beowulf written in old english. old english: lord’s prayer listen to the sounds of old english
TRANSCRIPT
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Beowulf
Written in Old English
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Old English: Lord’s Prayer
Listen to the Sounds of Old English
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Brief History of Text
One copy of the text remainsScientists have dated the copy that exists
to around 1000 ADProbably hand copied by two monks
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Text’s survival
Preserved in a monasteryEarly 16th Century--the reign of Henry
VIII put it in danger Survives probably by being taken into
private collectionEmerges in 1563, moved to Cotton and
then to British Museum
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What we know--next to nothing!
Scholars have inferred:Consistent style suggests single authorUse of conventional poetic devices suggest
educated authorRepeated phrases and formula words
suggest oral compositionReferences to God and Bible suggest
Christian author
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Things that are still unclear
Place of origin Studying Anglo Saxon dialect has been
inconclusive
Date of poemAnywhere from 700-1000 AD
Details about the authorScop?
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Structure of the poem
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Use of caesura
Break (caesura) divides each line into two half-lines
Each half line contains 2 stressed words or syllable with remaining syllables left unstressed
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Alliteration
Used within lines to link important words
Consists of a consistent consonant beginning to words within a line or beginning the words with a vowel
All vowels were treated the same
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Set metrical combinations to fit needs
Example: On the sea can be said a couple of ways
On hranrade (on the whale-road)
On seglrade (on the sail-road)
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Kennings
Metaphorical phrase used in place of a noun
Sun = candle of the sky
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Anglo Saxon world
Roman roads and oxcarts
Villages = wooden houses
Communal farmland
Stone churches
Soldiers in armor
Mead halls--communal banquet halls
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Anglo Saxon world (cont)
Harsh environmentWar!Few comforts
ReligionGods: neither all good nor all powerful
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Heroes
Could attain some immortality through fame--be remembered for honor and heroic deeds
Boasting was hero’s dare to destinyFighting was the proper business of manOnly respectable way to die was in battle
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Oral tradition
Hunters, fisherman, farmers--relaxed by eating, drinking, listening to songs
Scops or bards created songs or poems celebrating heroes