beta lactam antibiotics penicillins
TRANSCRIPT
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BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICSPENICILLINS
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY IIPHA386
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PENICILLINS
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottishscientist Alexander Fleming, who noticed thatone of his experimental cultures ofstaphylococcus was contaminated with mold(fortuitous accident), which caused the bacteriato lyse. Since mold belonged to the familyPenicillium (Penicillium notatum), he named theantibacterial substance Penicillin.
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Penicillin core structure
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PENICILLIN G
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
PENAM RING
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6-APA
• 6-APA is the chemical compound (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid.• It is the core of penicillin.
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1
4
7
2
3
5
6
• 7-oxo-1- thia-4-azabicylo [3,2,0] heptane
PENAM RING
PENICILLANIC ACID
• 2,2–dimethyl penam –3– carboxylic acid
• 2,2-dimethyl-7-oxo-1- thia-4-azabicylo [3,2,0]heptane-3-carboxylic acid
6-AMINO PENICILLANIC ACID (6-APA)
• 6-amino-2,2–dimethyl penam –3– carboxylic acid
• 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-7-oxo-1- thia-4-azabicylo [3,2,0]heptane-3-carboxylic acid
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CH2 C
O
NH
N
S
O COO-K+
CH3
CH3
PENISILLIN G (BENZYL PENICILLIN)
6-(2-Phenylacetamino) penicillanic acid potassium salt
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N C H 2 C H 2 O
C 2 H 5
C 2 H 5
H C
O
N H 2
PENICILLIN G PROCAINE
‐
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H N C H 2 C H 2
H
N
C H 2 C H 2
H
H
PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE
‐ ‐
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PENICILLIN V (PHENOXYMETHYL PENICILLIN)
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PHENETHICILLIN
PROPACILLIN
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N
S
O COO-Na+
CH3
CH3
CONH
OCH3
OCH3
6-[(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)amino] penicillanic acid sodium salt
METHICILLIN SODIUM
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6-(2-ethoxy-1-naphtylcarbonylamino) penicillanic acid sodium salt
NAFCILLIN SODIUM
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6-[(5-methyl-3-phenylizoxazole-4-yl)-carbonylamino] sodium penicillanate
OXACILLIN SODIUM
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DICLOXACILLIN SODIUM
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AMPICILLIN( - Amino benzyl penicilin)
6-(D-2-amino- 2-phenylacetamino) penicillanic acid
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AMOXICILLIN
6-[D-2-amino- 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamino] penicillanic acid
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CARBENICILLIN DISODIUM
6-[2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamino] penicillanic acid disodium salt
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CARBENICILLIN INDANYL SODIUM
6-[2-phenyl -2-(5-indanyloxycarbonyl) acetamino] penicillanic acid sodium salt
CARINDACILLIN
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TICARCILLIN DISODIUM
6-[2-carboxy-2-(3-thienyl)acetamino] penicillanic acid disodium salt
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MEZLOCILLIN SODIUM
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PIPERACILLIN SODIUM
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β LACTAMASE ENZYME INHIBITORS
CLAVULANIC ACİD SULBACTAM
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CLAVULANIC ACID
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AMOXICILLIN CLAVULANATE COMBINATION
3 H20 +
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AMPICILLIN SULBACTAM COMBINATION
+
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PIPERACILLIN TAZOBACTAM COMBINATION
+
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CARBAPENEMS
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IMIPENEM (CARBAPENEMS)
+
CilastatinImipenem
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AZTREONAM (MONOBACTAMS)