > M + M

@jx※gª > @wj + M‿gª Khxñ > Kwh + Mñ ijx※gª > iwj + M‿gª K_x_ > Kw_ + M_ c_x※gª > cw_ + M‿ gª wNix※gª > wNwi + M‿gª fy ±x[v > fy w± + M[v fYx※gª > fwY + M‿gª

K_xj > Kw_ + Mj K_x※gª > Kw_ + M‿gªaØ _x_ > aØ w_ + M_ A > M + A

aix¸v > awi + A v aØ _x¸v > aØ w_ + A¸v Kkx ¦ i > Kwk + A ¦ i wNix` > wNwi + A` w¸_x` > w¸w_ + A` Khxëv > Kwh + Aëv

M > A + M ny gx※gª > nykx + M‿gª fbx※gª > fbx + M‿gª fbx※gª > fbx + M‿gª ‡cvNx※gª > †cvNx + M‿gª

lYx※gª > lYx + M‿gª

A > A + A o½x` > o½x + A` a‒ wUjx`¦ i > a‒ wUjx + A ¦ ia‒ wU¡ x`¦ i > a‒U¡ x + A ¦ i Kjmx ¦ i > KjYx + A ¦ ia‒ wU¡ x` > a‒U¡ x + A` ª x` > ª x + Ad n_x` > n_x + A` fbx ¦ i > fbx + A ¦ i lYx ¦ i > lYx + A ¦ i

M/A + M/A (whm‽ ¯R i) > Üc&Ú + whm‽ R i cg¨wa > cwg + Kwa K_¨vWvi > Kw_ + KvWvi M_¨vwg > Mw_ + Kvwg Khy ¨gq > Kwh + Lgq K_¨‷Î > Kw_ + KūÎ K_z ¨W > Kw_ + LWaØ _z ¨d > aØ w_ + Ld aØ ‡_¨@ > aØ w_+F@

]v‣_¨@¨ > ]vw_ + C@¨ K‡_¨vB > Kw_ + IB K‡_¨․Î dk > Kw_ + Odk mg¨‷Î > mgx + KūÎ

mg¨v@vi > mgx + Kv@vi mgy äwi > mgx + Lawi mg~ ¨wf© > mgx + Jwf© m‡g¨vB > mgx + IBN_¨‷Î i > Nw_ + KūÎ i M_¨jni > Mw_ + KjniaØ _¨¸ > aØ w_ + K¸ aØ _¨b > aØ w_ + Kb

j¨j¯ v > wj + Kj v aØ _¨v`v > aØ w_ + Kv`vaØ _¨vj_© m > aØ w_ + Kvj_©m j¨vwk > wj + Kvwk j¨vb_ > wj + Kvb_ jÜ© > wj + KU© j¨v@z o > wj + Kv@z o j¨jbvi > wj + Kjbvi j¨jbvi > wj + KÌm K_¨v÷c© > Kw_ + Kv÷c© M_¨v@vi > Mw_ + Kv@vi aØ _z ä@vi > aØ w_ + La@i K_z ¨w± > Kw_ + Lw± Khy ¨Ävm > Kwh + LÄvm K_z ¨kų© > Kw_ + Lkų© K‣_¨`¦c© > Kw_ + C ¦ c© mg¨¤Ry > mgx + K¤Ry fn¨vkvi > fnx + Kvkvi my ¨m > wm + Lm K_¨wk@ > Kw_ + Kwk@ Lacy © awi > Lawi + Lawi aØ _¨vD¨vm > aØ w_ + KvD¨vmac© v‡ovWm v> awi + Kv‡ovWmv Kk¨¸ > Kwk + K¸

Kvg¨‷Î > Kvwg + KūÎ aØ _z ¨Ài > aØ w_ + LÀi

L/J + L/J > J J > L + L

wjk~ gq > wjky + Lgq fk~rnj > fky + Lrnj nvk~ Àf > nvky + LÀf @Z~ w± > @Zz + Lw± WviƝi > Wviè + Li fiƝg¨vm > fiè + Lg¨vm Km~ wg_ > Kmy + Lwg_ n~ w± > ny + Lw± n~ ± > ny + L±

J > L + J

oB~ wf© > oBy + Jwf© jb~kų© > jð + Jkų© KY~kų© > KYy + Jkų© _iƝkų© > _iè + Lkų©

J > J + L jk~rnj > jk~ + Lrnj jk~ w± > jk~ + Lw± jk~ wW_ > jk~ + LwW_

J > J + J h~kų© > h~ + Jkų© nic~ wf > nic~ + Jwf©



==

L/J + Km¨ R i > ÜiÚ + Km¨ R i K‷R q > Kmy + Kq R vN_f > ny + KvN_f K‡‷R dY > KYy + FdY nvkųxwb_ > nvky + Awb_ f‷R ‷Î i > f my + KūÎi a ¦ vwg > aå + Kvwg fwkų_¨vwg > fky + M_¨vwg jkųvwg > jk~ + Kvwg jwkų_¨vwg > jk~ + M_¨vwg a ¦kf > aå + Kkf R î > ny + Kî a ¦ vWvi > aå + KvWvi

Kw‷ÎR _ > KYy + M_ _ ‷R x > _Yy + A jkųvoq > jk~ + Kvoq jkųvNfm > jk~ + KvNfma`‽ vjwo > a ő + Kvjwo R vN_ > ny + KvN_

K‷Î R x¸v > KYy + A¸v ³jx© > ³iè + AF/ + Km¨ R i > Kf& + Km¨ R i

Ki& > F + Km¨ R i mqm > †m + Km `qm > †` + Km jqm > †j + Km

C + Km¨ R i > Kvm + Km¨ R i mvq@ > •m + K@ wjmvq@ > wj‣m + K@

I + Km¨ R i > Kj& > Km¨ R i hjm > †hv + Km ajm > †av + Km ojY > †ov + Km Njvwg > †Nv + KvwgN‡jdYv > †Nv + FdYv

O + Km¨ R i > Kvj& + Km¨ Riavj@ > †a․ + K@ mvwj@ > †m․ + M@ hvjy @ > †h․ + L@ `vj@ > †`․ + K@

gª vj@ > †gª ․ + K@ Kv + H > Ki&

Ki& >K/Kv + H ‡gjwd© > †gj + Hwd wbf_z © > wbf& + H_z fbwd© > fbv + Hwd ‡gj_vd© h > ‡gj_v + Hdh nÕwd© > nÕ + Hwd LÀfY© > LÀf + HY KkfY© > Kkf > HY iv]wd© > iv]v + Hwd

K/Kv + H_ > Kv_©

`x_v_© > `x_ + H_ gytDv_© > gytD + H_ _… ýv_© > _… ýv + H_ ‡`v@v_© > †`v@ + H_ hqv_© > hq + H_ waavnv_© > waavnv + H_ ¸zkv_© > ¸zkv + H_ ‡jgmv_© > †jgmv + H_

H + Km¨ R i > ( ª ) i-lov + Km¨ R i waÂmy fw_ > wa_… + Kmy fw_ waÂv‡g` > wa_… + Kv‡g` waÂwi > wa_… + Kwi fvÂv‡g ` > fv_… + Kv‡g` fvÂx ¦ i > fv_… + A ¦ i waÂU© > wa_… + KU© wawÂ[v > wa_… + M[v kvÂx > kv_z + A

waÂya‡g` > wa_… + La‡g` wa‣Â`¦ c© > wa_… + C ¦ c© fvwÂ[v > fv_… + M[v fvÂya‡g` > fv_… + La‡g`

j¨vÌmnwÔ

jNx© q _… _xq jY© (@) cwg jNx© q _… _xq j‡Y© i nv‡U ¯Rikųwmi L WviY Uv‡@ _‡jÛ

wgN※g > wg@& + KūÎ jvNve¤R i > jv@& + Kve¤R i jvNx` > jv@& + A` ]Ng‷Î > ]Nr +KūÎ ]Ngx` > ]Nr + A` ]Nwg※gª > ]Nr + M‿gª

hjgy Àf > hjr + LÀf w gwN※gª > wg@& + M‿gª ]Ngx ¦i > ]Nr + A ¦ i K]‷Î > KW& + KūÎ jvNU© > jv@& + KU© a‒UNm‽ > a‒U@& + Kmő jvNx ¦ ix > jv@& + A ¦ ixaØ v‣Nw_bvwn @ > aØv@& + Cw_bvwn@

wm]‷Î > wmW& + K ūÎ K]‷Î v > KW& + KūÎ v devmm > dZ& + Kvmm deH_z > dZ& + H_z @… g‷Î > @…r + KūÎ f‒ g¾ > f‒r + K¾ ngvm※g > nr + Kvm‿g ngv`q > nr + Kv`q

_g‷Î > _r + KūÎ j‒ bgviY¨@ > j‒ br + KviY¨@ _gjwk > _r + Kjwk nwg[v > nr + M[v ngy ‡Å` > nr + L‡Å` ny j‷Î > nya& + KūÎ ngya‡g` > nr + La‡g` fb‡g․ dk > fbr + OdkaØ v³± > aØ v@& + L± de¾ > dZ& + K¾

d‣e`¦ c© > dZ& + C ¦ c© ngU©@ > nr + KU©@ f‒ g¾ > f‒r + K¾ `iwg※gy > `ir + M‿gy KjwN‽ > Ka& + KwNő KwjÔm > Ka& + MÔm

(D) cwg j Nx© q 1q j‡Y© i nv‡U R ikųwmi LWviY mv Uv‡@Û jvN& ]vo > jv@& + ]vo wgN&N] > wg@& + N] jvN& gvm > jv@& + gvm ]Ng& mvU > ]Nr + mvUHN&†jg > H@& + †jg jvN& c ‷µ > jv@& + c ūµ jvN& gÀv > jv@& + gÀv wgN&g © m > wg@& + g © m jvN&kviv > jv@& + kviv de& ] > dZ& + ] de& g © m > dZ& + g © m de&kv > dZ& + kv de& wjs` > dZ& + wjs` de& hy ] > dZ& + hy ]

LgN_ > Lr + N_ LgBvim > Lr + BvZm wgN&b Î x > wg@& + b Î x dec‷µ > dZ& + c ūµ Lg&cvam > Lr + cvam wN& êf > wg@& + êf deiN > dZ& + iN wgNêv‷Î > wg@& + êvūÎ

(N) cwg j Nx© q 1q j‡Y© i cy ± jY© Uv‡@Û j‒ bÖk > j‒ br + kf© Kngª Ɲa > Knr + iƝa ]NÓÔz > ]Nr + jÔz fbÓm > fbr + jm @z ÇwZ@v > @zr + QwZ@v _gª èa > _r + ièa

Lg¨f > Lr + cf Lg¨_ > Lr + c_ L‡g¨vN > Lr + †cvN wgwN¦ ]q > wg@& + wj]q



=1

]NwÓD¨v_> ]Nr + wjD¨v_ L ¢ j > Lr + hj Lw ¢ g > Lr + whg _ ¢ j > _r + hj n ¢ vj > nr + hvj Kí > Ka + ]

Ü[Ú cwg (W) jv g wg‡q gy M av‡` hv¾v cvqÛ o½x[vqv > o½x + [vqv awi[g > awi + [g j‒ ¸[vqv > j‒ ¸ + [vqv _iè[vqv > _iè + [vqv

Kv[vgm > Kv + [vgm F@[Â > F@ + [Â ¯R [※g > R + [‿g fyD[wj > fyD + [wjaØ [g > aØ + [g aØ [vqv > aØ + [vqv

K¾‡[g > K¾ + †[g Kv‡ov@[Zv > Kv‡ov@ + [Zv @Uv[‡o > @Uv + [‡o @Uv[‡o > @Uv + [‡o Kv[m‽ > Kv + [mő w]Ëvnv[‡ o> w]Ëvnv + [‡oaix¸v[‡o > aix¸v + [‡o aØ w_ [wj > aØ w_ + [wj

awi‡[g > awi + †[g wj‡[g > wj + †[g

wjw[m‽ >

wj + w[mő Kmy ‡[g>

Kmy + †[gawi[m‽ > awi + [mő

cwg (W) j vg wg‡q gy M av‡` hv¾v mv cvq| fb[Â > fbr + [Â _[wj > _g& + [wj _w[gª > _g& + w[gª L‡[g > Lr + †[g n[vÂ > nr + [vÂ _[vq > _g& + [vq wja[vqv > wjag& + [vqv Lw[m‽ > Lr + w[mő

‡c n@o † ¸‡Â ([)-Fi awij‡_© (`) bqÛ

]N[iY¨ > ]Nr + ìY¨ fb[@Z > fbr + @Z L[‒ Do > Lr + ‒ Do L[¡ v` > Lr + ¦vn _[w± > _g& + `w± Wo[w± > Wig& + `w±

wÓ_¡ j¨Ìm³‡ovi †¸‡Â L²¡ o > Lr + ]¡ o hj²© m¥ > hjr + ]m¥F_²o > F_g& + ]o wja²vo > wja²vo

]N‡²¨vw_ > ]Nr + †]¨vw_ _²v_xq > _g& + ]v_xq n²m > nr + ]m _²m¨ > _g& + ]m¨

]N²xjm > ]Nr + ]xjm cvj²xjm > cvjr + ]xjm _²v_xq > _g& + ]v_xq LÆxm > Lr + Vxm hjÆf& iè > hjr + Vfiè fbÆfiè > fbr + ]fiè j‒ boó ovZ > j‒ br + oovZ Lwoó wD_ > Lr + wowD_ wjgy öó _v > wjgy ¨r + o_v _woó wD_ > _g& + wowD_ Loó vn > Lr + ovn L‡oóD¨ > Lr + †oD¨ L‡oóD > Lr + †oD hjÅ © Y > hjr + g © Y LÈow_ > Lr + Zow_ _Èow_ > _g& + Zow_ j‒ bÈªx@v > j‒ br + Zx@v jbÈV@vi > j‒ b r + ZV@vi ]Nm‽ vU > ]Nr + mvU Lm‽ qm > Lr + mqm Lm‽ w_ > Lr + mw_ _wm‽ wfÀ > _g& + wmwfÀ

_wm‽ ü > _g& + wmü ¸z wY‽ j‒ wÀ > zk& + wmj‒ wÀ LWviY > Lr + WviY F _WiY > F_g& + WiY nwW‷Îv > nr + wWūÎ v nwWr > nr + wWr wjawW‷Î v > wjag& + wWūÎv wjaWq > wjag& + Wq ìW※gª > ìr + W‿gª WowWÂ > Wor + wWÂ _wWÂ > _g& + wWÂ

cy ±j‡Y©i aØU‡f mvwn@¨ jY© Uv@‡o

N‷Î j¨ > Nf& + _j¨ N‷Î v > Nf& + _v K vºv‷Î > Kvºvf& + _ n‷Î va > nf& + _va `´v > `f& + @v nÍq > nf& + Wq g※g`‒ m > nf& + g © m n¤§vm > nf& + fvm nm‽¨vn > nf& > m¨vn w@wÍr > w@f& + wWr nÌv_ > nf& + ]v_ nÍq > nf& + ]qN‷Î j¨ > Nf& + _j¨ w@‷Î ‧ > w@f& > _z nÔvm > nf& + kvm nwÔ > nf& + wk

w@m‽ i> w@f& + mi n¤ÿ~Y© > nf& + a~Y©

n¤aØ gvm > nf& + aØ gvm n‡¤R vkm > nf& + †jvkm n¤§vm > nf& + fvm nw¤§om > nf& + wfom

ÜsÚ Uv@‡o w@s@‡ivwd > w@f& + @‡ivwd N‒ bsN[ > N‒ bf& + N[ `Âès]wb > `Âèf& + ]wb @ñsnb > @ñf& + nb nsD¨v > nf& + D¨v nsBZm > nf& + BZm ns‡cvN > nf& + †cvN w@sjv > w@f& + jv j`sjg > j`f& + jg nsnvi > nf& + nvi

nsbvi > nf& + bvi nsjk© mv > nf& + jk© mv nsova > nf& + ova nscf > nf& + cf nsivN > nf& + ivN ns@î > nf& + @î nsjvg > nf& + jvg ns‡`vkm > nf& + †`vkm ns‡cv]m > nf& + †cv]m ns`Õ@ > nf& + `Õ@ ns`q > nf& + `q nsoN‽ > nf& + oNő nsBv_ > nf& + Bv_ nsNx_ > nf& + Nx_ Kbs@vi > Kbf& + @vi nsNXm > nf& + NXm

ns@xY© > nf& + @xY© w@sjgw‷Î > w@f& + jgwūÎ waØ qsjgv > waØ qf& + jgv wj`sjg > wj`f& + jg wnsb > wnm& + b nsi¸v > nf& + i¸v nsBd© > nf& + Bd© nsN_ > nf& + N_ nsB > nf& + B nsc_ > nf& + c_ nscy ± > nf& + cy ± nsi¸Y > nf& + i¸Y nj© snbv > nj© f& + nbv nsb_ > nf& + b_

ÜÄÚ-Fi †¸‡Â LÄvm >

Lr + vm LwÄw_ >

Lr + w w_



=<

Ö-Fi †¸‡Â LÖ‒ _ > Lr + ô_ LÖ_ > Lr > b_ _wÖ_ > _g& + wb_ LÖvi > Lr + bviaÖw_ > ag& + bw_

r-Fi †¸‡Â _r@vo > _g& + @vo ôr@¤ÿ > ôg& + @¤ÿ ôrwa× > ôg& + wa× _rai > _g& + ai

_rnf > _g& + nf ôr¯ÿ※gm > ôg& + ¯ÿ‿gm ¸zr@v_i > ¸zk& + @v_i ¸zrwaavnv > ¸zk& + waavnv

ñ / ü j‒ wñ > j‒ d& + w_ Kv@… ñ > Kv@… d& + _ dü > dd& + U

wjnN©nwÔÜIÚ @vi Uv@‡o

n‡g¨v]v_ > ng¨t + ]v_ K@z ‡_vhq > K@z _t + hq f‡mvNvfx > fmt + Nvfx n‡g¨vB‒ _ > ng¨t + B‒ _ cra‡ivmvw¯ > crait + mvw Î f‡mvbi > fmt + bi f‡mvif > fmt + if _‡avjm > _at + jm f‡mviU > fmt + iU f‡mvmqm > fmt + mqm f‡mv‡cvN > fmt + †cvN n‡ivji > nit + ji n‡iv] > nit + ] f‡mv] > fmt + ] w_‡ivkvm > w_it + kvm w_‡ivhvj > w_it + hvj K‡kvNw_ > Kkt + Nw_ f‡mvN_ > fmt + N_

j‡qv‡]¨ü > jqt + †]¨ü Â‡qvg` > Âqt + g` w`‡iv‡gf > wìt + †g` w`‡ivkvc© > wìt + kvc© f‡mvmx_ > fmt + mx_ K‡kvjgm > Kkt + jgm

n‡ivji > nit + ji f‡mvhvj > fmt + hvj M‡_vf‡k¨ > M_t + f‡k¨ n‡g¨vfy ± > ng¨t + fy ± w`‡ivi_¥ > wìt + i_ő c‡`vwoëv > c`t + woëv c‡`vovh > c`t + ovh ay ‡ivwb_ > ay it + wb_ K‡kvfyD > Kkt + fyD K‡kvNvfx > Kkt + Nvfx K‡qvfq > Kqt + fq K‡kv‡iD > Kkt + †iD

`/d/n-Fi cy ±jY© cy ±j‡ Y© i åiè ‡_ `/n/d Uv@‡o

Ü`Ú-Fi cy ± jY© a~Y© ÷※gª > a~Y© t + W‿gª wmw÷_ > wmt + wW_

_iè[vqv > _ièt + [vqv gy w÷‷Î v > gyt + wWūÎ v wì‡÷g > wìt + †[g wm÷q > wmt + Wq gy ÷wiÂ > gyt + WwiÂ wmw÷gª > wmt + w[gª wm÷o > wmt + Wo

wmw÷‷Î>

wmt + wWūÎ wmw÷þ > wmt + wWþ wm÷za > wmt + Wza wm‡÷vñ > wmt + †Wñ wm‡÷_m > wmt + †W_m

ÜnÚ-Fi cy ± jY© w_i¯‥vi > w_it + @vi ay i¯‥vi > ay it + @vi mf¯‥vi > mft + @vi ‡`ª q¯‥i > † ª qt + @i c`¯‥i > c`t + @i fm¯‥vf > fmt + @vf hv¯‥i > hvt + @i jvW¯ÿw_ > jvWt + aw_ wm Î vi > wmt + _vi fm Î va > fmt + _va ‡_]¯‥i > †_]t + @i Kv¯ÿg© > Kvt + ag

gy Îi > gyt + _i wm‡¯Î ] > wmt + †_] M_ Î _ > M_t + __ Kk Î m > Kkt + _m Kv wj®‥vi > Kvwjt + @vi wm¯ÿwÀ > wmt + awÀ wm®ÿm‽ > wmt + amő W_z ‡®‥vY > W_zt + †@vY ‡_]w¯q > †_]t + wºq mh Î o > mht + _o

ÜdÚ-Fi cy ± jY© wm®‥vi > wmt + @vi gy ®‥f© > gyt + @f©

Kvwj®@… _ > Kvwjt + @… _ wmúo > wmt + lo

jwb®@… _> jw

bt + @… _ W_z ‡®‥vY>

W_zt + †@vYkmy ñ´vi > kmyt + Z´vi êv_… ®ÿy Â > êv_zt + ay Â W_z ®ÿg > W_zt + ag Kvqy ®‥vo > Kvqyt + @vo wm®ÿva > wmt + ava wm®‥vf > wmt + @vf Kvwj®‥vi > Kvwjt + @vi gy ®ÿvW¨ > gyt + avW¨

gy ®‥vc© > gyt + @vc© wmüz i > wmt + Xy i wmüv > wmt + Xv W_z ñq > W_zt + ñq wm÷q > wmt + Wq gy w÷‷Î v > gyt + wWūÎ v wmw÷gª > wmt + w[gª wì‡÷g > wìt + †[g

W_z ñq > W_zt + Zq kmy ñ´vi > kmyt + Z´vi wmüz i > wmt + Xy i

ÜiÚ-Fi †¸‡Â ay miwa > ay mt + Kwa ay mivN_ > ay mt + KvN_ RN© _ > ¯Rt + N_ fv_‡g© wb > fv_t + †gwb wmk© m > wmt + km jÔz ivN_ > jÔzt + KvN_kmy wj© g¨v > kmyt + wjg¨v aØ v_ièÄvm > aØ v_t + LÄvm

K‷Î i¾ > KūÎt + K¾ a~ mj© vi > a~ mt + jvi

wmh© q > wmt + hq wmY© q > wmt + mq wmj© v@ > wmt + jv@ wmivag > wmt + Kvag K‷Î c©vfx > KūÎt + cvfx aØ vgy h© vj > aØ vgyt + hvj Kvwjh© vj > Kvwjt + hvj ‡]¨vw_f© q > †]¨vw_t + fq gy ivWvi > gyt + KvWvi gy jx© wm_ > gyt + jxwm_ gy o©B¨ > gyt + oB¨ wmc© v_m > wmt + cv_m wmf© o > wmt + fo K‷ÎN© _ > KūÎt + N_ K‷Îk©vm > KūÎt + kvm Kbwm© ` > Kbt + wm` Kbib > Kbt + Kb W_z g© ` > W_zt + g`

W_z ‡gvov > W_zt + †gvov W_z fy © D > W_zt + fyD W_z hy © ] > W_zt + hy ] gy j© vi > gyt + jvi



=:

gy wg© m > gyt + wgm gy g© f > gyt + gf g y ‡j© vk > gyt + †jvk wmiè‡ÓN > wmt + L‡ÓN wmQ© i > wmt + Qi gy ij¯ v > gyt + Kj v gyN© w_ > gyt + Nw_ gy i‷Î > gyt + KūÎ wmg© q > wmt + gq wm]© m > mt + ]may mivq > ay mt + Kvq aØ v_iv` > aØ v_t + Kv` jwbN© _ > jwbt + N_ ay mj© vi > ay mt + jvi

K‷Î g© vb > KūÎt + gvb Kv`xj© vg > Kv`xt + jvg wmB© v_ > wmt + Bv_ wmim‽ > wmt + Kmő wmiv@vi > wmt + Kv@vi wmivfv > wmt + Kv`v jwbi¾ > jwbt + K¾ jwbwiw※gª q > jwbt + Mw‿gª q wmixb > wmt + Ab wmix¸Y > wmt + A vY wmièavq > wmt + Lavq wmièafv > wmt + Lafv gy iv`v > gyt + Kv`v gy ièw± > gyt + Lw±

gy ièWvc© > gyt + LWvc© gy iƝb > gyt + Lb gy iv_¥v > gyt + Kv_¥v ‡]¨vw_wiw※g ª q > †]¨vw_t + Mw‿gª q K‷Î iv_¥v > KūÎt + Kv_¥v K‷Î wi_ > KūÎt + M_ K‷Î wi_ > KūÎt + M_ K‷Î wiw※gª q > KūÎt + Mw‿gª q K‷Î ix¸v > KūÎ + A¸v K‷Î ixa > KūÎt + Aaay mivwk@vi > ay mt + Kwk@vi ay mièÄvm > ay mt + LÄvmay mièw± > ay mt + Lw± K‷Î ‡h© gx > KūÎt + †hgx

K‷Î f© vky c© > KūÎt + fvky c© K‷Î c© vfx > KūÎt + cvfx K‷Î ox© m > KūÎt + oxm gyN‒ _ > gyt + N_

gy B© Zmv > gyt + BZmv gy ]©m > gyt + ]m jwb]© Nr > jwbt + ]Nr wmwg© ñ > wmt + wgñ W_z wg© @ > W_zt + wg@ wmk© viY > wmt + kviY W_zk© v > W_zt + kv gy wm© jvi > gyt + wmjvi gy j© b > gyt + jb wmj© v@ > wmt + jv@ K‷Î h~ ± > KūÎt + h~ ± gy h© vN¨ > gyt + hvN¨ wmf© vY > wmt + fvY jwbfy © D > jwbt + fyD wmc© v_m > wmt + cv_m gy ‡c© vN > gyt + †cvN

wmo© ² > wmt + o² gy o© h > gyt + oh K‷Î wb© _ > KūÎt + wb_ K‷Î ]© Nr > KūÎt + ]Nr K‷Î Ë© vY > KūÎt + ËvY K‷Î ]© o > KūÎt + ]o K‷Î wm© wb_ > KūÎt + wmwb_ K‷Î j© _x > KūÎt + j_x© W_z ‡g© vov > W_zt + †gvov W_z fy © D > W_zt + fyD W_z ivmm > W_zt + Kvmm W_z ‡j© g > W_zt + †jg W_z wj© k > W_zt + wjk ‡]¨vw_wj© g > W_zt + wjg gy iwhnwÔ > gyt + KwhnwÔ gy mx© w_ > gyt + mxw_ gyN© w_ > gyt + Nw_ gyN© _ > gyt + N_

gy ij¯ v > gyt + Kj v gy i‷Î > gyt + KūÎ gy ig‒ wñ > gyt + g‒ wñ gy ‡Ë© q > gyt + †Ëq

gy g© `v > gyt + g`v gy g© v‷Î > gyt + gvūÎ gy j© b > gyt + jb gy h© vN¨ > gyt + hvN¨ gy o©j > gyt + oh wmi¸i > wmt + K¸i wmi´z ` > wmt + K z ` wmiaivk > wmt + Kaivk wmiwhfvm > wmt + Kwhfvm wmio´vi > wmt + Ko´vi wmièwÓN‽ > wmt + LwÓNő wmN© _ > wmt + N_ wmB© v_ > wmt + Bv_ wm]© ov > wmt + ]ov

wm]x© j > wmt + ]xj wm‡g© vd > wmt + †gvd wmj© vb > wmt + jvb wm‡j© g > wmt + †jg wmY© q > wmt + mq wmhx© @ > wmt + wh@ wmf© vY > wmt + fvY wm‡f© vb > wmt + †fvb wmf~ © o > wmt + f~ o wmc© vn > wmt + cvn wmwo© Õ > wmt + woÕ wm‡o©vh > wmt + †ovhay mwf© om > ay mt + wfom ay mh© vj > ay mt + hvjay miè²xwj _ > ay mt + L²xwj_ay mièrawÀ > ay mt + LrawÀ

ay miè ¢ j>

ay mt + Lℭ¢ jay mièÖvi > ay mt + LÖvi ay mivN_ > ay mt + KvN_ay mivj‒ wÀ > ay mt + Kvj‒ wÀ ay mivNfm > ay mt + KvNfm jwbivN_ > jwbt + KvN_ jwbivjiY > jwbt + KvjiY jwbN© _ > jwbt + N_ jwbÓ© vi > jwbt + Óvi jwb© jvwY]¨ > jwbt + jvwY]¨ jwb© h~ _ > jwbt + h~ _

wj nN© wX@ Uv‡@ Ffm K‷Ît@iY > KūÎt + @iY K‷Ît‡@vY > KūÎt + †@vY K‷Îtºxev > KūÎt + ºxev Kkta_m > Kkt + a_m

K‷Îtay i > KūÎt + ay i K‷Îtnwoov > KūÎt + nw oov K‷Ît`xo > KūÎt + `xo M_ta~ ‡j© > M_t + a~ ‡j© Kktºf > Kkt + ºf Kkt‡¸a > Kkt + †¸a K_tai > K_t + ai nwÔi †¸‡Â nj †W‡q ³iè_¡a~Y© b‡ov wmav_‡m wnÖ nwÔ I wj‡`d wmq‡f nvwk_ nwÔ| wmav_‡m wnÖ ¯RinwÔ nf~ b b‡ov? @z o + KZv > @z oZv †Nv + K¸ > Njv ¸

aØ + Jp > †a․ p Km¨ + Km¨ > Km¨m¨ fv_© > K× > fv_©× åÖ + Igm > å‡Övgm R + Ai > ‣ R i R+ AwiYx> • R wiYx †Nv + M‿gª > N‡j‿gª †Nv + A ¦ i > N‡j ¦ i K¸ + JwbYx > K‡¸․ wbYx i± + Iü > i‡±vü nxfm + K_ > nxfūÎ `vi + K¾ > `vi¾ g` + HY > g © vY wj‡`d wmq‡f nvwk_ j¨Ìm nwÔ nf~ b Lr + vm > LÄvm nf + @vi > ns¯‥vi|

Lr + w _ > LwÄ_ Lr + vam > LÄvam| nf& + @… _ > ns¯‥… _ awi + @vi > awi®‥vi|



=8

nf& + @… w_ > ns¯‥… w_ awi + @… _ > awi®‥… _ | @_@³‡ov nwÔ wmav_‡m wnÖ bq| †cfm - Kv + Wc© > Kv÷c© †Nv + ag > † Nv®ÿg jm + aw_ > jm¯ÿw_ j‒ br + aw_ > j‒ b¯ÿw_| _r + @i > _¯‥i ai + ai > ai¯ÿi| fmn + Adv > fmxdv dZ& + g` > †dve`|

F@ + g` > F@vg` ‡Nv+ c > Nj¨ ‡m․ + c > mvj¨ wj¤R + Iü > wj‡¤R vü a_r + KÌwo > a_Ìwo M_¨vwg|

nfvn

wjdq whwÀ@ Kv‡ovWmv nfv‡ni aØ wºqvq nfvnjÖ jv nfvnwm®ÿmő agwZi mvf nf¯Î

ag |

nf¯Î ag jv nfvnjÖ agw Zi KūÎN© _ ag³‡ov‡@ nfn¨fvm ag j‡o|

nfvncy ± a‡gi aØUf Ks` (`á)-†@ jov bq a~ j© ag Fjs aij_x© Ks` (`á)-†@ jov bq LÀiag jv aiag |

nf¯Î ag‡@ †h‡E †c jv@¨vs` @iv bq, _vi mvf nfvnjv@¨ , j¨vnjv@¨ jv wjNØ bjv@¨ |

³iè_¡a~Y© w@[z nfv‡ni LgvbiY

Ó※Ó nfvn ;. wfomvU© @ `á‡cv‡N ? fv-jva, fvwn-wawn, w]¡m-aix, Wv- wj¯‥z Z M_¨vwg|

=. wj‡ivkvU© @ `á‡cv‡N ? gv-@z fev, Kwb-m@z o, ¯RN© -mi@ M_¨vwg|

1. wjaix_vU© @ `á‡cv‡N ? Kvq-j¨q, ]fv-DiW, †[vZ -je,†[‡o - jy ‡ev, ovh -†ov@nvm M_¨vwg|

<. K¾jvW@ `á‡cv‡N ? bv_-av, mv@-@vm, jy @-waX, fvUv-fy×z, mv@-fyD M_¨vwg|

:. nsD¨vjvW@ `á‡cv‡N ? nv_-au vW, mq-[q, nv_- n‡_i, Jwm`-wj` M_¨vwg|

8. nfvU© @ `á‡cv‡N ? bvZ-jv]vi, Bi-gy qvi, @o-@viDvmv,†fv oó v- † f ․ owh, Dv_v-aÂ M_¨vwg|

6. Koy @ Ó※Ó ? †c Ó‿Ó nfv‡n †@v‡mv nfn¨fvm a‡gi wjhw± †ova bq mv, _v‡@ Koy @ Ó‿Ó j‡o| †cfm - gy ‡k - hv‡_, ]‡o - ¯ ‡o, †g‡` - wj‡g‡`, bv‡_ - @o‡f|

3. jðagx Ó※Ó ? w_m jv jð a‡g Ó‿Ó nfvn b‡o _v‡@ jðagx Ó‿Ó nfvn j‡o| †cfm ? nv‡bj -wjwj-†Nvovf, bv_ -avmv@- fyD-†WvD M_¨vwg|

9. Km¨vm¨? @vae- ‡Wvae, †av@v -fv@e, gqv-fvqv, ky w_-Wvgi, cv- _v, †c - ‡n, cUv -_Uv, _z wf- Kvwf, FDv‡m -†nDv‡m, †gDv -

†`vmv, cvIqv -Kvnv, Wov-†liv, †gIqv -†mIqv, kx‡i - ny ‡¯ , Kv‡N -av‡[, Kv@v‡i - Mw¾‡_, hvo - f‿g, @f - ‡jw`, Kvno - m@o, jvw@- j‡@qv M_¨vwg|

@f© kviq nfvn

fk¨ag‡ovax @f©kviq wnsb wWwþ_ Kvnm > wnsbvnm nvwb_¨ wjdq@ nhv> nvwb_¨nhv ¯§‒ w_ i¸v‡U© †n․k > ¯§‒ w_‡n․k @u vWvwfXv > cv @u vWv _vM wfXv mxov@v` > mxo †c Kv@v` fbvmjx > fbvm †c mjx fbv]m > fbvm †c ]m fbv@vj¨ > fbv †c @vj¨ fbv_@© > fbv †c _@© `v ūÎ-w`ñ > ‡c `vūÎ †nM w`ñ Wvov@-W_z i > ‡c Wvov@ †nM W_z i

Lafvm @f© kviq êfi@… ý > †@` êf‡ii m¨vq @… ý _z dviåê > _z dv‡ii m¨vq åê

KièYiv¾v > Kiè‡Yi m¨vq ivEv @v]o@v‡ov > @v]‡oi m¨vq @v‡ov @z ny f‡@vfo > @z ny ‡fi m¨vq †@vfo _z dvi-`x_o > _z dv‡ii m¨vq `x_o gy°kjo > gy ‡°i m¨vq kjo j]ª @‡Xvi > j‡]ª i m¨vq @‡Xvi i±ovo > i‡±i m¨vq ovo

Lawf_ @f© kviq fyDW※gª > fyD W‡‿gª i m¨vq ay ièdwnsb > ay ièd wns‡bi m¨vq

WiY@fo > WiY @f‡oi m¨vq W※gª fyD > fyD W‡‿gª i m¨vq Wu vgjgm > Wu v‡gi m¨vq jgm ay ièdwnsb > ay iè d wns‡bi m¨vq lz o@z fvix > @z fvix lz ‡oi m¨vq jvðo_v > jvð o_vi m¨vq

iƝa@ @f© kviq †ºvkvmo > †ºvk wjdvgwnÔz > wjdvg iƝa wnÔz fmfvwQ > fm iƝa fvwQ aØ vYavwD > aØ vY iƝa avwD ‡c․jmn~ c© > ‡c․jm iƝa n~ c© ‡ºvkvmo > ‡ºvk iƝa Kmo fmfvwQ > hw± iƝa fvwQ fm‡jwe > fm iƝa †jwe

‡fvbwmgª v > ‡fvbiƝa wmgª v ‡`v@vmo > ‡`v@ iƝ a Kmo _ray ièd nfvn

wÓ_xqv _ray ièd nfvn gytDaØ vÕ, wjagvamő, ai‡ov @N_

_… _xqv _ray iè d nfvn fmNev, `ª foì, fky fvDv, kmvS¨, F‡@vm, wjg¨vbxm, Ëvm`~ m¨, ¯RY© fw×_, bxi@DwW_, W‿gmWwW© _, i_ő ‡`vwh_ M_¨vwg|



=6

W_yUx© _ray ièd nfvn³iè hw±, Kvivf‡@gviv, jn_jvwe, wj‡qavNov , [vÂvjvn, Vv@fvåo, †Wvd@vN], w`åf¾o, fy nvwliDvmv, b]¡cvÂv, fvo³gvf, ivmő vBi, fva@vwX, †f‡q¯‥z o, jvwo@v -wjg¨voq,avNovNvig M_¨vwg|

aÍfx _ray ièd nfvnDu vWv[vev, wjov_‡li_ , ¯‥y oavov‡mv, †]ofy ± , †]oDvovn,

†ju vZvDnv, KvNv‡Nvev, vafy ±, HYfy± M_¨vwg| düx _ray ièd nfvn

WvjvNvm, iv]ay Â, †DqvBvZ , [vÂnfv], †g`‡njv, wgo x ¦ i, ju vgimvW, avZ‡¸_, [wjBi, †Bve‡g․e, ¦ åijvwe, wjevo[vmv M_¨vwg|

nÕfx _ray ièd nfvn jv@aZz, †Nvovhiv, _vo@vmv, K@vof‒ _z ¨, wj ¦ wjD¨v_, †hv]maZz, gvmjxi, jv¶jw‿g, j ¯Î vaWv, iv_@vmv, fmfiv M_¨vwg|

m\ _ray ièd nfvn

KmvWvi, Kmvgi, mvw_gxB© , mvw_Dj© , Khvj, †j_vo , mvfÌy i, Kvoy wm, mv‡[ve, Kmvjvgx M_¨vwg|

Laag _rayièd nfvn n_¨jvgx, M‿gª w]r, †[‡okiv, kvfvkiv, a‡@Zfvi, av_vWvZv, bvehv¾v, fvw[fviv, [vi‡av@v, Bi‡avev, jY© ‡Wviv, Nov@vZv, av- WvZv, avev‡jevmx, [v -†avdv M_¨vwg|

Koy @ _ray ièd nfvn @‡oi Nvm, Niè i Nvwe, fvfvi jvwe, Nv‡mi Kvni M_¨vwg|

wÓ³ nfvn wÂ@vo, †W․iv ¯Î v, †_fv Uv, Kñkv_z, W_z i¾, wÂ‡fvwbmx, †_imgx,aÍh~ _, nv_nfy gª, `_váx, aÍjZx, wÂlov, aÍmg, M_¨vwg|

jðjª xwb nfvn

nfvmvwk@iY jðjª xwb b_ ª x, Dv`‡f]v] , ô_nj© ¯R, LWw`i, ax_v Ri, mxo@É,]jigw Î, ny `xo, ny ª x, jgjD&_, @fjD& _ M_¨vwg|

j¨vwk@iY jðjª xwb

Kv`xwjd, @Uvnj© ¯R, gy @vm@vZv, †ju vZvDnv , [v-†avdv, av -WvZv,av_v‡[u ev. kvfvkiv M_¨vwg|

j¨w_bvi jðjª xwb bv_vbvw_, @vmv@vwm, Wy ovWz wo, @vev@vwe, NvovNvwo, †gDv‡gwD,† @vov@z wo, ovXvovwX, bvnvbvwn, ³u _v³w_, By dvBy wd M_¨vwg|

m\& jðjªxwb KËvm, †j‡bV, mvWvi , wmhy © o, mv]vmv, K]vmv, mvb@, wmièavq, wmQ© ÊvZ, Kjy Q, K‡@‡]v, †j -a‡ivqv, †jðu `, KmūÎ, †j_vi

M_¨vwg|

fk¨ag‡ovax jðjª xwb wjevo‡WvDx, bv‡_Dwe , Nv‡q boy g, †fwmfy ‡Dv, wje vov¸x , f‒Nmqmv, w_wfi@z ūÎov, Kkiaoójx M_¨vwg|

aØ _¨qv‷Î jðjª xwb F@‡WvDv , Bify ‡Dv , †gvZvmv, †gvfmv, F@³u ‡q, K‡@‡]v, F@B‡i,†gvmov, †gv_ov, Jmau v]y ‡i M_¨vwg|

Koy @ jðjªxwb

fvUvqavNwe, NovqNvf[v, bv‡_ - [we, @v‡m - @of, Nv‡q -aev, bv‡_ - ‡jwe, fvUvq - [u v_v, fy ‡D - hv _, @v‡m -Dv‡Zv M_¨vwg|

nsD¨vjW@ jðjª xwb g`Nw], †W․Wvov , Wvibvw_, †_avqv , †n_vi M_¨vwg|

wmav_‡m wnÖ (†@v‡mv wmq‡fi Kkx‡m mq) jðjª xwb Óxa, K ūÎN©_ Ka cvi > K ūÎ ixa, miaå, ]xjm¥‒ _, aw× _f~D© M_¨vwg|

Kj¨qxhvj nfvn

La@É, La@~ o, aØ w_ wgm, aØ w_ ¸‡Y, Kmy ¸Y , wmivwfd, wmh© vjmv, wm]© o, wmièrnvb, Kvnfy gª wbfvWo, Kvavgf Î @, La`bi, LaNØ b, Lajm, cUvixw_, cUvnvk¨, cUvwjwk, cUv‡cvN¨ , L‡Óo, L[‒ Do ,aØ w_@~ o, Kmykvjm, Kvm_, Kviw±f, LaNØ b, Lamgx, awia~Y© ,

n¤ÿ~Y©, a‡iv¸ , aØ wa_vfb, aØ w_[vqv, aØ w_[wj, aª w_wj¤R,aØ w_a¸, aØ_z Ài M_¨vwg|

aØvwg nfvnaØ jWm, awiêfY, Kmy _va, aØ hv_, aØNw_ M_¨vwg|

wm_¨ nfvnNØ vfv ūÎ i, g © mfvÂ, N‒ bvūÎ i, @vonva, Kvfiv, wjivmjųM M_¨vwg|

kųwm I jY© LWviY vm Kmy cvqx jvsov j¨Ìmkųwmi wjhvN

LWviY ¯ vm

j¨Ìmkųwmi jY© nf~ b

LWiY ¯ vm Kmy cvqx mvf

w]bųvf~ o

KNØ _voya÷vr gūÎ f~ o KNØ g ūÎ f~ oIü

@ D N B E W [ ] Q \ ` c q Z X V S Y d i e p _ U g k m o na l j h f

@É¨ jv w]bųvf~ oxq jY©

_voj¨ jY© f~k© m¨ jv a÷vr g ūÎ f~ oxq jY© g ūÎ ¨ jY© jv KNØ gūÎf~ oxq jY© Iü¨ jY©



=3

- KîaØ vY I fbvaØ vY Fjs †Bvd I K‡Bvd kųwm - LWvi Y ¯ vm

K‡Bvd (veiajdjss) †Bvd (veiajl)

(;) KîaØ vY

(Zbkspirjl)

(=) fbvaØ vY(Kspirj

l)

(1) KîaØ vY

(Zbkspirjl)

(<) fbvaØ vY(Kspirj

l)

(:) mvwn@

¨

@ß @ D N B E

_voy W [ ] Q \ f~k© v Z V S Y g ‷Î _ U g k mI a l j h f

K ‡ B v d † B v d

_ v e m

] v _

@ ¤ ÿ m ] v _

a v w ` ¦ © @

L ® § / w ` `

K ‷ Î t ¯

@ D N B mvwn@¨ E

e i o ` c

W [ ] Q \ p Kmy mvwn@ d i

Z X V S Y aiv`ª qx s n o _ U g k m s b j

a l j h f t

fvÂv jY© a~Y© fvÂv Kk© fvÂv fvÂvbxm

¯R ijY© 8 ; < j¨ÌmjY© =8 6 8

‡fvZ 1= 3 ;7P La‡ii [‡@i wjdqvwg jv‡gI kųwm jY© nf~ ‡bi mvf wm‡q wjwhmő

i@f aØ ő b‡q Uv‡@| Fn‡ji LÀi †gIqvi ]m¨ wm‡Wi nsËv³‡ov†g‡D wmm|^

¯ÿ`© kųwm - @ †U‡@ f ac© ūÎ =:wZ kųwm‡@ ¯ÿ © kųwm j‡o|

K‡Bvd kųwm - †c kųwm LWvi‡Yi KvIqv‡] Nv¤¢ xc© Kv‡n mv †nnj kųwm‡@ K‡Bvd kųwm j‡o| ‡cfm - @, W, Z, _, a|

m vwn@¨ kųwm -†c kųwm LWvi‡Yi nfq mv@ wg‡q jv_vn

†ji bq _v‡@ mvwn@¨ kųwm j‡o|‡cfm - E, \, Y , m , f| _vem]v_ kųwm - w]bjv wg‡q g u v‡_i f~ ‡o KvBv_ @‡i ‡c

kųwm LWviY @iv bq _v‡@ _vem]v_ kųwm j‡o| e p| @¤ÿm]v_ kųwm - w]bjvi KNØ hvN @w¤ÿ_ @‡i F kųwm

LWvwi_ bq j‡o F‡@ @¤ÿm]v_ kųwm j‡o| i|avw ¦ © @ kųwm -†c kųwm LWvi‡Yi nfq w]bjvi gy Mav`

wg‡q jvqy †ji bq _v‡@ avw ¦ © @ kųwm j‡o| o| w`` kųwm -†c jY© LWvi‡Yi nfq w`` † gIqvi f ‡ _v

KvIqv] bq _v‡@ w`` kųwm j‡o| `, d, n|

L®§/w`` kųwm -†c jY© LWvi‡Yi nfq aØ Wz i jv_vn(L®§) j¨jô_ bq _v‡@ L®§ jY© jov bq| `, d, n, b|

K ‷Ît¯ kųwm - LWvi‡Yi wg@ †U‡@ ¯ÿ © kųwm I L®§kųwmi fk¨j_© x kųwm‡@ KūÎt kųwm j‡o| c, i, o, j|

aiv ª qx kųwm -†c kųwm Km¨ kųwmi nvbvc¨ [vev LWvwi_ b‡_ av‡i mv _v‡@ aiv ª qx kųwm j‡o|

Kmy mvwn@ jY© -†c jY© _vi aij_© x j‡Y© i LWviY‡@ mvwn@¨ @‡i †nM jY© ‡@ Kmy mvwn@ jY© j‡o|

B‒ ñ jY© - W,[,],Q FM WviwZ jY© ‡@ B‒ ñ jY© jov bq|

wmoxm jY© - K-†@ wmoxm jY© jov bq| @vi- R ij‡Y© i nsw¸Õ iƝa‡@ @vi j‡o| @v‡ii nsD¨v

;7wZ| ÜKÚ [vev nj@wZ R ij‡Y© i @vi bq| lov- j¨Ìmj‡Y© i nsw¸Õ iƝa‡@ lov j‡o| lov 8wZ|

cUv- m, f, c, i, o, j|

ay ièd I ¯µxjvW@ `á

@¬ xj wo¾jvW@ `á ? ay iè d KUjv µ x †@vmwZ †jvQvq mv| LgvbiY -avbve, †Zwjo, jM, Nv[, lo M_¨vwg| Lhqwo¾jvW@ `á ? ¯µ x Fjs ay iè d LhqM †jvQvq| LgvbiY ? Vv±vi, w`îx, @wj, avwD, nū vm, w`å, ³iè, w`w _ M_¨vwg| wm_¨ µ x jvW@ `á ? Kk© vw¾mx, @z oZv, wjkjv, na_ő x, Kn~ c© ¤ÿ`¨v, n_xm, Ki¸Yxqv, u vDWz wmő, @ow´mx, KūÎtnÀ¡ v , nrfv, nkjv,F‡qv, gvM, VvMwm M_¨vwg| wm_¨ ay ièd jvW@ `á ? LgvbiY- @wjiv], Sv@x, @… _gvi, K@… _gvi, ivñªaw_, †cvÖv, †nmvaw_, goaw_ M_¨vwg|

wj‡`d wmq‡f nvwk_ ay ièd I µ xjvW@ `á ? nhvaw_- nhv‡mÂx w`¸@-w`¸wqÂx ‡ ª v_v - ‡ ª vÂx

kv_v-kvÂx fbr-fb_x ³Yjvm-³Yj_x

nr-n_x iƝajvm - iƝaj_x ª xfvm- ª xfw_

jy wÖfvm-jy wÖf_x Nixqvm-Nwiqnx nfª vZ-nfª vËx

iv]v-ivËx iv]v-ivYx ¦ åi- ¦ våwe

wj‡g`x ay ièd I µ xjvW@ `á ? Dvm-Dvmf, fig- ‡]mvmv, fv‡o@ - fv‡o@v, fy b_vwif -fy b_vwifv, ny o_vm-ny o_vmv|

@_@³‡ov ay iè djvW@ `‡ái gy ‡Zv @‡i ¯µ x jvW@ `á i‡q‡[? ‡gji -mmg/]v, hvM- ‡jvm/hvwj, w`¸@ - w`¸wqÂx/ w`¸@a_ő x, jÔz- jvÔjx/jÔza_ő x, gvgv - gvwg/†j․wg M_¨vw g| M@v aØ _¨q? ¸z ‡gª K‡U© M@v aØ _¨q †cvN bq| ‡cfm? mvZ@ -mvwZ@v, fvov-fvwo@v, Nxw_-Nxw_@v, ay ¯Î @-ay w¯Î @v, F@v´-F@vw´@v,F³‡ov µ x jvW@ aØ _¨q mq0 z gª vU© @ aØ_¨q|



11

jvsov nvwb‡_ï M w_bvn

jvsov nvwb‡_ï cyNwjhvN t jvsov nvwb‡_ï Mw_bv‡ni gxB© nfq@vo‡@ w_mwZ cy ‡N hvN @iv bq| cUv? @. aØ vWxm cyN 8:7 wDª?- ;=77 wDª? (V. fy b¤§g `bxgy oó vbi f ‡ _)9:7 wDª ñvá †U‡@ ;=77 wDª? (V. ny mxw _ @z fv ‡ii f‡_),

D. fk¨cyN ;=7; wDª?- ;377 wDª?,N. Kvky wm@ cyN ;37; wDª?- Kvky wm@ @vo ac© ūÎ|

F[vev jvsov hvdvq aw× ‡_iv KviI gy wZ cyN wWwþ_ @‡i‡[m -(i) KÔ@vi cyN (;=7;-;1:7) ;:7 j[i|

(ii) cyN nwÔ¸Y (;687-;387) ;77 j[i|

aØ vWxm cyN7;. jvsov nvwb‡_ï aØ vWxm_f I aØ vWxm cy ‡Ni F@fvÂ wmg © m

Wc© vag|7=. Wc© va‡gi Kvwg mvf Wc© vWc© wjwm÷q jv Wc© vNxw_‡@vd|71. Wc© vag b‡ov †j․Ö nbw]qv n¤aØgv‡qi kf© xq Nv‡mi ns@om|

ns‡¸‡a Wc© vag nsºv‷Î _U¨

7;. Wc© va‡gi †fvZ ag w[o - :; wZ|7=. biaØ nvg `v µ x @_© ‒ @ Kvwj®@… _ ag nsD¨v- <8; / = wZ|71. Wc© va‡gi †fvZ ag@_© v jv @wj - Wwjų`]m (=< ]m)|7<. Wc© va‡g nj‡W‡q †j`x ag iWmv @‡im †@ - @vþav (;1wZ)|

7:. Wc© va‡gi Kvwg @wj - oy M av|78. Wc© va‡gi aØUf agwZi iWwq_v - oy Mav|76. Wc© va‡gi jvEvwo iWwq_v - `ji av|

Kvwj®‥vi I aØ @v`

7;| Wc© vag Kvwj®‥vi @‡im - biaØ nvg `v µ x †mav‡oi iv]gijv‡ii ay u wU`vov †U‡@| (;976 nv‡o)

7=| ;9;8 nv‡o @o@v_v j¾xq nvwb_¨ awidg †U‡@ biaØ nvg

`v µ xi n¤ÿvgmvq Ýbv]vi j[‡ii ay ivm jvsovhvdvq †j․ÖNvm I †gvbvÑ mv‡f Wc© vag aØ @vw`_ bq|

fk¨cyN;. jvsov wowai Lrn- jªvòxwowa|=. fk¨ cy ‡Ni aØUf @wj - je W×xgvn|

1. fk¨cy ‡Ni aØUf fy nofvm @wj - `vb& fy b¤§g nNxi (MLny l ]y ‡oDv)|

<. Kmy jvg nvwb‡_ï cvÂv å iè bq- @wj @… wÀjvn -Fi fvk¨‡f|:. ivfvqY Kmy jvg @‡im - @wj @… wÀjvn|

8. jvsov nvwb‡_ï Kvwg fk¨cy ‡Ni wmg © m - ª x@… ý@x_© m|6. ª x@… ý@x_© ‡mi iW wq_v- jey W×xgvn|3. je W× xgv‡ni Kvno mvf - Km ūÎ|

9. ª x@… ý@x_© m aØ @vw`_ bq - ;9;8 wDª. (;1=1 j¾vá)|;7. ;1;8 j¾v‡á ju v@z ev †]ovi @u vw@o¨v NØ vf †U‡@

Ü ª x@… ý@x_© ‡mi au y wU Kvwj®@… _ bq|;;. ª x @… ý@x_© ‡mi Kvwj®‥vi@ - jn ūÎ iÌm ivq wjÓÓoó h|;=. au y wU nvwb ‡_ï aØUf nvU© @ @wj - lw@i Nixjy oó vb|;1. wjg¨vaw_ †c hvdvq agvjwo iWmv @‡im - •fwUwo hvdvq|;<. jvsov hvdvq aØUf ivfvqY iWwq_v- @… wÀjvn IQv|;:. fbvhvi‡_i aØUf Kmy jvg @‡im - @jx‿gª ai‡f ¦i

;8. jª ]jy wo S‡E †oDv ijx‿gª mv‡Ui @vj¨ - hvmy wnsb Xv@z ‡iiagvjox|

;6. ivfvq‡Yi f~ o iWwq_v - jvo¥xw@|;3. jvsov nvw b‡_ï cyNnwÔi @vo - ;687 wDª.- ;387 wDª.|;9. jvsov nvwb‡_¨ cyNnwÔi @wj - A ¦ iW‿gª ³Õ|=7. fk¨cy ‡Ni jvsov nvwb‡_ï † ªü @wj - hviW‿gª ivq³Yv@i =;. fk¨cy ‡Ni jvsov nvwb‡_ï aØUf fy nwof @wj - `vb& fy b¤§g

nNxi|==. ÝMLny l ]y ‡oDvÑ @v‡jï iWwq_v - `vb& fy bv¤§g nNxi|

@wj-nvwbw_¨ @‡gi j¨w±N_ _U¨ ìrW※gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

]m¥ - ;:†n‡Ò¤R i ;368 wDª öv‡á ]m¥¯ vm - aw÷fj‡¾i byNwo †]ovi †gjvm‿gay i NØ v‡f| f‒ _y ¨ - ;8 ]vmy qvwi ;913 nv‡o @wo@v_vq, av@© mvwn©s

†bv‡f|

jw´fW※gª W‡Èvavk¨vq ]m¥ - =8 ]y m, ;313wDª? ]m¥¯ vm - @u vXvoavev NØ vf, Wwjų` aiNYv †]ov, aw÷fj¾| f‒ _y ¨ - 3 FwaØ o, ;39<wDª?

ijx※gªmvU Xv@z i ]m¥ - Ms‡iw] ;38; nv‡oi,6 †f|

jvsov ;=83 nv‡oi, =: ‣j`vD| ]m¥¯ vm - @o@v_vi wjD¨v_ Xv@z i awijv‡i|

f‒ _y ¨ - Ms‡iw] ;9<; nv‡oi, 6 KvNö| jvsov-;1<3 nv‡oi, == ª vjY| wa_vi mvf - fbwd© †g‡j‿ gª mvU Xv@z i| wa_vfb - waØ Þ Óvi@vmvU Xv@z i|

mvMZ Lavwk ovh - ;9;: nvo| mvMZ Lavwk _¨vN - ;9;9 nvo| Ms‡i] @_… ©@ avÌv‡ji

Kf‒ _n‡i ]vwoqvmIqvovjvN b_¨v@v‡ × i aØ w_jv‡g| F`xq‡gi f‡k¨ nj© aØUf ‡mv‡jo ay i®‥vi ovh ? ;9;1 nvo|

w_wm †mv‡jo ay i®‥vi avm Nx_vÌwo @v‡jï Ms‡iw] Kmy jv‡gi ]m¨|



1<

@v]x m]ièo Mnovf ]m¥ - =: †f, ;399 wDª?, ;; ‣]¨ü, ;178|

]m¥¯ vm - aw÷fj‡¾i jk© fvm †]ovi Kvnvm‡nvo fb@z fvi Wz iè woqv NØ v‡f|

f‒ _y ¨ - =9 KvNö, ;968, ;= hvgª ;131 cy ‡Ö †cvNgvm Û ;9;6 nv‡o| ‡c cy ‡Ö w_wm †cvNgvm @‡im Û aØUf wj ¦ cy Ö| ‡c aà‡m w_wm cy Ö @‡im Û <9 ms jvEvwo aà‡m @wj g~ iv‡ivN¨ j¨vwk‡_ Kvºv‷Î bm Û <1 j[i jq‡n|

]wbi ivqbvm ]m¥ - ;911 nv‡o|

]m¥¯ vm - ‡l m x †]ovi f]yay i NØ v‡f|

f‒ _y ¨ - ;96= nv‡oi 17 ]vmy qvwi|

ðfvq~ m Kvb‡fg

]m¥ - ;9<3 nv‡oi ;1 m‡h¤R i ]m¥¯ vm - fqfmwnsb †]ovi @z _z jay i NØ v‡f|

f‒ _y ¨ - ;9 ]y ovM =7;=

†iv‡@qv nvDvIqv_ †bv‡nm ]m¥ - 9 wV‡n¤R i ;337|

]m¥¯ vm - wfXvay @z i Uvmvi avqivj‿g NØ v‡f, isay i|

f‒ _y ¨ - 9 wV‡n¤R i ;91=|

aØ fU †W․ky ix

]m¥ - 6 KvNö, ;383| ]m¥¯ vm - c‡`vi †]ov|

‣awÂ@ wmjvn - avjmv †]ovi bwiay i|

f‒ _y ¨ - = †n‡Ò¤Ri, ;9<8|

fvwm@ j‡※g¨vavk¨vq ]m¥ - ;973 wDª öv‡ái ;9 †f|

]m¥¯ vm - wjbv‡ii nu vI_vo aiNYv †]ovi gy f@v `b‡i f‒ _y ¨ - ;9:8 wDª öv‡ái 1 wV‡n¤R i|

wa_…aØ gÀ mvf - aØ ‡jvk@z fvi j‡‿g¨vavk¨vq

fy mxi †W․ky ix ]m¥ - =: m‡h¤R i, ;9=: wDªövá|

]m¥¯ vm - fvwm@NÌ|

‣ awÂ@ wmjvn - ‡mvqvDvwo|

f‒ _y ¨ - ;< wV‡n¤R i, ;96; wDªövá|

fxi f`viil †bv‡nm

]m¥ - ;3<6 wDª övá|

]m¥¯ vm - @z wñqv †]ovq ovwbmx avev| f‒ _y ¨ - ;9;; wDª övá|

fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ ]m¥ - =: ]vmy qvwi, ;3=< wDª öv‡á|

]m¥¯ vm - c‡`v‡ii nvNigu vwe NØ v‡f|

f‒ _y ¨ - =9 ]y m, ;361 wDª öv‡á, @o@v_vq|

ny @v ‷Î hÈvWvc © ]m¥ - ;9=8 wDª öv‡á @o@v_vq ]m¥¯ vm - †NvavoNÌ †]ov q

f‒ _y ¨ - ;9<6 wDª öv‡á fvÂ =; j[i jq‡n

]nxf Lg& gxm ]m¥ - ; ]vmy qvwi ;971 wDªt|

]m¥¯ vm - fv_z ovoq, _v¤Ry oDvmv NØ vf, lwigay i|

f‒ _y ¨ - ;1 fvW© , ;968 wDªt|

liièD Kvbfg ]m¥ - ;9;3 wDªt|

]m¥¯ vm - fv³iv †]ovi fvQ KvMo NØ vf|

f‒ _y ¨ - ;96< wDªt| ny wlqv @vfvo

]m¥ - ;9;; nv‡o ]m¥¯ vm - jwi`vo †]ovi `v‡q ¯Î vjv‡g f‒ _y ¨ - ;999 nv‡oi =7 m‡h¤Ri

`vfny i ivbfvm ]m¥ - =< K‡»vji, ;9=9 wDª övá|

]m¥¯ vm - Sv@vi fvð_Zz wo|

f‒ _y ¨ -;6 KvNö, =778 wDª övá

@wj, nvwbw_¨@‡gi nvwb_¨@f©

nb‡] f‡m ivDvi Lavq

`irW※gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

Lam¨vn jvfy ‡mi †f‡q awiYx_v ª x@v‡ūÎi jiwgwg , _vi wj‡q bq wjaØ gv‡ni

nv‡U| @Uv w[o wjaØ gvn _v‡@ wjiv] †j․ @‡i ivD‡j| w@ū‧ _vi WwiÂbxm ¯R vfx _v‡@ wm®@… w_ wgomv †gmvavImvi ]m¨ _vov@ wgo| _vM ª x@vūÎ I awiYx_vi wa_v W‿gª mvU awÐ_f`vM aoó x nfv‡]i @v‡[ a‡Ui gvwj _z ‡o mj wjkv‡mi ]m¨ †`d aØ ő @io|aoóx nfv‡]i aØkvm åhgv •j@z ‡ßi LM‡oi fvk¨‡f †BvdYv wgo †c,

wjaØ gvn _vi jvN gÀv‡@ †`‡di awiWq mv wg‡o _v‡@ †gjgv‡ni m¨vq nfv] †U‡@ †ji @‡i wg‡q _vi N‒ bgvb @iv b‡j|

# jvfy ‡mi †f‡q, awiYx_v, `ª x@v‷Î, jiwgwg, wjaØ gvn, wjiv]†j․, WwiÂbxm, ¯R vfx, wm®@… w_, †gmvavImv, W※gª mvU, awÐ_f`vM,aoóx nfv], a‡Ui gvwj, mj wjkvm, †`d aØ `‽, åhgv, •j@z ‡ßi

LMo, gÀv, †`‡di awiWq, †gjgvn, N‒ bgvb|



1:

jw´fW※gª W‡È vavk¨vq

Lam¨vn cyNov¾y ixq NØ v‡f jnjvni_ w_m hvM W‿gª ‡`Di , iv]wnsb I @avo-@z Ðovi nv‡U n¤ÿ@© w[o F@M NØ v‡f jnjvni_ w_m †jvm i]mx, f‒Yvwomx , I gy ‡N© `mw‿gmxi| w@ū‧ wjdqwZ ]wfgvi aw_ő †gjx†W․ky ivYxi wm@Z wjdj‒ ¸ f‡m b_| _vM †n Mw‿giv NvÔxi @v‡[

mvwo` @io| w@ū‧ jy wÖfw_ Mw‿giv _vi WºvūÎ jy Q‡_ avi‡omFjs hvj‡om cwg ivkvivYx †aØ f @i‡_ av‡i, cwg nx_vivf @i‡_av‡i _‡j _viv @i‡o †gvd @x5 _vM w_wm _v‡gi nfvkvm @i‡_ Kwh‡cvN@vix I Kwhcy ±‡gi nv‡U wm‡q Kvm‿gf‡X †N‡om|†nDv‡m @… ý@v‡ūÎ i LM‡oi fvk¨‡f w_wm Kwhcy ±‡gi wj‡q wg‡q wg‡om|

# cyNov¾y ixq, W※gª ‡`Di, iv]wnsb, @avo -@z Ðov, i]mx, f‒Yvwomx, gy ‡N© `mw※gmx, †gjx †W․ky ivYx, wjdj‒ ¸, Mw※giv, ivkvivYx,

nx_vivf, Kvm※gfX, @… ý@v‡‷Î i LMo |aØ jÔ @fov@v‡ūÎ i gÕ‡i j¾‡g‡ì @… d@ nfv‡]i nvf¨ aØ w_üv wm‡q wjg¨fvm ibn¨ wm‡q Kv‡ovWmv bq| †nDv‡m †ov@ ibn¨ I wjËvm ibn¨ wjdq@ wjwjk aØ j‡Ôi La‡i Kv‡ovWmv @iv bq| †nDv‡m _viv @… ýWwiÂ I fy wWivf ³‡ei ]xjm WwiÂ Kv‡ovWmvi ]m¨kf© _‡À¡ i Kmy `xom @‡i|

# @fov@v‡‷Î i gÕi, j¾‡g‡ì @… d@, nvf¨, †ov@ ibn¨,

wjËvm ibn¨, wjwjk aØ jÔ, @… ýWwiÂ, fy wWivf ³‡ei ]xjm WwiÂ ,kf© _‡À¡ i Kmy `xom|

Kwfq Wºj_x©

@vj¨NØ ‷ Kwfq _vi bviv‡mv Kw@© V wZi †`v‡@ KwhËvm jnūÎ mvf@ mvZ‡@iDnev iWmv @i‡om| Kj‡`‡d @¬ vūÎ f‡mi avovjg‡oi ]m¨ w_wm

_vi jvwe Kfivj_x‡_ wl‡i †c‡_ WvM‡om| B‡i †livi wgm _v‡@ mgx avivavi b‡_ bo| jvwe wl‡i †gD‡om _vi jvwei fvwZi

†gqvo †h‡E a‡e‡[| †n F@fy ‡Xv fvwZ bv‡_ wm‡q jo‡om Kvfvi Kv_¥wj ¦ vn Kwmt‡`d @viY Kvfvi Kv‡[ ay w®ÿ_ M‡f] |

# bviv‡mv Kw@©V, KwhËvm jn‷Î, Dnev, avovjgo. Kfivj_x, B‡i †livi wgm, avivavi, fvwZi †gqvo, F@fy ‡Xv, Kwmt‡`d,ay w®ÿ_ M‡f]|

Ng¨ iWmv

I‡Nv nv¤aØ w_@ nf‡qi ay ijvnx ifYxiv Wo cvM aU KūÎ bx‡m |

# nv¤aØ w_@, ay ijvnx, Wo cvM, aU K‷Î bx‡m|

ny @v‷Î hÈvWvc© @vj¨

FM Kv@v‡o @wji †Wv‡D By f †mM| @viY FM wf‡X@i v bi_vo-Fi wg‡mI ay wo` †@vm a~ j© vhvn [vevM Kv] Kwhcvm Wvwo‡q _vi [veaÂ I Nxw_³[ wm‡q †N‡[|

# Kv@vo, wf‡X@iv, bi_vo, a~ j© vhvn, Kwhcvm, [veaÂ,

Nxw_³[| ‣nqg Kvox Kvbnvm

@vj¨ jn‡ūÎ i F@ nÔ¨vq (F@@ nÔ¨vq jnūÎ) Wvbvi gi‡j` nbnv nWw@_ b‡q joo Kvwf i]mxNÔv lz o Kvmvi ]m¨ K‡m@ Kv@v` †awi‡q nfy ‡gª M cv‡jv | @viY Kvwf Kvfvi aØ w_wg‡mi `‡á FM Kv@vDvi LWviY åm‡_ av M|

# F@@ nÔ¨vq jn‷Î, Wvbvi gi‡j`, nbnv nWw@_, i]mxNÔv, K‡m@ Kv@v`, nfy ‡gª M cv‡jv, Kvfvi aØ w_wg‡mi `á, LWviY |

‡jNf ny wlqv @vfvo

@vj¨ ny wlqv @vfvo _vi fm I ]xjm wg‡q Kmy hj @‡im †fvi ]vgy ‡gi nfvwk a‡i Kv]I f‒ wÀ@vi BØ vY avM| w@ū‧ w_wm ]v‡mm _viv FM LgvÀ a‒ wUjxi fvqv @v]o _¨vN @‡i nv‡Qi fvqvq Km¨ ]N‡_i KwhcvwÂ@ †gi g‡o †cvN wg‡q‡[|

# fm I ]xjm, †fvi ]vgy ‡gi nfvwk a‡i, f‒ wÀ@vi BØvY, LgvÀa‒ wUjx, fvqv @v]o, nv‡Qi fvqv, KwhcvwÂ@ |

]wbi ivqbvm

Lam¨vn bv]vi j[i k‡i jil Nov mgx i _x‡i †`d wj@v‡oi †f‡q Kv‡i@ lvïy m-Fi _… ývq K‡a¸v @i‡[| _vi F@ZvM w]Ëvnv Kvi

@_wgm @‡q@wZ f‒ _z ï nsjvg åm‡_ b‡j|

# bv]vi j[i k‡i, jil Nov mgx, †`d wj@v‡oi †f‡q, Kv‡i@ lvïy m, _… ýv, Kvi @_wgm, @‡q@wZ f‒ _z ¨|

WowWÂ ‡jðov I Kv‡mvqviv †nvmvi @v]o avjvi jvbvmvq @u v‡Wi †gqvo †h‡¾ n¾f @io| _vbviv ]xjm †U‡@ †mqv wn‡mfv †gD‡_ †c‡q

ovMZ (†oZ †gqvi wj ovMZ )-Fi Khv‡j wn‡mfv †gDv öa @‡i wgo ( öa †]‡mvnvMV )|

# ‡jðov, Kv‡mvqviv, †nvmvi @v]o, jvbvmv, @u v‡Wi †gqvo, n¾f, ]xjm †U‡@ †mqv, †oZ †gqvi wj ovMZ, öa †]‡mvnvMV|



18

`vfny i ivbfvm

@vj¨ jw‿g w `wji †U‡@ wl‡i `vfny i ivbfvm `~ m¨_vq _z wf †`v@nhv mvf@ nhvq jo‡om, Kv] Kvwf wjÖ¯ mxwofv †U‡@ †i․gª @‡ivwZ‡_ nő vm @i‡_ F‡nw[| Kvamviv Kv] †c Kvfv‡@ †gD‡[m jy @ _vi jvsov‡g‡ì ôgq FZv Kvfvi F@ ki‡mi Kbs@vi| w@ū‧

Kv] Lℭ¢ Z L‡Zi wa‡X Wo‡[ R ‡g` | †c j¾ ny ‿gix - ‡@ Kvwf wW‡mw[ _vi Kwjio ]ovh~ wf‡_ †n․‿gc© †Dov @i_| w@ū‧ Kv]F@ †lvZv †@fm Kmo FDv‡m, Kv] †Nvi v‡m †@vw@‡oi @iY

Kvbjvm †`vmv cvq, hvEv‡Wviv Wu vg fyD @v‡ov @‡i ky @‡[ | R ‡aő I gyt R ‡aő †ju ‡W Kvw[, F †cm mv jv¯ j mv gyt Raő| _‡j Kvfvi ôg‡qi kųwm jo‡[ aØUf Nv m wÓ_xq f‒ _z ï Kv‡N b‡oI Kvwf h¯§ ‧ ‡a †Nvov‡ai bvwn †lvZvj|

# jw※g w`wji, `~ m¨_vq _z wf † `v@nhv, wjÖ¯ mxwofv, †i․gª

@‡ivwZ, jy @ _vi jvsov‡g‡ì ôgq, F@ ki‡mi Kbs@vi, L ¢ Z L‡Zi wa‡X Wo‡[ ¯R ‡g`, †c j¾ ny ※gix, Kwjio ]ovh~ wf‡_, F@†lvZv †@fm Kmo, †Nvi¯ v‡m †@vw@‡oi @iY Kvbjvm,

hvEv‡Wviv Wu vg fyD @v‡ov @‡i ky @‡[, ¯R ‡a‽ I gyt¯R ‡a‽ †ju ‡W Kv‡[, mv jv¯ j mv gyt¯Ra‽ ôg‡qi kųwm, aØUf Nvm wÓ_xq f‒ _z ï Kv‡N, h¯§¯‧ ‡a †Nvov‡ai bvwn|

‣nqg Iqvox Loó vb

Lam¨vn ‣nqg nv‡bj Wi]vNv mgxi L‡Å‡`¨ joo @u v‡gv mgx @u v‡gv @viY Kvi †@L Wu v‡gi Kfvj`¨vq ovo nvoy a‡e †_vfvq †gD‡_ Kvn‡j mv|

# @u v‡gv mgx @u v‡gv, Wu v‡gi Kf vj`¨vq, ovo nvoy |

mvZ@ jwþaxi cvÂv a‡Ui _i¾ h¾ @‡i ny i¾ aU kio|

# jwþaxi, _i¾ h¾, ny i¾|

‡[vZ Nî mqmWviv NØ v‡fi ]vbv]x lw@i wmúo ]xjm I wmúo cvÂvi @v‡[aiv]q jiY @‡i f‒ _z ¨cvÂv @io| _vi ]xjm †cm aÙvi gy M _x‡i †j‡e IXv F@wZ _z onx Nv‡[i @vwbmx †cDv‡m Dy mx †@qviv _v‡@ _vw[o¨ @‡i bv‡n|

# mqmWviv, ]vbv]x, wmúo ]xjm I wmúo cvÂv, aiv]q, f‒ _z ¨cvÂv, gy M _xi, F@wZ _z onx Nv‡[i @vwbmx, Dy mx †@qviv|

]nxf Lg& gxm

mvZ@aÙv av‡ei F@ NØ v‡fi †f‡q fky fvov I _vi n¾x aoó x jky Kvnfvm wns‡bi h‡q ay ®ÿ †kmy ‡@ (I‡Nv ay ®ÿ †kmy) †j‡gi †f‡qi @v‡[ wg‡q wgo|

# aÙv ave, NØ v‡fi †f‡q, fky fvov, aoó x jky, Kvnfvm wnsb,I‡Nv ay ®ÿ †kmy, †j‡gi †f‡q|

êfY nvwb_¨ ]vf© vwmi `b‡i j‿g‡i W‡o fy nvwli njvM j‡o _vi jvn bo‡gaixi †g‡` †c †g‡` fvmy d je |

# ]vf© vwmi `b‡i j※g‡i, W‡o fy nvwli, bo‡g aixi †g‡`, †c†g‡` fvmy d je|

Kv_¥@Uv @wji ¯§‒ w_a‡Z Kv]I hv¯§i _v‡gi ]xjm@Uv cv‡gi †g‡Dw[ Xv@z i jvwei KvwEmvq|

# ¯§‒ w_a‡Z, _v‡gi ]xjm@Uv, cv‡gi †g‡Dw[, Xv@z i jvwei KvwEmvq|

@vj¨ iwEov mv‡qi fvwQ bvny i F@aqnvi ju vwì ny i å‡m iƝaj_x I

ny Wqmx nw@mv boy g jiY `vex a‡e †nv]m jvwgqvi BvZ I m@`x @u vUvi fvX-Fi fvQvfvwQ kvm‡¸_ avwe wg‡q jvoy W‡i [z ‡Z Kvno| _DmM _vi f‡m aeo 6;-Fi †nM hqvjb wgm³woi @Uv, cDmFDv‡m w[o @vl‡mi wfw[o i± i‡E ]‡oi †oDm| cDm †@u ‡g‡[ K‡m@ fv ]mmx (fv †c ]mmx @v‡‿g) _viaiI fv‡Nv ]vwo‡q ‡i‡D‡[ Kv‡ov| (fv‡Nv ]vwo‡q ivwDn Kv‡ov )|

# iwEov mv‡qi fvwQ, bvny, F@aqnvi ju vw`, iƝaj_x, ny Wqmx, nw@mv, boy g jiY, †nv]m jvwgqvi BvZ, m@`x @u vUvi fvX,kvm‡¸_, jvoy Wi, hqvjb wgm³wo‡_, @vl‡mi wfw[o, ]‡oi†oDm, fv †c ]mmx @v‡※g, fv‡Nv ]vwo‡q ivwDn Kv‡ov|

Lam¨vn?- _vi F@fvÂ Lam¨vn Ü‡jvjv @vwbmxÚ|

@v]x m]ièo Mnovf mvZ@

Kv‡oqv wQwowfwo i‡Ei `vwe a‡e fky fvovi ay _z ‡oi wj‡q †gD‡_†No|

# Kv‡oqv, wQwowfwo, fky fvov, ay _z ‡oi wj‡q |



16

Lam¨vn @z ‡bwo@v f‒ _z ¨ zkvq jvukmbviv| # @z ‡bwo@v, f‒ _z ¨¸zkv, jvukmbviv|

Nî NØ ‷ w`Lwo fvov aÙ †NvDivi jÜvi gvm †U‡@ fy w± †a‡_ w]‡mi jvg`vi @v‡[ wi‡±i †jgm wm‡q ‡No| # w`Lwo fvov, aÙ †NvDivi, jÜvi gvm, w]‡mi jvg`v, wi‡±i

†jgm| @vj¨

‡gvomWu vav , wWÀmvfv I wnÔz wb‡‿gvo Knv‡fï w]wÌi hvE‡_ I nvf¨jvgx Kv‡‿gvo‡m `wi@ b‡_ nj© bviv‡gi g‡o † cvN wgo| _v‡gi Nv‡mi go [vqvmZ m_z m Wu v‡gi nfq nwÍ_v †U‡@ hvEviNvm NvM_| _v‡gi †`d nINv‡_i wja - jx ny ‡ii KwNő jxYvq Wºjv‡@ ay ‡ji bvIqvi Qe LX‡_v| fihv¯‥‡i aØ oq †g‡D @u va_ wQ‡E lz o I lwY-fmnv|

# ‡gvomWu vav, wWÀmvfv, wnÔz wb‡※gvo, w]wÌi, nvf¨jvg, nj© bviv, [ vqvmZ, m_z m Wu vg, nwÍ_v, hvEvi Nvm, †`d nINv_, KwN‽ jxYv, Wºjv@, ay ‡ji bvIqv, Qe, fihv¯‥i, wQ‡E lz o, lwY-fmnv|

ijx※gª mvU Xv@z i

Lam¨vn

‡Nviv wb‿gy B‡ii †f‡q iv]dx© I fvoÍ †j․ Xv@z ivYxi bvZ †U‡@ wli‡_ †m․@vVy wj‡_ Kvb_ bo| W_z i‡¾ jÜvi @vi‡Y B‡ii jvM‡i †cvNv‡cvN @i‡_ avio mv| B‡i j‡n gy M †jvm F@]m Kv‡i@ ]‡mi †Wv‡Di jvwo‡_ awiY_ bo Fjs å‡q å‡q †`‡di @wj_vi Wvi Kk¨vq fyD @‡i †loo|

# ‡Nviv, iv]dx© , fvoÍ, †j․ Xv@z ivYxi bvZ, †m․@vVy wj, W_z i¾, B‡i jvM‡i, †cvNv‡cvN, gy M †jvm, †Wv‡Di jvwo, † ‡di @wj_v, Wvi Kk¨vq |

mvZ@ KWovq_m †g‡ì iv]v iègª WÐ I ivYx wWÂv¾gv Dy jM gy w÷ūÎ vq Kv‡[m| _v‡gi nūÎ vm a‒ wU¡ iv] iv]¨ Wvomvq fm mv wg‡q a‒ wUjxi fvqvi †Dovq †f‡_ i‡q‡[| Kv] jvu ìx jv]vq †_v @vo f‒Nqvq cvq| †n •j@z ‡Éi Dv_vq mvf †owD‡q Vv@B‡ii @v‡[ wWi@z fvi nhvq †cvN wg‡q‡[| Ff_vj vq FM nfn¨v †U‡@ awiÂvY †a‡_ iè gªWÐ †N‡om jvo¥xw@i ( jvo¥xw@ aØ w_hv ) @v‡[ jo‡om Kvfv‡@ ]xjm cy ‡Öi FM aiv]q †U‡@ i¸v @‡im| m_z jv F †g` _v‡ni

†g‡` awiY_ b‡j| jvo¥xw@ Lavq wb‡n‡j jo‡om ª vjY fv‡n WÐvwo@v †gjxi fw‿g‡i mZxi a~ ]v @i‡_ b‡j Fjs fy ±kvivq i±

wjn]© m wg‡_ b‡j| iv]v _vM @i‡om Fjs aij_x© lvïy m fv‡na‒ wU¡ iv] iv] fy @z Z NØ bY @i‡om I iv]v ivYx †Nvevi Nog wfwZ‡q @v‡oi cvÂvq W‡o †No|

# KWovq_m, iè gª WÐ, wWÂv¾gv, a‒ wU¡ iv], fvqvi †Dov, jvu ìx, @vo f‒Nqvq •j@z ‡Éi Dv_v Vv@Bi wWi@z fvi nhv, awiÂvY, jvo¥xw@ aØ w_hv , aiv]q, _v‡ni †g‡`, `ª vjY, WÐvwo@v, mZxi

a~ ]v, fy ±kvivq, i±, wjn]© m, lvïy m, fy @z Z, †Nvevi Nog, @v‡oi cvÂv |

@vj¨ hvmy wnsb Xv@z i nvmvM bv‡_ @‡i wWÂv mgx avi bIqvi ]m¨ †Dqv †nvmvi _ix‡_ I‡X| F@M nf‡q ¸wY@v, `¨vfox, fðqv I fvmnx mgx avi bIqvi ]m¨ †nvmvi _ix‡_ I‡X| fðqv‡@ †g‡D Xv@z i nv‡bj fy° bq| _vi †aØ ‡f bvjy Vy jy †D‡_ Uv‡@| •m‡jg¨ †n ]vm‡_av‡i fvB fv‡ni ;= _vwiD fðqvi ]m¥wgm | F]m¨ †n fðqvi

]m¥wg‡m jmlz o @we I †@vfo jov@vi @v‡[ avwX‡q †gq| jov@v _Dm @îmvi f‡k¨ Nx_vÌwo @vj¨ ae‡_ Uv‡@| fðqv aÂay ‡Zi [evi [wj n Ô¨vi n¾x‡_i f_ NvM‡_ Uv‡@| @wji F †`d †oDv _vi ]xj‡mi @wj @vwbmx|

# hvmy wnsb Xv@z ‡ii agvjox, nvmvM, wWÂv, †Dqv, †nvmvi _ix, ¸wY@v, `¨vfox, fðqv, fvmnx, •m‡jg¨, ]m¥wg‡m, jmlz o, @we I†@vfo, jov@v, @îmv, Nx_vÌwo, aÂay Z, [evi [wj, nÔ¨v n¾x_,†`d †oDv, @wj @ vwbmx|

Lavwk Lavwk aØ @…_ mvf

‡g․o_ Lw]i jvbivf Dvm @wj @´m fy @z ‿givf Wºj_© x ivq NyYv@i hvi_W‿gª

cyNnwÔõ‡Yi @wj A ¦ iW‿gª ³Õ jvsovi wfàm ‡bfW‿gª fy‡Dvavk¨vq

‡hv‡ii avwD wjbvixovo Wºj_© x nvwb_¨ wj`vig Kváy o @wif wj`¦ @wj ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i

[‡‿ gi ]vgy @i n‡_¨‿gª mvU gÀ nvwb_¨ n¤ª vZ, Hwd jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

wj‡gª vbx @wj @v]x m]ièo Mnovf wjg¨vnvNi A ¦ iW‿gª aoó x @wj ]wnf Lggxm

ièanx jvsovi @wj ]xjmvm‿g gvn WviY @wj fy @z ‿g gvn

Kaiv‡]q @Uvw`îx ìrW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq mvNwi@ @wj `vfny i ivbfvm hvdv wjËvmx V. ‡fvbv¤§g `bxgy oó vb



13

w@‡`vi @wj ny @vūÎ hÈvWvc© fy nwof mvix ]vNi‡Yi KNØ gy _ ‡jNf †iv‡@qv

@¬ ¨vwn@ @wj nykx‿gª mvU gÀ Raőv_z i @wj ‣nqg MnfvMo †bv‡nm wniv]x

wfwUovi ‡@vw@o wjg¨vaw_ fbv@wj KvovIo

nvwb_¨ †iu ‡mnvi @wj fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ jvsov nvwb‡ _ï wjaó wj @wj fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

Mnovwf †iu ‡mnvi @wj liièD Kvbfg

[Ùmvf

[Ùmvf aØ @…_ mvf je W×xgvn KmūÎ je Nv]x wfqv fxi f`viil †bv‡nm hvmy wnsb ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i jxijo aØ fU †W․ky ix

@vq‡@vjvg @v‡]f Kvo †@viv‡q`x ð‡_vf †au Wv @vwo@vm‿g

jmlz o jovM Wu vg fy ‡Dvavk¨vq bvqvr fvfy g V. fwmiè²vfvm

aiåivf iv] †`Di jny Ì@_ Infvm ‡`D Kvw]]y i ibfvm

k~ f‡@_z @v]x m]ièo Mnovf

jvsov nvwb‡_ï wjwhm‽ `vDvi Kvwg @wj, aØj_©@,

]m@ Fjs awU@…_

wjjiY ‡oD@/@wji mvf jvsov nvwb‡_ï/ aØ vWxm cy ‡Ni

Kvwg @wj oy M av

fk¨ cy ‡ Ni Kvwg @wj je W×xgvn fmnvf¾o @v‡jï Kvwg @wj @vmv bwigÀ W×x f¾o @v‡jï Kvwg @wj fvwm@ gÀ

jvsov nvwb‡_ï aØUf fy nofvm @wj

`vb †fvbv¤§g nNxi

ivfvq‡Yi aØUf Kmy jvg@ @wj @… wÀjvn Iu Qv

fbvhvi‡_i aØUf Kmy jvg@ @jx‿gª ai‡f ¦ i @z iKvm ìx‡li aØUf Kmy jg@ hvM wN wi` W‿gª †nm

jvsov N‡gï awU@… _ LMwoqvf †@ix w`în¤§_ Ngïxw_i

]m@/Ngïxw_i ]m@ A ¦ iW‿gª wjg¨vnvNi

Wwo_ Ngïxw_i ]m@ aØ fU †W․ky ix jvsov Lam¨v‡ni awU@…r a¨vwiWu vg wfÂ jvsov Lam¨v‡ni ]m@ jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq jvsov mvZ‡@i aØ j_© @ _vivWiY w`@gvi

jvsov mvZ ‡@i ]m@ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ jvsov aØ bn‡mi ]m@ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ jvsov n‡m‡Zi aØ j_©@/]m@ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

jvsov nvwb‡_¨ †aÂv@xq n‡m‡ZiaØ j_© @

aØ fU †W․ky ix

jvsov fbv@v‡jï ]m@ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ jvsov nvwb‡_¨ KwfÂvõi [‡‿gi

aØ j_© @ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

jvsov †[vZ N‡îi ]m@ ijx‿gª ª mvU Xv@z i

jvsov nvwb‡_ï wjwhm‽ `vDvi aØUf

wjjiY iWmvi mvf iWwq_vi mvf jvsov nvwb‡_ï Kvwg

wmg © m Wc© vag ‡fvZ =< ]m

fk¨cy ‡Ni jvsov nvwb‡_ï Kvwg

wmg © m

Ø x@… ý @x_© m je W×x gvn

fy nofvm‡gi †oDvaØUf nvwb_¨ MLny l ]y ‡oDv `vb& †fvbv¤§ g nNxiaØUf fy wgª _ NØ ū @‡Uva@Um LMwoqvf †@wi aØUf Lam¨vn Kvov‡oi B‡ii

gy ovoa¨vixWu vg wfÂ

aØUf nvU©@ Lam¨vn gy ‡B© ` mw‿gmx jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

aØUf †ivfvw‿Z@ Lam¨vn

@avo@z×ov jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

aØUf aØY‡qvaõvY MLny l †]v‡oDv `vb& fy b¤§g nNxi

aØUf aØ jÔ ‡jgvūÎ iv]v ivf‡fvbm ivq aØUf mvZ@ hgª v]© y m _vivWiY w`@gvi

aØUf nvU© @ mvZ@ `wf© üv fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

aØUf aØ bnm F@M @x j‡o nh¨_v

fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

aØUf Fjs F@fvÂ nvU© @ fbv@vj¨

‡fBmvg jk @vj¨ fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

aØUf †[vZ Nî whDvwimx ijx‿gª mvU v@z i

a ØUf nvU© @ †[vZNî ‡gmv avImv ijx‿gª mvU v@z i aØUf fy nofvm mvZ¨@vi

fxi f`viil†bv‡nm

Sv@v †U‡@ aØ @vw`_aØUf iWmv

mxo ga© Y gxmjÔz wfÂ

aØUf jvsov Kõ‡ii†DvgvM@vix

aÍvmm @f©@vi

aØUf jvsov Kõi†DvgvM@vix

Wvo© n LMow@Þ

aØUf fwbov

Oam¨vwn@

‡fjvi iv] ¯RY© @z f vix †gjx



19

wjwhm‽ @wji aØUf @vj¨Nª ‷

iWwq_vi mvf @vj¨NØ ‡‷ i mvf fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ \cj Akptivj Dkly

ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i jmlz o @v]x m]ièo Mnovf KwNő jxYv

]xjmvm‿g gvn Qiv avo@ `vfny i ivbfvm aØUf Nvm, wÓ_xq f‒ _z ï Kv‡N Kvo fvbfy g ‡ov@ †ov@vūÎi

ny @vūÎ hÈvWv c© [veaÂ wmf©‡o‿gy ³Y ‡aØ fvsåi i± WvM

Kvjy †bmv †fv Î lv @vfvo KvaY †c․jm •jix ]nxf Lg& gxm ivDvox liièD Kvbfg nv_ nvN‡ii fvwQ ðfvqy m Kv]vg K‡o․w@@ Mwöfvi Kwfq Wºj_© x avivavi

wjwhm‽ Oam¨vwn‡@i aØUfaØ@vw`_ Lam¨vn

Oam¨vwn‡@i mvf Lam¨v‡ni mvf jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq gy ‡N© ` mw‿gmx

ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i ‡j․ Xv@z ivYxi bvZ @v]x m]ièo Mnovf ju vkmbviv

Kvjy Mnbv@ n~ c© gxBo jvwe

fvwm@ j‡‿g¨vavk¨vq wgjv ivwÂi @vj¨ Ì@_ Infvm jwm Kvgf

`bxgy oó vb @vqnvi nv‡is †j․ fxi f`viil †bv‡nm i_ő vj_x

KvD_viè²vfvm Mwoqvn wW‡o‡@vXvi †navM ‣nqg IqvoxLoó vb ovonvoy

a¨vixWu vg wfÂ Kvov‡oi B‡ii gy ovo ‡jNf †iv‡@qv aÙivN

wjwhm‽ mvZ¨@v‡ii aØUfaØ@vw`_ mvZ@

mvZ¨@v‡ii mvf mvZ‡@i mvf fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ `wf© üv

ijx‿gª mvU v@z i iègªW× @v]x m]ièo Mnovf wQwowfwo

my ièo †fv‡fm †m‡fwnn fvfy my i iw`g Iiv @gf Kvox

fy mxi †W․ky ix i±v± jvsov gxm jÔy wfÂ mxoga© Y fxi f`viil †bv‡nm jnūÎ @z fvix

wjwhm‽ nvwb‡_ï L‡oóD‡cvN¨ Wwi‡Âi ª ñv,

NØ ‷ I NØ‡‷ i aØ @… w_

Wwi‡Âi mvf WwiÂ ª ñvi mvf

NØ ‡‷i mvf iWmvi kim

ivkv, @… ý Fjs

jevwq

je W×xgvn Ø x@… ý @x_© m au vWvwo

@vj¨ A ¦ ix avZmx hvi_W‿gª

ivq ³Yv@i Kmő gvf¾o

@vj¨ f¾o@vj¨

aÙvj_x KvovIo aÙvj_x aØYq LavD¨vm

X@WvWv a¨vixWu vg wfÂ

Kvov‡oi B‡ii gy ovo

Lam¨vn

mjxm fvkj,†_viva

gxmjÔz wfÂ mxo ga© Y mvZ@

ivjY, aØ wfovFjs †fBmvg fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ ‡fBmvgjk fbv@vj¨

h±aØ nvg jvjy fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ

jy ‡ev `vwo‡@i Bv‡e †iu v

aØ bnm

Kfo ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i

Vv@Bi mvZ@

lwZ@ Wºj_© x ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i

[z wZ ‡[vZNî

ibf_, Dy @x ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i

@vjy oxIqvov ‡[vZNî

i_m ijxY& gª mvU Xv@z i

‡avö fvövi ‡[vZNî

‡Nviv, owo_v, ny Wwi_v Fjs

wjmq

ijx‿ gª mvU Xv@z i

‡Nviv Lam¨vn

Kwf_, ovjY¨Fjs †@ wZ wfÂ

ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i

‡`‡di @wj_v Lam¨vn

fky n~ gm Fjs @z fy wgmx


‡cvNv‡cvN Lam¨vn

ivMWiY ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i ‡Dv@vjvjy iaØ _¨vj_© m

Nî

‣bfūÎ x,†N․ix`í Fjs

Kay


‣bfūÎ x Nî

@z ‿gmw‿gmx, m ‡N‿gª mvU

jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq

wjdj‒ õ Lam¨vn

@avo@z×ov Fjs mj@z fvi


@avo@z×ov Lam¨vn

êfi, †ivwbYx

Fjs †Nvwj‿govo

jw´fW‿gª

W‡Èvavk¨vq

@… ý@v‡ūÎ i

LMo

Lam¨vn

Kv‡q`v Fjs jw´fW‿gª gy ‡N© `mw‿gmx Lam¨vn



<7

w_‡ovÀfv W‡Èvavk¨vq ‡bfvw¾mx, †@ñFjs @vgw¤R mx


‡f]wgwg Nî

Nlz i ìrW‿gª ª W‡Èvavk¨vq

f‡b` Nî

fvkwj Fjs ny ‡im ìrW‿gª ª W‡Èvavk¨vq

jewgwg jeNî/ Lam¨vn

m‡im, ifv ìrW‿gª ª

W‡Èvavk¨vq

gÀv Lam¨vn

Ø x@vūÎ, M‿gª mvU, Kmő gvwgwg, iv]o½x

ìrW‿gª ª W‡Èvavk¨vq

Ø x@vūÎ Lam¨vn

n_x`, nvwjÂxFjs w@iYfqx


WwiÂbxm Lam¨vn

fwbf, ny ‡i`Fjs KWov


N‒ bgvb Lam¨vn

ifv Fjs i‡f` ìrW‿gª ª

W‡Èvavk¨vq

aoó xnfv] Lam¨vn

@z ‡ji, fvov, †bv‡nm

wfqv Fjs †bv‡nm

wfqv

fvwm@ j‡‿g¨vavk¨vq

aÙv mgxi fvwQ

Lam¨vn

‡]vbiv Fjs Mj¨vbxf

@vwg©

fy mxi †W․ky ix i±v± aØ vūÎ i mvZ@

jvsov nvwb‡_ï Mw_bv‡ni ³iè_¡a~Y© aÂawÂ@v Fjs

n¤ÿvg@

aÂ-awÂ@vi mvf Fjs wjjiY n¤ÿvg‡@i mvf ‡j¾o †N‡]Z (jvsov _Uv hvi‡_i aØUf nsjvgaÂ)

‡]fn KNvövn wbw@

wgNg © m (j¾h~ wf‡_ jvsov hvdvq aØ @vw`_ aØUf nvfwq@

awÂ@v)

]m @¬ ¨v@© fv © f¨vm

nfvWvi ga© Y (aØUf aØ @… _ jvsov

awÂ@v cvi Óviv nsjvgawi‡j`m åiè bq)

]m @¬ ¨v@© fv © f¨vm

jv¾vov †N‡]Z (jvEvwo @_© ‒ @ n¤ÿvwg_ I aØ @vw`_ aØUf

jvsov nsjvgaÂ)

N¾vw@‡`vi hÈvWvc©

n¤R vg aØhv@i A ¦ iW‿gª ³Õ _À¡ ‡jvwkmx Kõ@z fvi gÀ

fvwn@ awÂ@v a¨vixWu vg wfÂ I ivkvmvU w`@gvi

j¾g © m jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq Kvw]]y ‡mő bvi fxi f`viil †bv‡nm

hvi_x wÓ‡]‿gª mvU v@z i

nvwb_¨ ny ‡i`W‿gª nfv]aw_ nvkmv ijx‿gª mvU v@z i mjm~ i ‣nqg Ffgvg Kvox

nvÕvwb@ †fvbv¤§gx ‡fvbv¤§g Kv@ivf Du v njy ]aÂ (Wwo_ Ngïxw_i

fyDaÂ)aØ fU †W․ky i x

nINv_ ‡fvbv¤§g mvwni LwÅm k~ f‡@_z (Kvm‿gfqxi KvNf‡maØ @vw`_ b‡o awÂ@vwZ wmwdÖ @iv bq Fjs n¤ÿvg@ @v]x

m]ièo Mnov‡fi mv‡f†g`‡gª vwb_vi Kwh‡cvN Kvmv

bq)

@v]x m]ièo Mnovf

‣gwm@ Kv]vg ‡fvbv¤§g Kv@ivf Du v @‡oó vo gx‡mìÌm gvn ov¾o @v]x m]ièo Mnovf

w`Dv (Ë vm †cDv‡m nxfvjÖ,

jy wÖ †cDv‡m Kveü, fy w±†nDv‡m Kn¤¢ j)

Kvjy o ð‡nm

nf@vo wn@v‿gvi Kvjy ]vli fv‡b mI Kvjgy o @vwgi

‣gwm@ mjcyN @v]x m]ièo Mnovf ‡jNf m~ i]vbvm ‡jNf

cvq cvq wgm `wl@ †ibfvm KvEz i (w`å‡_vd awÂ@v) V. fy b¤§g `bxgy oó vb

n‡‿g` ny @z fvi ivq

wj whm‽ ³iè_¡a~Y© WiY, jvYx I LÖ… w_ 7;. a‡ii @vi‡m R vU© wgqv jwo

F ]xjm fm n@wo gvI, _vi f_ nyD †@vUvI w@ Kv‡[5 Kvamvi @Uv hy woqv cvI|Ñ - nyD, @vwfmx ivq|

7=. ÝKvbv, w@ fky i IM Kvcv‡mi kųwm

f‡f© f‡f© †nM ny i jvw]o w@ ny fky i Kv@z o bMo aØ vY, mvwWo kfmx|Ñ - Kvcvm , @vq‡@vjvg |

71. Ý@wi‡_ avwi mv @v] ngv hq ngv ov], ns`‡q ns@‡î ngv Z‡o av‡[ †ov‡@ w@[z j‡o|Ñ - av ‡[ †ov‡@ w@[z j‡o, @vwfmx ivq |

7<. Ýwja‡g †fv‡i iõv @i F m‡b †fvi aØ vU© mv

wja‡g Kvwf mv †cm @wi hq|Ñ - Kv_¥ÂvY, ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i |



<;

7:. Ý‡c ]m wgj‡n f‡mi bi‡ d, ]¡ vovq †fv‡fi jvw_, Kv`y N‒ ‡b _vi, †gwD‡j mv Kvi, wm`x‡U aØ gxa hvw_|Ñ - wf_j¨wq_v, @… ýW‿gª f]y fgvi|

78. ÝwWinyDx ]m ê‡f w@ @Dm j¨wU_ †jgm jy wQ‡_ av‡i w@ cv_mv wj‡d jy wQ‡j †n w@‡n

@hz Kvw`wj‡d gs‡`wm cv‡i|Ñ - nfjÜx, @… ýW‿gª f]y fgvi|76. Ýjvjy M av wD‡i Vvw@, jwo‡[ WevM

@z ‡e B‡i †U‡@ @‡i w`‡îi jevM Kvwf Uvw@ fbvny ‡D KÈvwo@v a‡i _z wf @_ @ñ avI †ivg j‒ wñ Q‡e|Ñ

- R vkxm_vi nyD, i]mx@vūÎ †nm| 73. Ýkmkv‡m¨ ay ‡®ÿ hiv Kvfv‡gi FM jny Ôiv

_vbvi fv‡Q Kv‡[ †g` F@ - n@o †g‡ì †niv|Ñ -

kmkv‡m¨ ay ‡®ÿ hiv, wÓ‡]‿gª ov o ivq|

79. ‡fv‡gi Nij †fv‡gi Kv`v Kv fwi jvsov hvdvÑ- Kv fwi jvsov hvdv, - K_z o aØ nvg †nm|

;7. ÝKvamv‡i o‡q wjjª _ iwb‡_ Kv‡n mvM †@b Kjwm a‡i, n@‡oi _‡i n@‡o Kvfiv aª ‡_¨‡@ Kvfiv a‡ii _‡i|Ñ - aiv‡U© , @vwfmx ivq|

;;. ÝNvwb nv‡fï Nvm fvmy ‡di †W‡q je w@[z mvM,

m‡b w@[z fbxqvm|ÚÚ - nvf¨, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|;=. Ýwj‡ ¦ cv w@[z fbvm n‒ wñ

wWi @o¨vY@i K‡k© @ _vi @wiqv‡[ mvix K‡k© @ _vi mi|Ñ - mvix, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|

;1. ÝKvw] b‡_ `_jd© a‡i ‡@ _z wf awe[ jwn Kvfvi @wj_vDvwm Kvw] b‡_ `_jd© a‡i|Ñ - ;<77 nvo, ijx‿gª m vU Xv@z i|

;<. Ý‡b j¾, hv×v‡i _j wjwjk i_m| _v n‡j, (K‡jvk Kvwf) Kj‡bov @wi,Ñ - j¾hvdv, fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ|

;:. Ý‡b @wj, mxij †@m lv³m †c F‡n‡[ kivq, jn‡ūÎ jwiqv _z fw oÚ‡j mv w@ _j j‿gmvq5Ñ

- _vbv‡iM a‡e f‡m, †jNf ny wlqv @vfvo| ;8. ÝavwD nj @‡i ij, ivw_ †avb vMo

@vm‡m @z ny f @wo n@wo lz wZo|Ñ - fgm‡fvbm _@© vo´vi|;6. Ý]x‡j †aØ f @‡i †cM ]m, †nM nj †nwj‡[ A ¦i|Ñ

- R vfx wj‡j@vm‿g|

;3. Ý‡_vfvi @xw_© i †W‡q _z wf †c fbr FM _j ]xj‡mi iU a÷v‡_ †lwoqv cvq @xw_© ‡i †_vfvi jvisjvi wWþ _j a‡e Kv‡[ _z wf †bUv mvM|Ñ

- `v]vbvm, ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i| ;9. Ýmvmvm †g‡ì mvmvm hvdv

wj‡m R ‡g`x hvdv

‡f‡Z w@ Kv`v5Ñ - R ‡g`x hvdv, ivfwmwk ³Õ| =7. Ý@_ NØ vf @_ aU cvq n‡i n‡i,

`b‡i ivmvi cv‡jM †a․‡[ †hv‡i|Ñ - ivmvi, ny @vūÎ hÈvWvc© |=;. ÝF‡n‡[ m_z m w`å, _v‡@ †[‡e wg‡_ b‡j vm0

]xY© a‒ wUjx‡_ jÜ© , f‒ _ kųsn ‧a - wa‡X W‡o †c‡_ †bj Kvfv‡gi|Ñ - [veaÂ, ny @vūÎ hÈvWvc© |

==. Ý]wm¥‡o fwi‡_ b‡j, Kfi †@ ‡@vUv @‡j5Ñ- fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ|

=1.ÝUv@j mv‡@v jÖ B‡i ‡gDj Fjvi ]NrZv‡@ ‡@fm @‡i By i‡[ fvmy d cyNvūÎ ‡ii B~ wY© av‡@|Ñ - ns@î, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|

=<. ÝKvamv‡@ je j‡o je †nM mq ‡ov‡@ cv‡i je j‡o je †nM bq|Ñ- je †@, - A ¦ iW‿gª ³Õ|

=:. Ý‡@vm †g‡`‡_ _ièo_v n@o †g‡ì WvM‡_ `¨vfo5 ‡@vm †g‡`‡_ Wo‡_ †N‡oM

go‡_ bq‡i gy j© v @fo5Ñ- †@vm †g‡`, n‡_¨‿gªmvU gÀ|=8. Ýhv_ †g bvivf]vgv, _v mv b‡o fvmwWÂ Dvj|Ñ

- iwl@ Kv]vg|=6. Ýfv‡Nv, Iiv j‡o,

njvi @Uv †@‡e †m‡j, ‡_vfvi †@v‡o å‡q Nî åm‡_ †g‡jmv

jo, fv| _vM w@ bq5Ñ - Kvjy ]vli Ijvqgy oó vb|

=3. Ýfvi †Wv‡D mvM K Ø è †@jo Kmm]¡ vov, gyÜ‡WvD _vi `Âè bm‡mi Kvbųvm|Ñ

- `bxg ¯§i‡Y, ‡fvbv¤§g fwmiè²vfvm| =9. Ý‡b gvwigª ¨, _z wf †fv‡i @‡i[ fbvm|

_z wf †fv‡i gvwmqv[ Dª x‡üi n¤§vm @Ã@ fy @z Z †`vhv|Ñ - gvwigª ¨, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|

17. ÝF wj ¦ ‡@ m_z m w`åi jvn‡cvN¨ @‡i cvj Kvwf - mj]v_‡@i @v[ F Kvfvi g‒ p Kw¾@vi|Ñ

- [veaÂ, ny @vūÎ hÈvWvc© |



<=

1;. ÝfbvËvmx fbv]m, †c a‡U @‡i Nfm b‡q‡ [ aØ v_¯§iYxq|Ñ - †bfW‿gª j‡‿g¨vavk¨vq|

1=. ÝI‡i mjxmÚ I‡i Kvfvi @u vWv,I‡i njy ], I‡i Kjy Q,

Kvk- fiv‡gi Bv †f‡i _z M ju vWv|Ñ - njy ‡]i Kwhcvm, ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i|

11. Ý‡@m avū õvūÎ bI †bwi gxB© aU

Lg¨f wjb‡m ay ‡i @vi f‡mviU| @u vZv †bwi õvūÎ †@m @fo _z wo‡_ gytD wjmv nyD ovh bq w@ fwb‡_5Ñ - @… ýW‿gª f]y fgvi|

1<. Ýfwi‡_ Wvwbmv Kvwf ny ‿gi hz j‡m fvm‡ji fv‡Q Kvwf ju vwWjv‡i WvM|Ñ

- @we I †@vfo, ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i| 1:. Ý]‡m¥w[ fv‡Nv †_vfvi †@v‡o‡_

fwi †cm FM †g‡`|Ñ - ]‡m¥w[ FM †g‡`, ny wlqv @vfvo| 18.

Ý‡_vfv‡@ avIqvi ]m¨, †b Rvkxm_v ‡_vfv‡@ avIqvi ]m¨

Kvi @_jvi hvn‡_ b‡j i±N¾vq|Ñ - `vfny i ivbfvm| 16. Ý‡c nj j‡¾‡_ ]‡m¥ wbs‡n j¾jvYx

‡n nj @vbvi ]m¥ wmY© q m ]vwm|Ñ- j¾jvYx, Kvjgy o bvw@f| 13. ÝF‡mw[‡o nv‡U @‡i f‒ _z ¨bxm aØ vY

fi‡Y _vbvM _z wf @‡i †N‡o gvm|Ñ - ijx‿gª mvU Xv@ z i| 19. Ý@wj_vq Kvi w@ woDj5

cDm jy ‡@i i‡± wo‡Dw[

F@wZ mvf jvsov‡g`|Ñ - †fvbv¤§g fwmiè²vfvm|

<7. Ýjvsovi fyD Kvwf †gwDqvw[, _vM a‒ wUjxi iƝa ‡gwD‡_ WvM mv Kvi|Ñ - ]xjmvm‿g gvn|

<;. ÝKvjvi Kvwnj wl‡i kvmwnu wewZi _x‡i FM jvsovq bq‡_v fvmy d mq bq‡_v jv `DwWo `vwo‡@i †j‡`|Ñ

- Kvjvi Kvwnj wl‡i, ]xjmvm‿g gvn| <=. ÝmvM w@‡i nyD5 mvM w@‡i nyD5

F kiv w@ åky wjdvgfq5 cv_‡m ]¡ vwoqv @u vwgqv fwi‡_ ‡@jwo w@ mi ]mf oq5Ñ - @vwfmx ivq|

<1. Ý@v×vwi F _ixi av@v fvwQ fvoó v gu vwe fy ‡D nvwi Nvm ov ìx@ Kvoó vb|Ñ

- †Dqvav‡ii _ iYx, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|<<. ÝNvwb _vb‡gi Nvm,

wj‡ ¦ i nv‡U ]xj‡mi a‡U cviv Kvw] Kv³qvm|Ñ-@v]x m]ièo Mnovf|

<:. ÝJkų© wì cwg _z wf @z o fm k‡m @wiImv B‒Yv _j wmW wì ]‡m|Ñ

- invo I RY© ow_@v, fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ| <8. Ýny ‡Di ovwNqv F Bi ju vwkmy

Km‡o ay wiqv †N o|Ñ - Ëvm gvn|<6. Ý¯R vkxm_v bxm_vq †@ ju vwW_ Wvq

‡@ ju vwW‡_ Wvq

gvn_¡ ‒ Do jo ‡@ awi‡j avq †b ‡@ awi‡j avq|Ñ

- R vkxm_v, i¾ovo j‡‿g¨vavk¨vq <3. ÝnwD †@f‡m kwi wbq5

Kvfvi jk~ qv Kvm jvwe cvq Kvfvi KvwEmv wgqv|Ñ- W×xgvn

<9. Ýbv ay Â! bv jxj ijvð! jx‡i‿gª w@ìx| ‡@f‡m kwij aØ vY †_vfvi wjb‡m5Ñ

- nfy ‡gª i aw_ ivjY, fvM‡@o fky n~ gm gÀ|

:7. Ýåm‡b fvmy d hvM

njvi La‡i fvmy d n_¨ _vbvi La‡i mvM&Ñ - W×xgvn|

:;. Ýff F@ bv‡_ ju v@v ju v‡ì ju vìx Kvi bv‡_ iY -_z c©|Ñ - wj‡gª vbx, @v]x m]ièo Mnovf|

:=. Ý_z wf fv ‧ ‡o, Kvwf gu ve Zvwm hz ‡o n¤§y ‡D åky Knxf @z qv`v †bwi|Ñ - av‡Ìwi, liièD Kvbfg|

:1. Ý‡`vm fv Kvwfmv, †i‡D †g‡i @v], _¡ iv @‡i fvX Wo

Fo †fBmvi †]vqv‡ii †jov, FDwm mvwf‡j So|Ñ - †fBmvi So, ðfvq~ m @wji|

:<. ÝKvfvi fv‡qi †nvmvi ‡mvo@ bvwi‡q †No †`‡d ‡bUvq Du y w] †bUvq Dy u w] nviv jvsov‡g‡`|Ñ

- †mvo@, Kvo fvbfy g| ::. Ý‡g`x hvdv wjg¨v cvi f‡m m ]y evq

wm] †g` _¨vNx †@m wj‡g` m cvq|Ñ - Kváy o bvw@f|:8. ÝF@ Dvwm †[vZ †D_, Kvwf F‡@ovÑ

- †nvmvi _ix, ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i| :6. ÝIiv Kvfvi fy ‡Di hvdv @vMev wm‡_ WvqÑ - Kváy o ow_l|:3. Ýnj @Zv ]vmvov Dy ‡o gvI mvÑ - m]ièo Mnovf jvjy|:9. ÝKvfiv njvM iv]v Kvfv‡giM iv]vi iv]‡_¡Ñ

- ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i| 87. ÝKvfiv wb‿gy †cfm n_¨ _vi †W‡q ‡jw` n_¨ Kvfiv jvEvwoÑ

- V. fy b¤§g `bxgy oó vb&8;. Ý‡@L fvov, †@L _nwj Novq, _vM‡_v ]v_ whmő jovqÑ-

ovom lw@i|

8=. Ý‡cDv‡m wl« wUsw@s †mM †nDv‡m @voWvi †mM|Ñ - ijx‿gª mvU Xv@z i|



81. Ýfky i †W‡qI Kv‡[ fky i †n Kvfvi †g‡`i fvwZ Kvfvi †g‡`i a‡Ui k~ ov Du vwZ †nvmvi WvM‡_ Du vwZ|Ñ

- n‡_¨‿gª mvU gÀ| 8<. Ýfvmy ‡di fv‡Q RN© mi@, fvmy ‡d‡_ ny ivny iÑ

- †`D l]oo @wif| 8:. ÝiƝa ovwN KvwD Qz ‡i å‡m fm †hviÑ - Ëvm gvn|88. Ýhvdv fvmy ‡di fyD †U‡@ @o‡f Kv‡n, L‡àvZv @i‡_ †N‡o

fy ‡D åky @vwo a‡e|Ñ - aØ fU †W․ky ix|86. Ýn@v‡o LwXqv Kvwf f‡m f‡m jwo nviv wgm Kvwf †cm hvo

b‡q Wwo|Ñ - fgm‡fvbm _@© vo´vi|83. ÝDu vWvi wh_i KwWm avwD ‡@f‡m Kv‡n cvq5Ñ- ovom lw@i|89. Ý]m¥M Kvfvi Kv]m¥ avaÑ - gvLg bvqgvi|67. ÝawU@, _z wf aU bvivMqv[|Ñ

- @avo@z×ov, jw´fW‿gª W‡Èvavk¨vq| 6;. Ýõzkvi iv‡]¨ a‒ wUjx Ng¨fq,

a~ wY©fvi Wu vg †cm Qonv‡mv ièwZ|Ñ -

ny @vūÎ hÈvWvc©|

6=. Ýjei wawiw_ jvwoi ju vk, õ‡Y bv‡_ gwe õ‡Y@ Wu vgÑ- - hvi_W‿gª ivq ³Yv@i|

61. ÝF hiv jvgi fvb hvgi `~ m¨ fw‿gi †fvi|Ñ - wjg¨vaw_|

bengali grammar-exam. preparation

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