Identifying Best Practices for CoIdentifying Best Practices for Co--Benefits: Improving DecisionBenefits: Improving Decision--

Making for Policymakers Making for Policymakers

USUS--Japan Workshop on Japan Workshop on Climate Actions and Climate Actions and

Developmental CoDevelopmental Co--BenefitsBenefitsMyra Frazier, US EPAMyra Frazier, US EPA

March 5, 2007March 5, 2007

Overview of Presentation Overview of Presentation Rationale for the review of Best Practices Rationale for the review of Best Practices for cofor co--benefitsbenefitsPrerequisites and measurement tools for Prerequisites and measurement tools for establishing Best Practicesestablishing Best PracticesOverview and Definition of Best PracticesOverview and Definition of Best Practices--Standards for Best PracticesStandards for Best PracticesEnabling Environments for Best PracticesEnabling Environments for Best PracticesApplication of Best Practices by various Application of Best Practices by various institutionsinstitutionsPutting it all togetherPutting it all together——Best Practices as a Best Practices as a policymaking tool policymaking tool

Rationale for the Review of Best Rationale for the Review of Best Practices for CoPractices for Co--Benefits Benefits

This analysis of Best Practices is not an allThis analysis of Best Practices is not an all--inclusive or exhaustive review of the literature as inclusive or exhaustive review of the literature as it relates to Best Practices or coit relates to Best Practices or co--benefits. benefits. Instead, this paper highlights resources written Instead, this paper highlights resources written by leading institutions that are illustrative of by leading institutions that are illustrative of various viewpoints on the on the subject. various viewpoints on the on the subject.

Prerequisites for Establishing Best Prerequisites for Establishing Best Practices for CoPractices for Co--Benefits Benefits

Organizational FactorsOrganizational FactorsBest Practices System ModelBest Practices System Model

Role of the PolicymakersRole of the PolicymakersNeed for PolicyNeed for Policy--Relevant informationRelevant information

Role of the Technical AdviserRole of the Technical Adviser

THE BEST PRACTICE SYSTEMS THE BEST PRACTICE SYSTEMS MODELMODEL

Best Practices System Model Best Practices System Model ™™Best Practices Institute 2007Best Practices Institute 2007

Diagnosis

Assessment

DesignImplement

Evaluation

Support/Re-inforcement

Measurement Tools for Best Measurement Tools for Best Practices Practices

Importance of MeasurementImportance of MeasurementMeasurement CriteriaMeasurement Criteria•• RelevanceRelevance•• ClearlyClearly--defineddefined•• CurrentCurrent•• Meets a range of objectivesMeets a range of objectives•• SustainableSustainableRole of Indicators Role of Indicators –– Types of Indicators Types of Indicators

Overview of Best Practices Overview of Best Practices Importance of Best PracticesImportance of Best Practices•• Need for improved policy performance Need for improved policy performance

In the context of coIn the context of co--benefits, the most benefits, the most effective policy would achieve effective policy would achieve ““winwin--winwin””resultsresults--polices that promote reductions in polices that promote reductions in GHGGHG’’ss and improvements in local air quality.and improvements in local air quality.

Greater clarity and certaintyGreater clarity and certainty

Opportunity to reduce risksOpportunity to reduce risks

Defining Best PracticesDefining Best PracticesGeneral Definition of Best PracticesGeneral Definition of Best Practices•• A best practice is a technique or methodology that, A best practice is a technique or methodology that,

through experience and research has proven to reliably through experience and research has proven to reliably lead to a desired result.lead to a desired result.

Challenges/Limitations of establishing Best Challenges/Limitations of establishing Best Practices for coPractices for co--benefitsbenefits

General PrinciplesGeneral Principles•• ReplicabilityReplicability•• ApplicabilityApplicability•• Sustainability Sustainability

Standards for Best Practices for Standards for Best Practices for CoCo--BenefitsBenefits

KnowledgeKnowledge--Based StandardBased Standard

TechnologyTechnology--Based StandardBased Standard

Relevance of these standards for coRelevance of these standards for co--benefitsbenefits

TopTop--Down Approach to Strategic Down Approach to Strategic Policies that Promote Best Policies that Promote Best

PracticesPracticesCentrallyCentrally--PlannedPlanned

EconomiesEconomies

Command and Control Command and Control Policies (China)

Free Market Free Market EconomiesEconomies

Trade Policy (Chile)Trade Policy (Chile)Legal ReformLegal ReformEnvironmental RegulationsEnvironmental RegulationsBureaucratic RegulationsBureaucratic RegulationsEnergy Policy ReformEnergy Policy Reform

—

Policies (China)

—

SDSD--PAMSPAMS

DefinitionDefinition•• Policies and measures taken by a Policies and measures taken by a

country in pursuit of its domestic policy country in pursuit of its domestic policy objectives.objectives.

Can serve as a metric to evaluate policy Can serve as a metric to evaluate policy options that advance domestic options that advance domestic development objectives and promote development objectives and promote climate benefitsclimate benefits..

Integrated Environment Strategies Integrated Environment Strategies Program (IES)Program (IES)

Created in 1998Current focus on 4 developing countriesIdentifies co-benefits opportunities, provides analytical data for decision-making, outreach and educationBuilds permanent in-country capacityExtends co-benefits framework to other areas besides key areas of GHG reductions, air quality and public health impactsMakes linkages between analysis and the policy process

What Are Integrated Measures?What Are Integrated Measures?

• Low-sulfur coal

• Smokestack controls

• Catalytic converters

• Inspection and maintenance (I&M) programs

• Diesel particle traps

• Evaporative controls

• Clean fuels

• Renewable energy

• Energy efficiency programs

• Methane gas recovery

• Fuel switching

• Public transport and land use

• Retirement of older vehicles

• Efficiency standards for new vehicles/appliances

• Forest management

• Control of other GHGs (N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6)

• Carbon capture/ sequestration

Local

Integrated

IntegratedAdapted from Jason West et al (2002)

Global

IGESIGES--Definition of Good Practices Definition of Good Practices The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, (IGES)The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, (IGES)--““Good PracticesGood Practices”” meet the following conditions: meet the following conditions: •• Lead to an actual improvement in the environmental Lead to an actual improvement in the environmental

area considered, or breaks new ground in nonarea considered, or breaks new ground in non--traditional traditional approaches on the issue.approaches on the issue.

•• Involve indicators for some visible or measurable Involve indicators for some visible or measurable change, giving consideration to: change, giving consideration to:

Improvement in the environmental situation or the socioImprovement in the environmental situation or the socio--economic situation; economic situation;

Demonstrate innovation and replicable approachDemonstrate innovation and replicable approach; ;

Be selfBe self--sustaining;sustaining;

Involve a range of actorsInvolve a range of actors. .

Putting it all togetherPutting it all together------Best Best Practices as a Policymaking Tool Practices as a Policymaking Tool Opportunities for Additional ResearchOpportunities for Additional Research: : •• Greater alignment between the underlying disciplines Greater alignment between the underlying disciplines

and to promote greater harmonization of methods, and to promote greater harmonization of methods, metrics and evaluation tools; metrics and evaluation tools;

•• Greater alignment between local development goals and Greater alignment between local development goals and national GHG mitigation strategies; national GHG mitigation strategies;

•• Greater alignment between policymaker and technical Greater alignment between policymaker and technical adviser; adviser;

•• Greater alignment between policy inputs and outcomes Greater alignment between policy inputs and outcomes for cofor co--benefits; benefits;

•• Greater alignment between organizational structure and Greater alignment between organizational structure and performance and outcomes. performance and outcomes.