beyond counting: directional approach to dark matter detection
TRANSCRIPT
Be
yo
nd
Co
un
tin
g:
Dir
ectio
na
l
Ap
pro
ach
to
Da
rk M
att
er
De
tectio
n
Denis
Dujm
ic, M
ITfo
r D
MT
PC
Co
llab
ora
tio
n
Mia
mi 2008, D
ec 1
8
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
/31
Da
rk M
att
er
Ha
lo
(8.5
kp
c)
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
83
/31
WIM
P
Win
d
Sp
erg
el, P
hys.R
ev.
D3
7 (
19
88
) 1
35
3
<v>
~2
20
km
/s
z
x
z
x
00
:00
12
:00
Diu
rnal variation in W
IMP
direction:
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
84
/31
Dir
ectio
na
lity
Recoil
angle
(10
0G
eV
WIM
P o
n f
luo
rin
e)
�
F
�
���
F
�
Str
ong forw
ard
-backw
ard
asym
metr
y
in r
ecoil
angle
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
85
/31
He
ad
-Ta
ilW
ithout head-t
ail
Backgro
und
(iso
tro
pic
)
With h
ead-t
ail
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
86
/31
WIM
P S
ea
rch
es
Spin
independent
Spin
dependent
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
87
/31
Is L
arg
e
Exp
osu
re
En
ou
gh
?v~
220km
/s
Decem
ber
June
Gala
ctic p
lane
Pre
fere
ntial
WIM
P d
irection
R. B
ern
ab
ei e
t a
l.,
Eu
r.P
hys.J
.C5
6:3
33
-35
5,2
00
8
DA
MA
/LIB
RA
1-2
% v
aria
tio
n in
co
un
tin
g r
ate
with
exp
ecte
d p
erio
dic
ity
an
d p
ha
se
!
WIM
P w
ind?
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
88
/31
Dir
ectio
n-S
en
sitiv
e S
ea
rch
Go
als
•C
orr
ela
te W
IMP
sig
nal w
ith a
str
ophysic
al
phenom
ena -
unam
big
uous s
ignal
dete
ction
•S
ensitiv
ity to s
pin
-dependent in
tera
ctions
•G
ood r
eje
ction o
f backgro
unds
•S
cala
ble
to larg
e v
olu
mes
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
89
/31
Co
nce
pt
of
Dir
ectio
na
l
De
tecto
r
�
FE
e-
e-
e-
e-
drift
reg
ion
Am
plif
ication
regio
n
+
V-V
‘Head
’
‘Tail’
~2
mm
- D
MT
PC
, A
hle
n,
Fis
he
r e
t a
l. (
20
04
)
- N
EW
AG
E,
Ta
nim
ori
et
al. P
LB
57
8 (
20
04
)
- M
IMA
C-H
e3
, S
an
tos e
t a
l (2
00
0)
- D
RIF
T,
Mar
toff
et a
l., N
IMA
440
(20
00)
- B
uckla
nd
, L
eh
ne
r,M
ase
k,M
oja
ve
r, P
RL
73
(1
99
4)
Low
-
pre
ssure
gas
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
0/3
1
DM
TP
C
Co
llab
ora
tio
n
R. V
ande
rspe
k
A. P
iso
J. M
onro
eG
. Sci
olla
A. K
abot
hR
. Yam
amot
o
D. D
ujm
icB
. Cor
nell
W. F
edus
P. F
ishe
rH
. Yeg
orya
n
J. L
opez
T. S
ahin
A. L
ee
S. H
ende
rson
S. A
hlen
A. R
occa
ro
H. T
omita
K. O
tis
H.
Wel
lens
tein
F. G
olub
S. G
oyal
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
1/3
1
“Da
rk
Ma
tte
r
TP
C”
�
Fe
-e
-
-V
Charg
e
readout
Lig
ht re
adout
CC
D (
PM
T)
Lig
ht re
adout
CC
D (
PM
T)
-V0V
+V
0V
10-liter
pro
toty
pe
Ta
rge
t:
CF
4 g
as
�2J(J
+1
)~0
.65
~5
0T
orr
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
2/3
1
Mesh E
lectr
odes
for
Charg
e
Am
plif
ication
G1
0
SS
rin
g
SS
rin
gR
esis
tive
se
pa
rato
rs
dia
=0
.5m
m,
eve
ry 2
cm
e-
e-
SS
or
Cu
me
sh
D.Dujmic
et
al.,A
str
op
art
.Ph
ys.3
0:5
8-6
4,2
00
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
3/3
1
Op
tica
l re
ad
ou
t
20
0 3
00
40
0 5
00
60
0 7
00
80
0 (
nm
)
He
+C
F4
(40
%)
Ar+
CF
4
(5%
)
Ar+
CF
4
(67
%)
CF
4
M.M.F.R. Fraga et al. NIM A 504 (2003) 88
A.Kaboth et al. NIM A 592 (2008) 63
Scin
tilla
tion in C
F4:
CC
D Q
E
(KA
F0
40
1M
E)
CF
4+
e- �
(C
F3
+)*
+ F
+ 2
e- ’
CF
4+
+ e
- �
(C
F4
+)*
+ 3
e- ’
Well
matc
hed w
ith C
CD
QE
:
�/e
- ~
1/3
(1
50-8
00nm
)
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
4/3
1
Ch
arg
e R
ea
do
ut
Readout of entire
mesh (
one c
hannel)
Test w
ith 5
.9keV
x-r
ay s
ourc
e (
Fe55):
Charg
e g
ain
:
�E
/E~
19%
D.D
ujm
ic e
t a
l.,
ICH
EP
08
pro
ce
ed
ing
s, a
rXiv
:08
10
.27
69
Energ
y r
esolu
tion@
5.9
keV
:
M =
e�
d >
10
5
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
5/3
1
Constr
uction
(Sum
mer/
Fall
2008)
H.Y
eg
ori
an
, M
IT
T.
Co
ldw
ell,
MIT
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
6/3
1
r
E
r
E
150V
/cm
Dri
ft C
ag
e FE
M c
alc
ula
tio
n
of
fie
ld u
nifo
rmity
~2
0cm
(lim
ited b
y
ele
ctr
on
diffu
sio
n)
~2
0cm
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
7/3
1
>90cm
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
8/3
1
Ca
libra
tio
n w
ith
Alp
ha
So
urc
e
15.5
cm
15.5
cm
100T
orr
241A
m
5.5
MeV
alp
ha fro
m241A
m
dE
dx
10cm
- E
nerg
y, ra
nge
calib
ration
- U
niform
ity
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
81
9/3
1
Exp
osu
re t
o N
eu
tro
n B
ea
m Neutr
ons
from
252C
f
WIM
Ps
• C
an w
e s
ee n
ucle
ar
recoils
?
• R
econstr
uct direction?
• S
ense o
f direction?
• G
am
ma r
eje
ction?
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
0/3
1
Typ
ica
l R
eco
il Im
ag
es
neutr
ons
5m
m
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
1/3
1
Ima
ge
An
aly
sis
- E
nerg
y fro
m v
isib
le lig
ht
- R
ange fro
m s
pan o
f
recoil
track
- 2D
angle
- H
ead-t
ail
from
lig
ht
asym
metr
y
Neutr
on
direction
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
2/3
1
En
erg
y-R
an
ge
Nucle
ar
recoil
band
Energ
y d
istr
ibution
Energ
y-r
ange
Good a
gre
em
ent w
ith S
RIM
sim
ula
tion
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
3/3
1
Ga
mm
a R
eje
ctio
n
F (
~1m
m, 5
0keV
)
e- (~
30m
m, 1
5keV
)
>10
6
(usin
g C
s-1
37 s
ourc
e)
e-
�
C F
Tim
ur
Sa
hin
, M
IT,
GE
AN
T4
,
50
To
rr C
F4
e-
�B
ased o
n d
iffe
rence in s
toppin
g p
ow
er
(Diffe
rent ra
nge for
sam
e e
nerg
y!)
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
4/3
1
“He
ad
-Ta
il”D
irection s
ense (
head-t
ail)
fro
m lig
ht asym
metr
y
First dem
onstr
ation b
y D
MT
PC
!
Sig
ne
d c
osin
e o
f
2D
re
co
il a
ng
le
Cf-
25
2,
75
To
rr C
F4
2D
an
gle
+ h
ea
d-t
ail
fro
m lig
ht
asym
me
try
Re
so
lutio
n (
de
g)
Neutr
on
direction
D.D
ujm
ic e
t a
l., A
str
op
art
. P
hys.
30
(2
00
8)
58
D.D
ujm
ic e
t a
l., N
ucl. I
nstr
. M
eth
A5
84
(2
00
8)
32
7
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
5/3
1
“He
ad
-Ta
il” Quality
� HT<
0 c
orr
ect head-t
ail
� HT�0
wro
ng h
ead-t
ail
Quantify
asym
metr
y
with s
kew
ness:
�HT=
x�x
()3
x�x
()2
3/2
Head-t
ail
Qualit
y:
QHT=��1�2�f w
rong
()2
Err
or
on a
sym
metr
y ~
(Q
HT)-
1/2
Cf-
25
2,
75
To
rr C
F4
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
6/3
1
10
-lite
r P
roto
typ
e
Su
mm
ary
• T
akin
g d
ata
in b
asem
ent at M
IT
• E
xperience w
ith c
ontinuous r
unnin
g
• B
ackgro
und r
ate
, ty
pes
• F
irst re
sults w
inte
r 2009
• E
xpect best lim
it fro
m a
directional
dete
cto
r
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
7/3
1
Ne
xt
ste
p:
1m
3 d
ete
cto
r
• 4�2
5cm
dri
ft v
olu
me
s
• C
CD
� E
MC
CD
• tr
anspare
nt anode
CC
D
PM
T
Charg
e r
eadout
PM
T
CC
D
1m
1.2
m
Dra
win
g:
H W
elle
nste
in,
Bra
nd
eis
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
8/3
1
1 m
3
100 m
3
SD
couplin
g
Plo
t: G
.Scio
lla,
MIT
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
82
9/3
1
100
m
20
m
Prop
osed D
US
EL c
avern
CM
S:
15 x
15
x 2
2 m
3
SN
O:
21
x 2
1 x 3
4 m
3
Sup
er-K
:
40
x 4
0 x
40
m3
DM
TPC
:
16 x
16
x 1
6 m
3
1 to
n C
F4
@5
0T
orr
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
83
0/3
1
• 1
kg o
r m
ore
(1-1
0m
3)
• 1
-5 y
• W
IPP
(2000 f
t)
• W
inte
r/S
pring 2
009
• 1
ton o
r m
ore
(>
1000s m
3)
• 5
-10y
• D
US
EL (
4850ft o
r 7400ft)
Un
de
rgro
un
d
Site
s
De
c 1
8,
20
08
Mia
mi 2
00
83
1/3
1
Dis
co
ve
ry o
f w
ind
: [e
.g.
Mo
rga
n,
Gre
en
20
07
]
10
s e
ve
nts
(w
ith
HT
)
10
0s e
ve
nts
(w
/o H
T)
Dir
ectio
na
l A
pp
roa
ch
to
Da
rk
Ma
tte
r D
ete
ctio
n
U
nd
ers
tan
din
g D
M h
alo
[e
.g.
Ge
lmin
i,
Go
nd
olo
20
01
; M
org
an
, G
ree
n,
Sp
oo
ne
r 2
00
5]
10
0s (
str
ea
ms?
)
1,0
00
s (
sp
he
rica
l h
alo
?)
10
,00
0s (
ha
lo s
tud
y)
Astr
onom
y P
hase
Dis
covery
Phase
- D
em
onstr
ate
d d
ete
cto
r concept
- C
urr
ently takin
g d
ata
with 1
0L d
ete
cto
r
(surf
ace)
- M
ove
to
WIP
P in
Win
ter/
Sp
rin
g 2
00
9
- C
onstr
uction o
f 1m
3 dete
cto
r (2
009)