bespoken_updated

AIR

ABPL30048/ 2015/ SM2 KA WING KAREN TSUI#657638

S T U D I O

2015

_SM

2

KA WING KAREN TSUI#657638

2015_ SM2_ ABPL30048Tutor: CanHui Chen

_____________________________Architecture Design Studio: AIR

Melbourne School of DesignUniversity of Melbourne

CONTENTS

A

A.0A.1 A.2A.3A.4A.5A.6A.7

B

B.0B.1B.2B.3B.4B.5B.6B.7B.8

C

C.1C.2C.3C.4

INTRODUCTIONDESIGN FUTURING DESIGN COMPUTATIONCOMPOSITION/GENERATIONCONCLUSIONLEARNING OUTCOMESAPPENDIXREFERENCES

INTRODUCTION RESEARCH FIELDCASE STUDY 1.0CASE STUDY 2.0TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENTTECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPESTECHNIQUE: PROPOSALLEARNING OUTCOMESAPPENDIX

DESIGN CONCEPTTECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPESFINAL DETAILED MODELSLEARNING OUTCOMES

4-56-1314-2122-2930-3132-3334-3536-37

38-3940-4546-5354-5758-6364-7374-8586-8788-91

92-117118-163164-169170-171

Hi, I am Karen, studying third year architecture in University of Mel-bourne. I am born in Hong Kong, which is a city that packed with people and buildings. No matter which angle I am looking at, views are always occupied by different shapes of skyscrapers, high-rise buildings or housings with their own stories and histories. I enjoy to be embraced in this urban fab-ric because it narrates the fusion of East and West. Yet, paradox of its status as top 35th livable city in the world is questionable. Unaf-fordable living standard? Pollution? Sustainability? These are urgent for city and for US to rethink how

should it be, our future living space. Undoubtedly, a new design ap-proach is needed in respond to this negative change of environment.

To me, studying architecture is-quite challenging because neither my family nor I have a design background. Yet, the main reason drive me to continue this path is that I believe design can gener-ate the best visions for future and draws all aspects of concern such as social considerations. Also, I do believe architecture can change the interaction between people or even culture because everything takes place in edifices.

1

INTRODUCTION & EXPECTATIONS

“I believe that the way people live can be directed a little by

architecture.” (Tadao Ando)

A0

A[ C O N C E P T U A L I S A T I O N ]

image source : http://blog.clustrix.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/12/future-.jpg

啊A1: DESIGN FUTURING

Undoubtedly, existence of human beings are the root of problems of everything. Humans are one of those intellectual species that generates ways to survive for adaptation; yet, whenever we produce a possible solution, a negative im-pact follows. However, this is not the fuse to-wards the question of existence, technological advancement is the point for more problems to be discovered, triggered and exacerbated. Be-cause of technology, we used to create an easy, convenient way of living with a short vision of addressing immediate needs. Over-population, food and portable water shortage, resources de-pletion are few of those issues that are threaten-ing sustainability. Thus, the way of design must be changed to rectify the situations by slowering the defuturing process and redirecting a more sustainable of living (1).

2. Model of Endless House by Frederick J. Kiesler

3. Sketche of Endless house by Frederick J. Kiesler 4. Sketches of Endless house by Frederick J. Kiesler

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01 ENDLESS HOUSE // // 1950BY FREDERICK J. KIESLER

Ideas of “continuity” and “endless-ness” in 1950s are demonstrated by the prototype of “Endless House” which start to break the boundary of conventional principle of functionalism and to propose a poly-dimensional and plastic form of elastic spatial concept for “find-ing the coordination of heteroge-neous elements/ forces/ tensions in an endless spatial continuum.” (2) This considers the spatial and human relationship, human body figure.

“All ends meet in the endless”. Pushing all the existing rules out of box to find new possibilities for the future; as well as inspiring people to generate complex sur-face and considering topological

space of curve into account are inducing. Without the support of technology, his idea is least expressed at that time and is criti-cised as problematic because of the unbuildable situation, regard-ing the material availability and logic of form. becomes a utopian vision since the progress of math-ematics behind the concept is not well-expressed. Yet, this is an influential and revolutionary idea that inspires current development of parametric design with the aid of algorithmic thinking approach, and hence, leading to a different design approach for generating more complex possibilities.

Correalism: “disregarding the boundaries that separate artistic genres and in-cluding scientific information as well as elements from magic and mythology- as a science that em-braces man and his environment as a global system of complex re-ciprocal relationships.” (3)

4. Sketches of Endless house by Frederick J. Kiesler

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6

5

7 8

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Dragonfly is a conceptual design of a vertical building located in a densely populated urban area which proposes an idea of self-sustaining living as an organism, generating input itself and possibly reuse the output. Responding to the monotonous urban living, food shortage, population growth in cit-ies and concern of pollution, car-bon footprint and climate change, it encourages the integration of farm living, adaptation of renewable en-ergy and self-generated resources, including harvesting solar passive energy by its solar shields along the wings and trapping warm air between wings in winter, wind ma-chine and filtering rainwater by the planted wall; promotion to reusing and recycling, such as reuse

greywater for farming purposes. It captures most of the ‘green’ living patterns in a same place, shares between large amounts of peo-ple for maximizing the effect and brings it into practice or trend.

Although it is not a built-project nor revolutionary, the idea stimulates the reflection of current living pat-terns, including redefining and bal-ancing the boundary of natural and urban context, as well as reviewing the consumption routine- shorten-ing the link between producer an-dconsumer; and combining shat-tered ideas comprehensively on ecological and energetic function in an edifice. It can further consoli-dates the the thought or behavior of a ‘proper way of living’ by

suggesting a possible future of less waste and more engaged in ecology as a dynamic organism with live that bridges current living patterns (vertical growth) to an ap-proachable one. Consideration on social and environmental contexts, it opens up a self-sufficient life-style in urban area. The main idea of vertical farming in this project becomes popular that this similar concepts emerged in small-scale projects in later years including a nine-storey Urban Farm by Kono Designs in Tokyo. Through this influential idea, values of urban living, health and environmental concerns in urban food production can be raised.

02 DRAGONFLY // NEW YORK CITY // 2009BY VINCENT CALLEBAUT

9 10 11

image source : icd.uni-stuttgart.de

A2: DESIGN COMPUTA-TION

Utilizing computational system as a manipula-tions improves design in form-finding, materi-alization, optimization, digital analysis, fabrica-tion as well as smoothens and shortens the link between design, fabrication and construction faultlessly and efficiently. These advantages also contribute to a new, fasinating orientation in designing. For example, digital designing en-ables the use of material strength and environ-ments contexts to generate a responsive perfor-mance architecture.

In the future, higher interchangeable of infor-mation level will be achieved to create a highly transparent of cross-disciplinary working plat-form. Besides, it generates design not only based on problem-solving, but also explores new possibilities in uncertainty simultaneously. It changes the role of designers and the direction of practice from fixing to finding and exploring.

3D modelling and animation reduces time and limiting the working space in fabrication for experimenting concepts. Digital fabrication in-creases the production capability, availability and accuracy by various fabrication methods, such as 2D and 3D fabrication; subtractive, ad-dictive and formative fabrication, and means, including contouring, triangulation of forms to generate a smaller and workable 2D surfaces to print for construction. It optimize the use of materials to generate achievable geometries.

image source : www.dezeen.com

With the aid of computer science, design can be generated according to the scientific approach in three different methods, including depth first, breadth first and best first. In my usual practice, I would say ‘best first’ is mostly adopted since the time limit of each projects without any efficient digital systems support, yet, learning algorithmic program encourages me more on ‘breath first’ to try more alternatives in logical way. On the other hand, constraint satisfaction limits our way for searching possibilities by minimizing solution space, thus, it is not a suitable design strategies.

DESIGN COMPUTATION

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01 HYPERMEMBRANE DEMO // BARCELONA // 2013

BY HIBRIDa

Hypermembrane demo is used in the project, Hypermembrane Sport Stadium.It is to demonstrate the new innovation of a dynamic structure as a responsive building fabric in name of highly adaptable.

It uses geometrical definition to form the base structure. Spheres pose forces onto the curve that make the basic curving cha-rateristics on the mesh. By then, number slider is used to generate iterations. Structural analysis is performed to find the optimum performance.

Triangulation and morph are ap-plied to form the patterns of the surface to create an algorithmic controllable surface.

By dynamic beam dectector trans-mit radiation data that collected on the surface to the main controller so as to control the movement and orientation of panels as muscular behaviour, unfolding solar pan-els for capturing energy, creating shadow comfort areas when it is over-heated, internal ventilation as well as self-activated luminent at night .

Materials:

-thermomplastic strips-lightweight structure that enable to openeing-solar panels

The device used is an example of perforamtive architecture that utilizes digital technology of simulation that generate optimum performance in response to the environmental change. Providing a possible and active solution.

Yet, does it worth to operate in terms of a public facilites that may not be used extensively or highly consumed everyday?

What if the technology part is not stable?

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02 HANGZHOU OLYMPIC SPORTS CENTER // HANGZHOU // 2011-

BY NBBJ“2/3 less steel than a stadium of comparable size and capacity”

(nbbj, 2014)

Computational design is applied in the design on Hangzhou Olym-pic Sports Centre. The exterior geometric idea, very fluid and flex-ible ‘petals’ (trusses), is generated from the use of rhino and grass-hopper. They are composed of symmetrical B-spline from list of control points that made arcs with a mirrored process. Along with the use of grasshop-per that requires algorithm design, it provides iterations, refinements during the design process and can maximise the quality and quantity of design outcomes during the pro-cess. From the diagrams above, different possibilities of complex forms can be discovered in a short period of time rather than using analogue to produce different

set of drawings with unknown log-ic and values. Though this is not the first nor the most significant architecture that uses paramet-ric design, it provides a very eye-catching 3D public structure and it raises the awareness of computa-tional design. Not only the form-finding is achieved in computational design, the structural performance and design, the trusses and the forces formed from the conncetions of steel and concrete forces due to cantilevering actions are also con-sidered.Since it is designed in computer, less material use and energy per-formance can be calculated and analysed within the design period. Engineers and consultants can

work together easily with direct use of languages that ensure the optimsation of the outcome. Cost of those expensive building ma-terials, steel, can greatly reduced. Also, with computationaldesign, moderately high accuracy with clear dimensions and directions may greatly reduce the construc-tion time and labours. The con-struction was activated in 2011, and is stated for completion in 2014-2015.

In odere to achieve optimal view from the seating area, the curves of the bowl, rise angles are adjust-ed by using the modeling.

17 1918

image source : https://www.pinterest.com/behance/

A3: COMPOSITION/GENERATION

Computational technologies are broadly used nowadays that greatly impact on our design process and way of thinking, including algo-rithmic thinking, scripting, parametric design. Generation: Generative design is formed from ‘a range of possibilities” that calculated by the designers’ articulation of generative logic using selected generative computational method.

The use of generation in the architectural design process provides variables, it generates forms that have never been easily produced, mimic the natural dynamics, and design can be integrated into different disciplines such as planning, sci-ence and technology. Yet, it needs a certain level of knowledge in other disciplines and skills of programming to create an optimal, generative design with responsive features. Algorithmic thinking is the basic requirement in the design-ing process for establishing logic between each elements so as to build up the relationships for generation and maximize the control of the de-sign direction. However, designers may not gain the full control in form findings due to the auto-mation of the program.

Generic parametric model explains a highly complicated relationship and hierarchy of each interdependences in a sequence of coding that allows iterate refinement in every stage of a

image source : n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com

project.

Although generative design approach provides us a different way of process. It shifts from purely design as a form making or as a tool for fixing problems to a new approach to seek pos-sibilities in unknown situations.

As mentioned above, the control of the design may not be fully controlled. Also, there is a skep-tical question of “design as an art” or “design as a science in mathematical process”.

Is it really our design? Though we create the al-gorithmic logic and thinking, yet, does the out-come or different generations are our design?

COMPOSITION/GENERATION

“Revealing the invisible information by the use of algorithm to express the beauty and evolution in the columns.”

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Project of SUBDIVIDED COLUMNS uses subdivision skills to produce a complex form with new column order that is detail ornamented by computational design. Unlike the traditional approach, it is based on the abstracted Doric order to form individual components for sub-division process. Manipulation of these elements with different pa-rameters under the use of coded algorithms, it generates forms at all scales, curvatures and overall proportions in local condition. The underline idea of subdivision is bor-rowed from the biological process of cell splitting to generate differ-entiation. Consistency and flow of this generative design process can bring out complex, distinct and va-riety of formations.

With the generative design, it can shortened the time for design, it can be brought into different scale from the folded ratios and also, the ideas can be bought in different projects. With other advanced fab-rication process, it can be formed by 3D printing using various mate-rials. Generative process is formed from setting a few guidelines, em-bedding a logic and let the pro-gram process the subdivision with mathematics to generate the form. One can monitor and record all the generation process or relationship in between like a scientist.

However, they are not all predict-able since it contains too much details. On the other hand, the fab-rication advancement (physical)

are not matching with the compu-tational design outcome (virtual). Resolution, scale and speed of 3D printing are not so favorable at the moment. Hence, they calculate the cutting path and use laser cutting to produce thin slices. Details are mostly reserved, yet, it is labour in-tensive, costly and time consum-ing to make the design real. In later days, the use of abs plastic makes the outcome more favorable.

01 SUBDIVIDED COLUMNS// 2010-2011//

BY Michael Hansmeyer

21 22 23 24

“It uses biomimetic investigation to generate the form with fiber reinforced polymer that mimic the Eltron with

biologist researches. “

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02 ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion// 2013-14 //

BY ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart

In order to maximize the perfor-mative capacity regarding the synthesis of material efficiency, structural performance and biomi-metic design, ICD/ ITKE research pavilions demonstrates the use of computational design with modu-lar approach and robotic fabrica-tion. Elytron, a protective shell for beetles. are used as the role model for a lightweight pavilion design. Glass fiber and carbon fiber rein-forced polymer are used as the building material for creating a double layered system based on segregated trabeculae morphol-ogy. In the process, the structural depth ratio, edge length, angle, component size, module varia-tion, fiber direction, non-planarity, stress response and

moment response are analyzed and designed in the computational tools. Each stage is refined to gen-erate optimal yrt complex results.

The multi-disciplinary approach involved in the design process give benefits to the optimal perfomance capacity and design results. Re-finement in each stage can greatly enhance the design accuracy and possibilites rather than in the last.

Together with the robotic arms for construction, this complex form can be accurately produced in a time efficient way. Yet, the cost of the fabrication and expertise in de-sign process are highly required.

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Computational design will gradually replace an-alogue to become a mainstream design method since it has numerous advantages as mentioned in A.2 & A.3. It is innovative because it focuses on the process, the relationship between each object, and generation of possibilities in various scale efficiently, clearly and comprehensively rather than producing a most workable with as-sumptions. Also, common use of parametric modelers across different professional fields encourages collaboration and improves com-munication from analysis to evaluation.

Sharing of information between stakeholders simplifies the procedure of ideas transmission, ensures the quality of work which help address the most aspects, social, political and economic conditions, of problem thoroughly. This design approach itself includes mathematical way of thinking in which bring to a deeper research base of findings and stronger bonding between each arts and science.

A4: CONCLUSION

image source : https://www.pinterest.com/pin/370843350546210697/

A5: LEARNING OUT-COME

I find the architectural computing interesting and useful especially when I start using grasshop-per, a plug-in for rhinoceros. Although I am still in a very basic skill level, the program didn’t scare me off. As I gradually understand the logic of al-gorithm and am familiar with those command keys, following the scripts and trying to form an object or creating a space on my own are not so difficult. Theory and practice are both crucial for sharpening this computing skills since, to me, the script writing is exactly like writing an essay which I have to narrate all the process from the beginning till the end. It records everything. If one don’t understand the relationship relation-ship between those items, one cannot continue the script or generate the preferable outcome. Approaches to this architectural computing helps me to generate design accurately, ef-ficiently, with more variation, as well as easier to rectify issues in between the process, unlike the traditional analogue design. Playing with number sliders and seeds are the easiest way to generate different forms and patterns. Yet, I need more understanding to those vectors and equations. With the help of these programs, it definitely broadens my design thinking along the process, finding more possibilities with a com-prehensive analysis with form finding and mate-rial strength.

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APPENDIX// ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

Algorithmic sketchbook is a very useful tool and interesting exercise for us to experiment and train our algorith-mic thinking. Other than the tutorial videos, youtube, grasshopper forum, books- ‘Parametric architecture with Grasshopper primer / Arturo Tedeschi’ are alternatives for me to create a more complex geometry.

These sketches use vectors, lofts, curves, meshes, traingulation, brepbpx, surfacebox and Morph, slider etc. Varation of curves, transformation are tried to generate different outcom.

A6

Images:

1/ Self taken2-5/ Bogner, D. (2001). Frederick J. Kiesler: endless space. Hatje Cantz Pub.6-12/ Callebaut, V. (2009). Dragonfly, a metabolic farm for urban agriculture new york city 2009u.s.a.13-14/ hibrida. (2009). Hyper-membrane.15/ GiD completo. HYBRIDaSCP (Director). (2014).[Video/DVD]16-19/ nbjj. (2015). Hangzhou-stadium. Retrieved from http://www.nbbj.com/work/hangzhou-stadi-um/11, 13, 1820-24/ Hansmeyer, M. (2010). Subdivided Columns. Retrieved from http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info.html25-30/ ICD. (2013). ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14. Retrieved from http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965

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REFERENCES

Books:

Bogner, D. (2001). Frederick J. Kiesler: endless space. Hatje Cantz Pub. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45

Estévez, A. T., & Alberto, T. (2003). Arquitecturas genéticas. Sites books.

Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

Hesselgren, L., Pauly, M., Pottmann, H., & Wallner, J. (Eds.). (2010). Advances in Architectural Geometry 2010 (Vol. 17). Wien, New York: Springer.

Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25

Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003) Suggested start with pp. 3-62

Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10

Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

Responsive Architectures: Subtle Technologies. (2006). Riverside Architectural Press.

Schumacher, Patrik (2011). The Autopoiesis of Architecture: A New Framework for Architecture (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 1-28

Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cog-nitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12

A7

[ C R I T E R I A D E S I G N ]B

image source : http://www.monicaponcedeleon.com/MoMA-Fabrications

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RESEARCH FIELDS[STRIPS AND FOLDING]

Strips and folding is one of those common algorithmic technique used in parametric design. By setting up individual line and surface as the base rule, one can generate variables with continuity. Design resulted from strips and folding can achieve not only the outcomes of form finding with aesthetics qualities and optimum design, but this design approach can also stimulate and integrate the analysis of structural and material performance.

Strips Design:Strips design is normally charac-terized by the use of long sheets. In architecture, strips are bent, twist-ed, overlapped, crossed, wrapped and folded to define a space or as a decorative element. As men-tioned above, to achieve the struc-tural stability, taking account of material performance itself and the relationship with the surround-ing environments are crucial in the design process to generate a favorable outcome. Material effi-ciency is one of the most signifi-cant benefit from strips design by modular fabrication and minimum use of materials.

Folding design:Folding design is the constitu-tion of continuous discontinuity by doubling layers upon itself. The rationale behind it is based on the mathematics proposed by Leibniz. In architecture, ‘folding’ technique becomes more appealing in the 1990s because of its pliant and mutable characteristics that can give rise to the aesthetics richness and compositional complexity of the design in different scale. The common use of this technique in parametric design can be ex-plained by the argument, ‘it is a process for developing a form’, that raised by Eisenman; as well as the development of ‘smooth trans-formation’ by Lynn. Manipulation of the curvilinear logic within the flexible form generates intricate outcomes.

B1

Mind-bending wooden pavilion is characterised by its twisted, three dimentional mobius form that ex-pressed in planar plywood ribs and strips.

This complex geometry is created by two layers of mobius strips clad-ding. Both ribs and strips are analy-sised under axial and bending forces in parametric design and modelling.

Fabrication:Material waste is minimised by reori-enting cutting tool paths and place of components. For strips and metal object, they are unfolded into a flat pattern for fabrication so as to mini-mise distortion.

image sources : http://www.formakers.eu/project-473-mcgill-soa-contemplay-pavilion

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01 Students Create Mind-Bending Wooden Parameteric Pavilion//

2012// BY Facility for Architectural Research

in Media and Mediation

04 ICD/ ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION// 2010 //BY ICD/ ITKEICD/ ITKE Research Pavilion/ 2010/ demon-strates the evolvement of material-oriented computational design that resulted in a light-weight, elastically- bent plywood strips active structure. Studying of plywood strips physcial behaviuor and its material characteristics in terms of tension forces, stresses, deflections and bending moments are calculated as the base principle for this parametric design. Loca-tion of joints is changed throughout the edifice for the consideration of optimal energy distribu-tion and the morphological differentiation.

Strips are manufactured as 2D (planar) ele-ments by robot.

FEM simulation fot material performance, the genertive computational design and digital fab-rication allow synchronization and integration of information into design process that improves the efficiency and quality of outcomes.

image sources: http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965

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image source: http://aspundir.blogspot.com.au/2014/08/cool-photos-172.html

B2: CASE STUDY 1.0

image source: http://www.biothing.org/?author=1

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01/SEROUSSI PAVILION//2010//

BY BIOTHING

Seroussi Pavilion by Biothing is designed to al-low local adaption to current site conditions. Parametric relationship between each strip is controlled by algorithmic approach. Indiviudal strip influences each other under electromag-netic fields.

In grasshopper, curves are divided as points and are attracted or repelled by point charge and spin force. Changing position of these points (source charge) generate a continuous charge distribution that influence nearby points. Resulting a generative and dynamic cells ar-rangement.

CurvesPointsITERATIONS

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Surface Grid

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[TOP LEFT]

The fluidity, continuity attract me the most. It spreads out and falls down on the top nicely while lines are anchored through a few points on the plane. It is like enclosing a space to three zones in a public area, such as plaza. Few lines on the plane help difine the space.

I uses two set of independent graph mapper to con-tol the shape of the fall.

[TOP RIGHT]

Gradually increased of height to form a main space (is loacte at the centre) on the top that supported by numerous small, tent-like indivduals under are inter-esting. Also, with an oval shape openings at the top.

Lines are concentrated to define an area.

Architectural application: spatial arrangement of a public building. The main atrium or lobby is always located at the centre. It indicates the circulation of a building as well.

[BOTTOM LEFT]

Surface is divided and th points are centralised at the centre to create a denser charge attraction. Cull pat-tern is used to minimise the points. Graph mapper is changed to different one (sine), decay and strength of the point charge are modified too.

I am trying to spread all lines out to create a circle. It looks like a lighting device. I believe this will provide a good shading results since the density of lines at the top spread out to give a shelter- like character.

[BOTTOM RIGHT]

Equal distribution of points in a grid gives a balance results of lines that can be seen in this outcome. Al-though it is complicated, lots of leaves- like shape overlapped, the overall geometry can be seen clearly. Decay of the point charge is the main componect that altered in this script.

Pavilion, sheltered structure, transpotation nodes/ stadium structure are associate with this shape.

image sources: http://www.mas.caad.arch.ethz.ch/mas1011/indexe0d2.html?p=742

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M3: BENDED & TWISTED // 2011//

BY MAS CAAD ETH Zürich

[INFORMATION]

Bended and Twisted is a project originated to design for the CAAD chair as a paravent to enclose a working space. In this case study, bending and twisting are focused. Hence, the curvature of the structure and material performance are empha-sised by the creation of joints. Using three joints of each cell pattern to create a free-standing struc-ture.

B3

Create point list -> Cull pattern to create polyines for these triangles


Find out the pattern.

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Using similat techniqe to create the second set (joints) of pattern by poly centroid, evaluate mid-point of the curves and scale, boundary to create plane.

Create arch, scale geometry and evaluate the length to adjust the outer traingle shape

REVERSE ENGINEERING

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TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENTB4

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B4: TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT

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Pattern is interlocked to create a thin, elegant form from 2 set of triangle.

Change: vect 2pt, scale, and evaluate of line

Three small triangular planes are attached with an-other set of vertical strips. Continuity is highlighted to generate a canopy like structure.

[ 65 ]

Pattern is interlocked to create an elegant form.

Change: vect 2pt, scale, and evaluate of line

Three small triangular plane is locked with another set of vertical strips. Continuity is highlighted here to generate a canopy like structure


TECHNIQUE PROTOTYPESB5

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A strong,stiff and bendable material is required to produce a platform structure. Pattern from B.3 Case study 2.0 is used here to test the connection between strips and joints itself.

[Plywood] achieve the above characteristics since the layers of wood veeneer. [MDF] difficult to bend, since it is wood fibres that made from wood residual with other materials.

Selection Criteria: I am extremely interesed in the design of joints as in a part of pattern which communicate itself beau-tifully. Hence, the design of joints that can integrate in the pattern is the main focus of this project.

Clip lock of the plane is used to lock the whole strucutre to-gether.

However, timber swells after contact with water which may lower the life of the platform. The joints may hence have to be reconsidered since the stability is being questioned.

TECHNIQUE PROTOTYPESSET 1

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Issue [1]: 1. 3mm x 10mm plywood is not suitable for bending since the stregth to length ratio is high.

Temporary Solution: Using boil water to bend strips.

Issue [2]: joints are not well designed that the opening can merely allow 3mm thick ply-wood to cross through.

Temporary Solution: Using cutting knife to adjust the opening of the joints.

Issue [3]: the side thickness of joint is too thin that it breaks easily.


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Create own joints into this shape. The strip lock can hold the shape, however, the plane (joint) fail to set in place since the lack of joint connections between them.

Yet, a vertical cut into those plane can generate a new 3D pattern that patterns run through x and y axis.


[ 73 ]

image source: http://snohetta.com/project/229-swarovski-kristallwelten

image source: http://snohetta.com/project/229-swarovski-kristallwelten

B6: DESIGN PROPOSAL

SITE OF INTEREST

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CONNECTION OF RIVER BANKS-1. BRIDGES ACROSS THE RIVER.

NO WAY CROSS THE RIVER- MERRI CREEK AT CLIFTON HILL

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SITE OBSERVATION

WATER QUALITY- FAIRLY CLEAN

image source : http://feelgrafix.com/734367-amazing-water-background.html

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SITE ANALYSIS[WATER QUALITY]

[WATER VALUE]- CURRENT: MODERATELONG TERM: VERY HIGH

“Amenity enjoyed from waterways is moderate, with specific areas important for relaxation and rejuvenation. Vegetation and litter management works aim to improve amenity to high over the next 20 years.”

[Melbourne Water, 2015. “Yarra Catchment”. “http://www.melbournewater.com.au/waterdata/riverhealthdata/yarra/Pages/Yarra-catchment.aspx’]

[RIVER HEIGHTS]-

is recorded as steady and the lowest among all the the nearest stations. -Merri Creek at St Geroges Road.

[ Commonwealth of Australia , Bureau of Meteorology. 2015 “http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/wrap_fwo.pl?IDV60201.html#notes”]

FACILITIES ALONG RIVER BANKS- IMBALANCE RATIO OF CIRCULATION FACILITIES AND ATTRACTIONS.

[City of Darebin, 2015. Merri Creek Trail. https://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/~/media/cityofdarebin/Files/Darebin-Living/ParkingTransport/Transport/MerriCreekTrail.ashx?la=en.]

BRIDGE DISTANCE

[ 83 ]

CIRCULATION

RAILWAY STATION

DIGHTS FALLS

ROAD

19KM

15KM

17KM

18KM

BRIDGE DISTANCE

16KM

- LONGEST DISTANCE BETWEEN BRIGDES AND ARTIFICAL ROAD IN THE SITE.

PROMOTE ENGAGEMENT WITH WATER

REBUILD CONNECTIVITY ALONG THE RIVER

Designing a new space on water bodies with different relative levels.

-1. Response to the river heights level, flooding.

-2. User friendly: to open public.

SITE RESPONSE- CONCEPTUAL & TECHNICAL

TESSELLATION: NUMEROUS PATTERNS CAN BE GENERATED AND EMBEDDED INTO DIFFERENCE SURFACE IN WHICH PROVIDES THE LARGEST FLEXIBILITY WHEN DESIGNING. ALSO, THE SIZE OF TEC-TONICS CAN BE EASILY DETERMINED AND FABRICATE BY STRIPS. RELATIVELY COST- EFFECTIVE AND EASY TO ASSEMBLE ON SITE.

DRAWBACKS: PATTERN HAS TO BE CAREFULLY CHOOSEN AND WRITTEN AS A DEFINITION SINCE THE GENERATION OF OTHER PATTERN WILL BE HEAVILY AFFECTED.

STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF THE PATTERN HAS TO BE CONSIDERED AS WELL.

FLUID, CONTINUOUS AND LIGHT DESIGN MAYBE DIFFICULT TO PRODUCE.

[ 85 ]SITE RESPONSE- CONCEPTUAL & TECHNICAL

image source : http://www.likehdwallpaper.com/2014/07/sunset-hot-air-balloon-wallpapers.html

[ 87 ]

LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME

Computational design maximize the design outcomes in the way of generating possibilities by design-ing process. Exposing ourselves to these CAD tools can greatly achieve those benefits mentioned before, such as form finding and optimization, in case study one. Time efficiency is probably the most significant advantage when it comes to generating possibili-ties. Yet, manipulating this tech-nique takes time since the setup of definition is complicated and the unfamiliarity of those plug-ins. There is always an alternative, a better and efficient way to write a script, but the condition is to mas-ter those plug-ins as well.

Also, one of the issue that I crossed by is setting up a logic that is not efficient without knowing the fact.

It slows down the design process.

Researches in part B show differ-ent design techniques in compu-tational environment. Unique and independent features can be found in each design category, such as strips and folding, tessellation, pat-terning. They are coded differently yet can be fused together to gener-ate a new dimension. By the time of producing iterations in B2 case study one and creating the defini-tion for B3 case study two, it pro-vides a chance to explore more of those tecnhiques. I started

to understand how to manipulate different commands and set-up a clear script to form a best defi-nition. I spent most of the time in part B3 since I find out more than 2 methods to produce the same outcome, yet, not all of them are generative. Also, I found out that, the awareness of data structure is the most important thing when producing a logic.

Because each of our classmates has our own specific design direc-tion, we use different tools to pro-duce our design, hence, sharing definitions among us can better our knowledge in different aspects. I am very interested in these tools now.

B7

[ 89 ]

Using Millipede plug in for mesh relaxation


B8

[ 91 ]


[ D E T A I L E D D E S I G N ]C

C1: DESIGN CONCEPT

[ 97 ]

To continue its philosophy of sustainability, recyclabil-ity and affordability, bike spokes from recycled bike wheels on site are selected as the main material to

construct with. It is readily available on site since the BikeShed has received plenty of bike spokes donation.

Cladding will be added on top with better sheltering performance and light transmittance.

Due to the size varation of bike spokes, standardized of all elements are crucial for structural stability and

constructability. As a result, it could be assembled on site easily with the help of volunteers.

“A new bike shed with structural performance is designed with the traingle tessellation pat-

tern based on Part B in 3-Dimensional version as a truss.”

[Collaborators]

JICHUAN YUADAM KELSEY

SHELLEY WU

[B]ESPOKEN “CUSTOM-MADE”

INTERIM FEEDBACK: Referring to the interim feedback, prototypes from Part B3 are well devel-oped with its triangle tessellation pattern; mate-riality and connection. However, design concept could be more site-specific. Design concept has been adjusted and finalized as the renewal of the BikeShed at CERES.

The natural environment in which CERES is locat-ed, offers both natural lighting and shading. The Bike Shed is currently situated under the canopies of eucalyptus trees; in the form of a dome, an ar-ray of bike wheels are welded in series with steel angles supported to the ground.The structure is covered by the attached mesh with cable ties. All the materials used are readily attainable on site and therefore is an affordable and sustainable construction outcome.

[ 99 ]

SITE CONDITION

CURRENT

OPEN SPACE RUN BY VOLUNTEERS

A GATHERING LOACATION FOR BIKEENTHUSIASTS

OFFERS A SPACE FOR PEOPLE TO LEARN TOBUILD AND REPAIR THEIR OWN BIKE

SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF RECYCLED BIKE MATERIALS GOOD SHADING FROM THE NATURALENVIRONMENT

CURRENT BIKE SHED HAS BEEN EXISITINGFOR OVER TWENTY YEARS

ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED

1) SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORABLE

2) EASILY FABRICATED/CONSTRUCTED

3) SHELTER THE ELEMENTS

[ 101 ]

SITE CONDITION

Generate point grid for triangle pat-tern (part B).

During prototyping, a few connected units inform the natural curvature of spoke in active bending and the final outcome as in sphere shape. Sphere is created as the surface for point grid to lay on during Kangaroo Simulation. [imitating the curve of spoke]

By moving points and setting ampli-tude in the centre, apex point is cre-ated. After that, ‘tetrahedron’ shape is made from linking points to arc

Re-order apex point to form another grid for different cladding and tilting rate.

Offset distance and joints loaction are included for cladding design.

[ 103 ]

During prototyping, a few connected units inform the natural curvature of spoke in active bending and the final outcome as in sphere shape. Sphere is created as the surface for point grid to lay on during Kangaroo Simulation. [imitating the curve of spoke]

Pulling grid to surface by acti-vating Kangaroo simulation.

Applying script in Part B to set up the 2D base pattern

Re-order apex point to form another grid for different cladding and tilting rate.

Offset distance and joints loaction are included for cladding design.

Reusing the script of triangle tessel-lation on top to create another layer for patterning.

Generate an overall shape by cull pattern using curves.

TECHNIQUE DIAGRAM

[ 105 ]

[ 107 ]

[ 109 ]

[1] construct the core skeleton with joints and base plate

[2] fasten cladding pattern and main cladding material on top.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

[i]

[iIi]

[ii]

[iv]

SPOKE

JOINT

BASE PLATE

CLADDING

PREPARATION

TOPBOTTOM

EDGE

COREEDGE

ORIGINALSTANDARDISED

TOPPATTERN

LASER CUT

LASER CUT

CONSTRUCTING 2D BASE WITH

[i][ii][iii]

ASSEMBLE

[ 111 ]

CONSTRUCTING 2D BASE WITH

[i][ii][iii]

ASSEMBLE

CONSTRUCTING 3D WITH [i][ii][iii]

CONSTRUCTING 3D WITH [iv]CLADDING

FABRICATION PROCESS

2D BASE

TENSION

COMPRESSION

MODULAR UNIT

CLADDING

[ 113 ]

TENSION

COMPRESSION

CLADDING

VECTOR FORCE

[ 115 ]

RATIONALE

Fundamental scheme is con-structed by spokes and connec-tions (primary structure), that form the base frame by com-pressing the end of each spoke to the joint. In order to maintain the repetitive triangle pattern, equi-lateral triangles will be adopted in the first place by standardizing the length of spokes so as to keep each unit regular. Each joint locat-ing at the vertex of the triangle anchors 2 spokes to produce its shape.

To interlock each unit at the ver-tices and midpoint, as well as to maximize the restraint of spoke’s curvature, base plate is necessary to provide secondary support.

Development:

To create the curve in each edge for its aesthetics and structural quality, bending spokes by hand has been tested. The results are not favorable since different curvature among those spokes weaken the strength of itself at different points due to permanent deflection from bending. This gen-erates inconsistence and instabil-ity in terms of the constraint at the joints. Base on this undesirable re-sult, active bending is considered as a better solution by anchoring the spokes and controlling the optimal curvature without losing its strength within the joints.

[ 117 ]

ASSEMBLY DRAWING

C2: TECTONIC ELE-MENTS/ PROTOTYPES

[ 121 ]

PROTOTYPE

In these three weeks, we managed to achieve our goal and produce a well-resolved design for BikeShed at CERES. Unlike the working process of other groups, we commence with prototyping and then go back and forth to digital scripting. Photos on the left demon-strate part of our working process from the beginning till the finalised shape.

[STEPS]-understand material properties 啊 design for structural stability 啊 acknowledge and solving issues 啊 design for aesthetics 啊 refine and moderate-

I am so fortunate to work with my groupmates and my tutor, CanHui Chen. Without their passion, the out-come will not be that successful and rewarding.

[ 123 ]

Relating back to the sustainability systems in CERES and as a reflection of our client, the Bike Shed, spokes are our choice of framing material for the canopy – some of its properties in-cludes the flexibility and durability whilst being readily available on site. As spokes come in different lengths, we have stan-dardized our prototypes to 260mm.

Essentially, through the joining of multiple distorted pyramid modules, the natural curvature of the base, will inform the structural integrity of the whole system whist informing the final form.

[ 125 ]

Spokes are generally made of galvanized or chrome plated steel.

[ADVANTAGES]

-High strength and stiffness in tension, compression and shear-Good ductility

POTENTIAL RISKS:[RUST]

Surface rust on recycled spoke is friable and flaky; and provides no protection to underlaying steel. It weakens the steel that may cause structural deterio-ration.

[METHOD] for rust removal:

-Apply Rust converter and sealer directly to rusty surface.

SPOKE

[ 127 ]

Photo shows the concern of curvature in each unit due to the nature of steel when force applied at both ends. It will affect the possibility to generate a reason-able size of canopy because the higher the bending rate is, the smaller the overall shape can be produced.

Along the prototyping process, joint, base plate, centre piece and middle support are all informing the cur-vature. Thus, manipulation of these elements can control the bending rate of spoke.

CURVATURE

Photo shows the concern of curvature in each unit due to the nature of steel when force applied at both ends. It will affect the possibility to generate a reasonable size of canopy because the higher the bending rate is, the smaller the overall shape can be produced.

Along the prototyping process, joint, base plate, centre piece and middle support are all informing the curva-ture. Thus, manipulation of these elements can control the bending rate of spoke.

[ 129 ]

Joints (Current)The chosen form of fabrication for the joining of spokes is 3D printing using ABS (Acrylonitrile – Butadiene – Styrene) plastic. This type of thermoplastic polymer is strong and durable at low temperatures whilst also being resistant towards heat (approximately 100°C) and impact, and is water-tight and lightweight. Due to these properties, the performance in wet weather con-ditions on the site of Merri Creek is not hindered, al-though degradation through UV radiation is a concern. However, as oils and greases are used on a regular basis on site, ABS has good resistance against these substances thus the reducing the degradation through chemical reaction.

The use of ABS in 3D printing allows for more intricate design, allowing the insertion of spokes to be accurate and at different points. Initially, insertion points were of even distribution; however the distribution has been al-tered for the purpose of having a flatter base and thus, a reduced depth in curvature of base spokes to allow for a longer span.

As the end joins are identical/cladding joints are identi-cal, mass production through 3D printing is possible. Through mass production, the production of a single connection joint is approximately 15 minutes – 20 joints maximum at 7.5mm radius resulting in a 7 hour printing session.

JOINT

Joints (Potential)The concerns with the use of ABS include the durability/rate of degradation when exposed to the natural elements over a long period of time. Although ABS has a high resistance to water, it has poor resistance to UV radiation which proves be just as concerning.Timber dowels has been considered, however the main prob-lem that arises is the durability of the material within the natu-ral environment. Even with treating, because the dimensions of each dowel would have to be relatively small, and the forces which need to be acting on the spokes, the durability is ques-tionable.

Through the development of 3D printing, stainless steel is now a material that can be considered. Stainless steel has a very high melting point, is watertight, and very resistant to natural elements thus being the most suitable material.

[i] hole holds spoke in single unit[ii] winding hole for holding (bended)spoke in adjacent unit at midpoint[iii] for fastening base plate in place with screw and nut

[a] ensure stiffness between holes[b] tapered for aesthetics, matching the spoke and base plate nicely

PROFILE [A]

[ 131 ]

PROFILE [A]

JOINT DEVELOPMENT

PROFILE [B] PROFILE [C] PROFILE [D] PROFILE [E]

[1]: Temporary joint- Size of eye-lets are tested. Bottom notches fit well

[2]: Upper piece act as an additional protective element to cladding. Issue: [i] nuts are not securely fixed in place even with adhesive. [ii] due to the upper piece, screw is only fastened at the top and difficult to fully fastened to the main cavity. [iii] potential risk of uplifting under wind force that bottom notches cannot fixed those spokes properly.

BOTTOM JOINT

TOP JOINT

[i] Develop based on profile [C], with middle hole that hold another spoke from adjacent unit. [ii] The notch is used to fix base plate.

[i] First attempt to solve the curvature problem from the above (bending too much inwards and downwards): tilting up the hole at the base to minimise the bending rate. It works well on 2D plane, however, the normal horizontal joint for 3D strcture turn up the whole unit.[ii] Eyelet for screw and nut is designed to fix the plate.

[i] Attempt to use the same method to control the rate for the top hole. Yet, it bends even more since the top joint lifts up the unit .

[i] Since the top joint holding spoke that turn up-wards, orientation should be adjusted to down-wards so as to reduce the tilting angle.

[i] Redesign to correct the right eyelet position for screw and nuts.

[ii] after finishing the large prototype, some of the base plates bend due to the curvature of each unit and slight difference with adjacent one. [ii] design to tilt down the notch[iii] printing issue cause it breaks (red dashed line)

[i] instead of tilting the whole top section, tilt-ing the cut instead[ii] eyelets for screw and nuts extruded[iii] Yet, too narrow on the edge(as shown in photo)[iv] printing eyelets insignificantly

[ 133 ]

BOTTOM JOINT DEVELOPMENT

[ 135 ]

3D PRINTING

[A]

3D printing is the most crucial fabrication method in this project because all of the connections rely on this. [To produce 60 units, 180 bottom joints, 30 edges joints, and 60 sets of top joints= 270 are needed] [A]. Yet, there are numerous issues we encountered.-Complete clearance of support [B]-Variance of hole size and direction after heating up spoke to clear holes [D]-3D printers problem [Error]

On the other side, apart from the material used in 3D printing, the printing setup is also important to the quality of the joints. To achieve maximum strength of each joint, quality is tuned to be Fine, together with 0.35mm Z Resolution, densest fill and only base sup-port. Printing direction has to be horizontal that allows the extruding materials lay parallel to the cut direction. This is to stiffen the cut area and ensure it would not break along the grain when force applied. [C]

[B] [D]

[C]

[C]

[C]

[ 137 ]

BASE PLATE

The design of the baseplate is informed by the bend-ing of the spokes [inwards]. It serves the purpose of connecting at the midpoint of the curvature to the next adjoining module. The additional decora-tive elements are for aesthetic purposes both from below the canopy along with subtle shadows fea-tures as a result of filtered light through the cladding.

The material initially used for prototyping is MDF (medium-density-fibreboard). Aesthetically, the MDF homogenizes well within the natural land-scape overlooking the Bike Shed. However, as MDF consists of wooden materials, weather proofing becomes another problem to be solved.

Although MDF as an opaque material creates stron-ger shadow affects, we have instead decided on Perspex – also known as acrylic glass – as the ma-terial for the baseplate member. The transparency gives the appearance of a lighter weight structure, whilst filtering through more light the shadow effects are more subtle. As a material, Perspex is relatively durable; its most deeming attribute however, is its weatherproofing properties (water and UV resistance).

Another similar material to be considered is poly-carbonate (Lexan or Makrolon). The main differ-ence when comparing to Perspex (acrylic), polycar-bonate has a higher impact resistance, however is more expensive and easier to scratch. While acrylic may be the most UV stable material, there are op-tions for UV resistant grades (at a higher cost).

[ 139 ]

[1] [2]

[4] [5]

[7] [8]

[3]

[ 141 ]

[8]

CENTRE PIECEMID- SUPPORT

At the beginning of the project, centre piece is designed as an additional element to restrict spokes in place and curvature.

[MUTATION]

[1] The 1st test: better improvement on holding spokes, but it moves and not lay horizontally.

[2-5] Showcasing design process and the development of middle support for anchoring centre piece at a fixed position by connecting to the base plate. Still, spokes are not steadily anchored.

[6] From the development of active bending, centre piece is not sufficient for structual support. This is kept in the design solely for articulation.

[7] Discovering the issue raised by cuvature of each unit and start to solve it by anchoring apex joint down to the base plate. However, middle support will not be aesthetically pleasing with base plate.

[8] Using transparent perspex for aesthetics. Yet, it in-creases the uncertainty by affecting the bend. Also, it breaks immediately after installment. Due to the above concern, it is not included in final de-sign.

[3]

[6]

Decision in using PVC (Poly-Vinyl-Chloride) is due to its natural resource saving properties throughout its production process, as well as the benefit of recy-clability. As it contains approximately 43% carbon, the carbon is derived ethylene – a plant based oil – a resource which is renewable as opposed to fossil fuel based resources which are more finite. This type of thermoplastic also consists of 57% of chlorine, allow-ing for excellent fire resistance.

Its versatility in appearance and flexibility allows for the cladding to be a semi-transparent and lightweight in form. The specific type/grade of PVC will have to be further explored to avoid degradation from natural elements; particularly UV radiation, moisture and temperature.

CLADDING

[ 145 ]

POSSIBLE CLADDING SOLUTION

[ 147 ]

Shape, Layers and Layout, informing the water shed per-formance, are considered in the cladding design.

[SHAPE]

[LAYERS]-

[LAYOUT] Overlay from the top to the bottom. Overlapping area: on top of apex point, fastened by screws and nuts Overlapping distance: 20mm

Diamond -> Triangle -> CircleDiamond:cannot overlap nicely in curve sur faceTraingle: too much traingleCircle: juxtapose triangle structure underneath nicely

1 layer ->2 layers1 layer: good enough for water shed but no pattern & color2 layers: doing both

CLADDING PROTOTYPES

Polyproplyene (PP) is selected as the cladding proto-type since its economical property, wide variety of co-lour selection, good resistance to fatigue and relatively high melting point (130 °C+).However, standard polyproplyene is liable to chain degradation when exposed to UV radiation and heat. UV radiation interact with carbon bonds to form free raidcals and react with oxygen that may subject to cracks and crazes.

PP that contains UV stabilizers, carbon black, anti-ox-idents and polyproplene resin are suitable for outdoor application.

MATERIAL SELECTION

[ 151 ]

FINAL SHAPE - CLADDING

[INSTALLATION METHOD]Direction: Layer 1 ->Layer 2; From periphery to the centre

LAYER 2 [TOP]WATER SHED

LAYER 1 [BOTTOM]PATTERN

[ 153 ]

Under View

Top View

[ 155 ]

FEASIBILITY

Although bike spokes and brake cables are free, 3D

printing abs filament, perspex, polyproplyene and la-

ser cut service are relatively costly, especially the spool

and perspex. Economical aspect of this project has to

be reexamined.

On the other hand, it is time consuming in terms of

both fabrication and construction. One single 3D print-

ed joint with highest density and fine quality require

more than 20 minutes to fabricate, not to mention

the preparation time for each session as well as the

size of the printing table. Also, since it is composed

of modular unit with complicated interlocking system.

Core structure of each unit contains 6 bike spokes, 1

base plate, connected to 7 joints. Each apex point is

fixing 6 pieces of cladding materials. These require ac-

curate joining method and procedure as well as large

workforce to build one structure.

Spoke test[maximum strength without permanent deformation]:https://vimeo.com/145479244

Simulating the actual force from joints at both ends.

From the graph shown on the right, Spoke is pretty ductile and flexible that it starts to deform and remains as curved spoke permanently when it is forced inwards 35mm and upwards 40mm.

This informs the maximum bending rate of the spoke before deformation.

[ 159 ]

MATERIALITY- TESTING[CURVATURE]

STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY [MODULAR UNIT]

Structural integrity test [modular unit]:https://vimeo.com/145045562

After assembling the basic unit, we tried to drop it from 1.5 meter high to test its strength.

RESULTS:

SATISIFED

-Joints hold spokes tightly without broken or poke out.

[ 161 ]

MATERIALITY- TESTING[DURABILITY]

Structural integrity test [system]: https://vimeo.com/145018780

After assembling the basic skeleton, we tried to drop it from 1meter high to test its compactness.

RESULTS: SATISIFED

-Modular unit system with flexible connections between each unit trans-mit shear and permit deformation at the joint.

-Joints are designed with tolerance that allow slight temperature, struc-tural movement.

-Its natural curvature of each unit and the materiality of bike spoke give it bouncing property.

STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY [SYSTEM]

C3: FINAL DETAIL MODEL

Since [B]espoken has its potential to develop as a per-manent structure at the Bike Shed in CERES, modera-tions and refinement of structural stability and water shed performance are necessary to meet the current on-site situation.

[ 167 ]

[MIDDLE PLATE]: pattern is re-moved because it weakens the perspex.

[EDGE PLATES]: 2 shapes are designed to respond the edge support and hanging with cables.

[Additional recycled bike components]: brake cable, creates edge support and serves as a hanging material because of its lightness, strength and flexiblity. Brake cable is utilized to transmit mechanical force by the movement of inner helical steel/ stainless steel wires.

[Cable Sleeves]: Fasten cable in place.

[ 169 ]

[EDGE PLATES]: 2 shapes are designed to respond the edge support and hanging with cables.

REFINEMENT AND MODERA-TIONS

C4: LEARNING OBJEC-TIVES & OUTCOMES

Especially after Part C, I strongly recognise the ef-ficiency of adopting computational design. During prototyping, accuracy (to 0.1mm) is crucial in design-ing joints, thus, with the help of grasshopper, slight adjustment can be made quickly. Also, it informs us the overall shape of the canopy by using our testing results and standardized data.

Although we are still in the beginner stage in these design, we look forward to manipulate for the future works.

KA WING KAREN [email protected]

bespoken_updated

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