bennett 2015-2016. what was the course of the civil war? what were its political, social, and...
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THE CIVIL WAR NOTES
Bennett 2015-2016
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
What was the course of the Civil War?
What were its political, social, and economic ramifications?
OBJECTIVES: To understand the development and progress of the
Civil War
To investigate key turning points in the Civil War in New York State and United States history and explain why these events or developments are significant
To map information about people, places, and environments
To describe the relationships between people and environments and the connections between people and places
To identify and collect economic information related to the Civil War from standard reference works, newspapers, periodicals, computer databases, textbooks, and other primary and secondary sources
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Overviewof
the North’s
Civil WarStrategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
BATTLE OF BULL RUN 1st Union attack on the South July 1861
Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson led the Confederates to victory in the battle
Bull Run shows 3 things : Both sides need more training War would be longer than thought War would be very bloody
THE WAR IN THE EAST After the Union’s defeat at Bull
Run, Lincoln removed McDowell and put General McClellan in command.For 7 months McClellan trained his
troops but did not attack. Showed he was extremely cautious.
Lincoln began to grow impatient with McClellan for not attacking the Confederacy
WAR IN THE EAST McClellan does not attack and gives
General Robert E. Lee’s Northern Virginia Army more time to gain reinforcements.
Knowing that McClellan will not attack, Lee decides to invade the North.
Thought it would win support for the South in Europe and change public opinion in the North.
MCCLELLAN GETS LUCKY A Union officer found a paper
showing Lee’s battle plan and learns that Lee divided his army into two branches.
McClellan decides to attack Lee’s army at Antietam Creek, Maryland.
ANTIETAM September, 1862 Battle in Maryland Confederate General – Robert E Lee –
makes first move at attacking the north on Union territory
Draw- no true winner(south retreats- north does
not follow) Lincoln is outraged with McClellan for not
following
Bloodiest day in US History 23,000 troops (N & S) Killed or wounded
Confederate dead from Antietam
LINCOLN AFTER ANTIETAM
LINCOLN WITH THEN UNION GEN. MCCLELLAN
THE WAR IN THE WEST General Ulysses S.
Grant led the Union troops in the West.Much more aggressive
than McClellan.
Grant’s army was able to capture two major Confederate waterways.
BATTLE OF SHILOH Costly but important to both sides.
South 11,000 casualties
North 13,000 casualties
Union forces gained control of
railways and part of the Mississippi
River.
Two weeks later, Union captured
the Port of New Orleans.
THE WAR CONTINUES The Civil War began as a war to
save the Union NOT to end slavery
Lincoln feared that if he ended slavery the border states would also leave the union
LINCOLN’S THOUGHT PROCESS
Starts to change his mind.
He now believes that the issue of slavery is so important to the SOUTH that he must end it.
Cabinet members advised Lincoln to wait until the Union won a decisive battle to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipate = to set free
In his proclamation Lincoln states that all persons held in slavery in the Confederate States shall be free
Thinking Time! Did Lincoln free all the slaves? Did Lincoln have the power to make
this proclamation?
Results of Emancipation Proclamation
Union now has two reasons for fighting: Save the Union (bring the Southern States
back) End slavery in ALL states
It really did not free ANY slavesLincoln has no power to make laws for
CSA
WRITE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR DAILY LOG Thinking Time! How would the Emancipation
Proclamation affect you if…
1. You owned slaves in Texas ?
2. You were a slave in Maryland?
3. You were an abolitionist in New York?
4. You were a slave in Georgia?
Early Civil War Review Sheet for Quiz Tuesday, October 27th 2015
Northern vs Southern economies Northern Advantages going into the war Southern Advantages going into the war Northern plan to win the war Southern plan to win the war Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant General McClellan General Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson What was learned from the Battle of Bull Run? New technology used in the war Why considered the first modern war? Effects of new technology used in the war Importance of the Battle of Antietam Importance of the battle of Shiloh Importance of Border States Emancipation Proclamation Results of the Emancipation Proclamation
EFFECTS OF EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
CHAPTER 15, SECTION 5- DECISIVE BATTLES
By 1863, hundreds of thousands dead and wounded.
Union won in 1862 at Antietam but could not knock the South out.Lincoln attributed this to poor
leadership. Lincoln fires McClelland and replaces him
with Burnside. Seemed to be no end in sight.
BURNSIDE AND HOOKER-UNION GENERALS
Knows McClellan was fired for being too cautious so he decides to invade the South.Loses battles against Lee at
Fredericksburg.
Lincoln turns to General Joseph Hooker.
Hooker and Union get slaughtered at ChancellorsvilleLose badly but kill Confederate General
Stonewall Jackson.
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
Lee grew bolder after victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
Believed that a Confederate victory in the North would force surrender.
June 1863- Lee’s troops cross Mason-Dixon line into PennsylvaniaThe Union Army led by General Meade
follow behind…
GETTYSBURG The South needs to win in the North
in order to win the war- hurt Union morale
Gen Lee attacks the Union July 1863 outside the town of Gettysburg, PA (again attacking on Union land)
South had plan to charge the Union troops
Pickett’s Charge was a huge failure Lee is forced to retreat Confederate
troops back to the south Union wins the 3 day battle Gettysburg is known as the turning
point of the war
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS In November of 1863, the town of
Gettysburg dedicated a cemetery for the Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg Battle
President Lincoln attended Gave a 2 min speech called Gettysburg Address
PAGE 538 Read the Gettysburg Address and
answer the following questions:1. Who gave the speech, when was it
given, where was it given?2. What is the main idea of the
speech? What did the speaker want to tell his audience?
3. What is the speaker’s position on the civil war?
4. What words or phrases express his feelings?
GRANT’S TOTAL WAR Union General Grant wants to destroy
the South’s ability to fight in the war for much longer
Total War Plan Destroy food, equipment, and
anything else that would help south fight
Change in how war was fought Not just soldiers anymore- now
civilians also suffered
SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA
Part of Grants Total War Plan 1864 -Sherman told to capture
Atlanta, GA then march to the Atlantic Ocean
As he did- Sherman set fire to much of Atlanta and then destroyed everything and anything in his path to the Atlantic
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
Union troops captured the Confederate capital of Richmond – April 1865
On April 9, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant
The Union had won The Civil War was over
4 year long war
Thinking Time! Why is Civil War deadliest war in US
History?
RESULTS OF THE WAR Reconstruction= Period of rebuilding in the US after
the Civil War Much of fighting took place in
south- which now has to rebuild and clean up from war
RUINS IN RICHMOND, VA
RUINS IN ATLANTA , GA
Confederate currency was now worthless = economic problems
New free slaves had no land, no jobs, no education = social problem
Need to find a plan to help the former Confederate States rejoin the Union = political problem
LINCOLN ASSASSINATION Lincoln wanted to convince
Congress to accept his plan to quickly allow the Southern states back into the UnionHave 10% of state pledge loyalty to
USA State must abolish slavery Reconstruction will led to new
amendments , including an end to slavery
It was not to be 5 days after the South surrendered-
Lincoln was shot and killed – April 14, 1865 Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s
Theatre