best available techniques reference document for the waste
TRANSCRIPT
For our Environment
Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Waste Water Treatment/Management in the Chemical Sector (BREF CWW)
Birgit Brahner Environmental engineerGerman Federal Environmental Agency
Outline
� Information regarding chemical industry in Germany
� Background regarding BREF Document
� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)the chemical sector (CWW BREF)
� Monitoring
� Conclusions
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Inorganic basic
chemicals9%
Petro-chemicals
19%
Phama-ceuticals
20%
Detergents and personal care products
8%
Production structure of the German chemical/pharmac eutical industry
Production value in percent, 2013
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19%
Polymers20%
Fine & Specialty products
24%
20%
Source: Destatis, VCI
3
Commercial relevance of the chemical sector in Germ any
Share in sales of the manufacturing sector, 2013
21,0%
12,8%
36,4%
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Source: Destatis, VCI
12,8%
11,0%10,1%
8,7%
Vehicleconstruction
Mechanical engineering
Chemical industry
Food Electricalengineering
Others
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Size structure of the German chemical/pharmaceutica l industry
Share of enterprises in percent, 2012
> 500 staff142 companies
6,9%
companies total: 2.057
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Source: Destatis, VCI
10 - 49 staff1.029
companies 50,0%
50 - 499 staff886
companies 43,1%
SME total: ca. 93%
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Outline
� Information regarding chemical industry in Germany
� Background regarding BREF Document
� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)the chemical sector (CWW BREF)
� Monitoring
� Conclusions
22. April 2015 Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector 6
Background regarding BREF documents
� Best available technique Reference Document (BREF document)
� Legally binding documents in the European Union (EU) defining the best available techniques (BAT), the emission levels associated with BAT and monitoring measures for relevant polluting industries
� Objective: “To achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole”
� BAT for a particular industrial sector is identified by an information � BAT for a particular industrial sector is identified by an information exchange process for each sector between EU member states, industry and environmental organisations
� Outcome of the information exchange is the BAT Reference document
� BAT is not only to install a specific technique but the overall concept how a plant or technique is designed, built, maintained and operated.
� BAT conclusions do not prescribe the use of specifi c techniques , but a level of environmental protection that shall be achieved by the application of BAT!
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Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Documentsfor the Chemical Sector
• Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment / Management Systems in theChemical Sector (CWW)
• Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry (LVOC)
• Organic Fine Chemicals (OFC)
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• Polymers (POL)
• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals -Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC – AAF)
• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Solidsand Others (LVIC – S)
• Speciality Inorganic Chemicals (SIC)
• Production of Chlor-Alkali (CAK)
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Common W aste Water and W aste Gas Treatment / Management Systems in the Chemical Sector (CWW BREF)� CWW is dealing with environmental issues for the whole chemical
industry, e.g. regarding waste water
− Environmental management systems− Water saving− Waste water management, collection and (pre)treatment
� Techniques listed and described are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive
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� Techniques listed and described are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive
� binding is the described level of the environmental protection
� Process-integrated techniques and recovery of pollutants are dealt with in specific chemical BREFs
� The treatment/incineration of waste water sludge is dealt with in the
BREF „Waste Treatment Waste Incineration“
� The treatment of waste other than waste water sludge is dealt with in
the BREF “Waste treatment“9
Outline
� Information regarding chemical industry in Germany
� Background regarding BREF Document
� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)
� Monitoring
� Conclusions
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Reduction of water usage and generation of waste wa terBAT is…
… to reduce the volume and/or load of waste water st reams
� direct waste water recycling, i.e. reuse of slightly contaminated waste water in other processes not influenced by these contaminants
� pretreatment of waste water and subsequent reuse (in the same or in another process),
� washing at high pressure and at a low flow rate
� implementing multiple use and recirculation operations
� using indirect cooling with vapour phases
� using water-free vacuum generation
� using solvents as the ring medium in vacuum pumps
� closed cycle liquid ring vacuum pumps
� counter current product washing
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Management of waste water streams (I)
BAT is…
… to establish an inventory of waste water including the follow information
� chemical reaction equations, including side products
� simplified process flow sheets of all production steps and processes to show the origin of the emissions
� descriptions of process-integrated techniques and waste water treatment at source, pre-treatment installations and the final treatment
� average and variety of water volume and loads, pH, temperature and conductivity
� average concentrations and load values of relevant pollutants
� data on bioeliminability
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Management of waste water streams (II)
BAT is… For multi-operator sites:
… to establish a convention to set out the roles,
responsibilities and coordination of operating
procedures for each plant operator
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
���� Clarifying the role, responsibilities, and coordination of operating
procedures of each operator/owner of an installation on the
industrial site and other parties of the convention regarding shared
(or linked) infrastructures, installations, activities and associated
resources
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Waste water collection and segregation
In order to prevent the contamination of uncontaminated water andreduce the emissions to water, BAT is…
… to segregate uncontaminated waste water streams from otherwaste water streams that require treatment
In order to prevent uncontrolled emissions to water, BAT is…
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
… to provide an appropriate buffer storage capacity for waste water incurred during other than normal conditions based on a risk assessment
� taking into account e.g. the nature of the pollutant, the effects on further treatment and the receiving environment)
and to take appropriatemeasures
� e.g. control, treat, reuse
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Waste water pretreatment
BAT is… … to pretreat waste water that contains pollutants that cannot be
dealt with adequately during final waste water treatment
� Toxic and poorly/non biodegradable compounds or metals
� Compounds that otherwise are stripped to air (e.g. volatile
halogenated organic compounds, benzene)
� Compounds that have other negative effects (e.g. corrosion of
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
� Compounds that have other negative effects (e.g. corrosion of
equipment, unwanted reaction with other substances,
contamination of the sludge)
� Protection of the final waste water plant
� Pretreatment has to be carried out as close as possible to the
source prior to blending
� No dilution please
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Waste water pretreatment: Waste water streams with relevant refractory organic load
� Classify waste water streams
− If bioeliminability < 80%: pretreatment is required
− if bioeliminability > 80% or if it is lower than 7.5 – 40 kg TOC per batch or per day: refractory organic load not relevant,
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
� Segregate and pretreat waste water streams containing relevant refractory organic load
� Pretreatment techniques (see OFC BREF, Chap. 4.3.7.1):
− Oxidative (incineration, chemical oxidation, …)
− Non-oxidative (distillation, stripping , adsorption,…)
� BAT is: overall COD elimination of > 95% (pretreatment and biological treatment)
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Waste water pretreatment: Remove of solvents in wastewater streams (I)
� High volumes used: high environmental impact of a process�recovery and re-use of solvents / utilisation of calorific value
� Recovery of solvents from waste water streams is always viable if
Costs for biological > Costs for recovery +
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
− Energy balance (in comparison to “biological treatment –stripping/ destillation/ thermal oxidation”) shows that natural fuel can be substituted
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Costs for biological treatment + purchase costs for fresh solvents
> Costs for recovery +purification
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Example: Remove of solvents in waste water streams (II)
Examples for the removal of different solvents from waste water streams from example plant (Table 4.74, OFC BREF)
Input g/l Output g/l Removal of CHC content
Stripping with air 2 – 12 CHCs < 1 mg/l
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Rectification 10 - 200 0.1 - 1 < 1 mg/l
Extractive reaction
50 - 200 1 - 10 Alcohols < 1 mg/l
Extraction 100 - 250 0.8 - 250.5 – 100.3 - 20
DMFAlcohols
< 1 mg/l
Final waste water treatment (I): BAT is use of appropriat e technique
Technique Typical pollutant abated Applicability
Preliminary and primary technique
Equalisation All polutants Generally applicable
Neutralisation Acids, alkalis Generally applicable
Physical separation Suspended solids Generally applicable
Biological treatment (secondary treatment), e.g.
Activated sludge process, Biodegradable organic Generally applicable
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015
Activated sludge process, membrane bioreactor
Biodegradable organiccompounds
Generally applicable
Phosphorous removal
Chemical precipitation Phosphorous Generally applicable
Final solid removal
Coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, flotation
Suspendid solids Generally applicable
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Final waste water treatment (II): BAT is use of appropria te
technique (continuation of the table)
Description of techniquesTechnique Typical pollutant abated
Applicability
Nitrogen removal
Biological nitrification/
Total nitrogen, ammonia
Nitrification may not be applicable in case of high chloride
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015
nitrification/ denitrification
ammonia in case of high chloride concentrations (i.e. around 10 g/l). Not applicable when the final treatment does not include a biological treatment.
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Example: treatment of total effluent (I)
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015
Figure 4.80 from OFC BREF: Treatment of the total effluent with twobiological and one activated carbon stages
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Example: treatment of total effluent (II)
� Integrated measures and pretreatment of selected
waste water streams lead to a good biologically
treatable total effluent
� Achieved environmental benefits
− Elimination of organic load: 97 %
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015
− Elimination of nitrogen: 80 %
− Elimination of phosphorous: 98.5 %
− High toxicity reduction, high stability versus toxic shocks
− Effective also for remaining low degradable substances
For further operational data see OFC BREF chapter 4.3.8.6, page 333
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With BAT associated emission levels for TOC
Parameter CWW BREF 2014TOC in [mg/l]
TOC < 10 - 33
related upper TOC level if overall TOC removal = ≥ 90 % and well performing biological treatment and 33 [mg/l] can not
100
Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector
CWW 2014:
• Applicable above load threshold (COD: 10 t/year)
Various footnotes to understand the ranges given in the BREF
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biological treatment and 33 [mg/l] can not be achieved
related upper TOC level if overall TOC removal = ≥ 95 %, well performing bio-logical treatment and high inlet concentrations (> 2 g TOC/l ) and 100 [mg/l] can not be achieved
none
Average Yearly
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Outline
� Information regarding chemical industry in Germany
� Background regarding BREF Document
� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)the chemical sector (CWW BREF)
� Monitoring
� Conclusions
22. April 2015 Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector 24
Monitoring requirements for waste water (I)
� It is BAT to monitor the key process parameter as identified by the inventory of waste water streams (see slide 10)
�Substance/Parameter Minimum monitoring frequency24-hour –flow-proportional composite sample
Waste water flow, pH, temperature Continuously
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Daily
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Total organic carbon (TOC) Daily
Total suspendid solids (TSS) Daily
Nitrogen (total or inorganic) Daily
Phosphorous Daily
Adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX)
Monthly
Metals (e.g. Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb) Monthly
Biotests To be decided based on risk assessment
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Conclusions:� Establish an inventory of waste water to decide for the most
efficient and economic treatment technique
� Avoid waste water where possible
� Segregate waste water streams according to their pollutants
� Cluster your wastewater stream according to the biodegradability and pretreat waste water to reduce
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biodegradability and pretreat waste water to reduce COD/TOC accordingly
� BAT is not only to install a specific technique but the overall concept how it is designed, built, maintained and operated
� Self monitoring is needed to:
− run the CETP in an over all optimized way− bring evidence for compliance with the environmental
norms
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Useful links
� Federal Environment Agency : http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/
� BREF Documents : http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ ,
http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/
� IED: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/
� Waste water ordinance : http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-� Waste water ordinance : http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-
import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/wastewater_ordinance.pdf
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