beyond zero carbon housing - richard partington

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Beyond Zero Carbon Housing Carbon Housing exploring solutions to sustainability issues beyond the zero carbon agenda 24 th October 2012 at The University of Nottingham 24 th October 2012 at The University of Nottingham Department of Architecture and Built Environment

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A one day symposium on zero/low carbon sustainable homes took place at The University of Nottingham on the 24th October, 2012. The event offered professionals within the construction industry a unique opportunity to gain added and significant insight into the innovations, policies and legislation which are driving the construction of zero/low carbon energy efficient homes both here in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. It explored solutions to sustainability issues “beyond” the zero carbon agenda. BZCH followed on from the successful ‘Towards Zero Carbon Housing’ symposium the University hosted in 2007. This event is part of the Europe Wide Ten Act10n project which is supported by the European Commission Intelligent Energy Europe.

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  • 1. Beyond ZeroCarbon Housingexploring solutions to sustainability issues beyond the zero carbon agenda2 4 th O c t o b e r 2 0 1 2 a t T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f N o t t i n g h a mDepartment of Architecture and Built Environment

2. Copyright NoticeA l l t h e m a te r i a l i n t h e s e s l i d e sm ay n o t b e u s e d o r re p ro d u c e d w i t h o u t t h e ex p re s s p e r m i s s i o n o f t h e a u t h o rs 3. Beyond Zero Carbon Policy and PracticeRichard Partington 4. ZERO CARBON HIERARCHY Zero Carbon =Solutionsaddressing the carbon emission5%Allowable reductions that are difficult toCompletesolutions achieve on siteOn-site low/zero + Carbon75% Compliance = carbon energyOn-site heat andComplete(and connected heat)power generation +Energy efficiencyBuilding fabric95% performanceCompleteThe Zero Carbon Hierarchy stepped progress towards a workable definition. 5. Fabric Energy EfficiencyBuilding fabric U-valuesThermal bridgingAir permeabilityLZC technologyThermal massSolar, metabolic, lighting &appliance gains HeatHeating / coolingappliances (boilers, etc)PowerMechanical ventilationHot waterActive controlsFixed lightingAll LZC technologies 6. Understanding the BUDGET 2011CO2 emissionsfrom unregulated energy useAllowableSolutions AllowableSolutions CO2 emissionsfrom regulated On-site LZC Heat On-site LZC Heatenergy use and Powerand PowerFabric Energy Efficiency Fabric Energy Efficiency Pre-Budget 2011 Post-Budget 2011 7. STEP 1 2016 FABRIC ENERGY EFFICIENCYSTANDARD (FEES)Fabric Energy Efficiency of 39 kWh/m2/year for apartments & mid terrace46 kWh/m2/year for end terrace, semi and detachedPerformance not prescriptive No U-value lists/limits on elements. Uses kWh/m2/yr. For simplicity - space heating and cooling only.Two levels depending on dwelling type However same construction delivers 39 or 46, except in the case of the detached 8. STEP 2 2016 CARBON COMPLIANCETarget Carbon Compliance of 10 kg CO2/m2/year for detached homes 11 kg CO2/m2/year for attached homes 14 kg CO2/m2/year for apartmentsApproach provides solutions for a range of practical situations:.On gas gridOn gas gridOff gas gridCommunity Heat PV FabricHeat PumpNetwork 9. JOURNEY TO ZERO CARBONTHE 2011 BUDGET CHANGE 25% reduction CO2 emissions from regulated energy 331% reduction X44%use space and 4 water heating, fans, pumps and fixed lighting5 100% reduction CO2 emissions from 66unregulated energy use cooking and plug-in appliancesZeroCarbon Pre 20102010201320162016 CO2 emissions CO2 emissions CO2 emissions CO2 emissions from Zero CO2 emissions from a home from a home from a home regulated and from regulated built to 2006 built to 2010 built to 2013 unregulated energy energy use Part L1APart L1APart L1Ause to be net zero 10. Design vs As-built:Lessons from TSB Programme 11. Performance gapaction is needed by industry and Government to investigate and tackle the risk of a discrepancy2012 Part L Consultation 12. Does it do what it says on the tin? 13. Research Project Overview: Project FocusBlock B: Code forSustainable HomesLevel 3 (using norenewables)Block C: FabricEnergy EfficiencyStandard (FEES)Wide Cavity 13 14. Fabric Performance Investigations & Observations 15. In-situ U-value measurementTest gives: In-situ U-value measurementMethodologyHeat flux testing carried out during co-heatingtest in one flat in each blockHeat loss measured across north-facingexternal walls and also party wallsObservationsThe difference in measured and calculatedU-values is similar to tests of this natureA party wall bypass was noted in both blocks15 16. Thermographic imagingMethodInternal & external images of thebuilding fabric taken during the co-heating testingCarried out early in the morning tominimise distortion to surfacetemperaturesObservationsThermographic images revealweaknesses in the build and designAnalysis must be carried out by anexperienced person 16 17. Photographic survey of constructionRecord of actual constructionMethodDocument the construction processAdditional photography to support airpressure tests, co-heating andcommissioningObservationsConstruction stage for analysis ofthermography results at a later stageSpecific problems noted during the airpressure test were communicated tosite personnel 17 18. Co-heating testObservations on implementationTest carried out in April, at very endof what is considered the suitableperiodActive site, so difficult to maintaincontrolled temperature in adjacentunitsObservations on resultsMeasured heat loss was greaterthan calculated heat lossResult at higher end of scale ofpublished test results 18 19. Houses measured byLeeds Metropolitan UniversityHeat loss (w / k)Whole house heat loss - Measured Co-heating versus Predicted 20. Drawings and accredited detailsDomestic services commissioning 21. Drawings and specification 22. Drawings and specification:claimed use of accredited details 23. Thermographic imaging 24. Enhanced, Accredited, Robust? 25. Construction images25 26. MVHR Installation and Commissioning26 27. MVHR Installation and Commissioning27 28. MVHR Installation and Commissioning28 29. MVHR Installation and Commissioning29 30. MVHR Installation and Commissioning30 31. MVHR Installation and Commissioning31 32. Monitoring: In-use energy consumptionFuel and resource consumption:Gas, electricity and watermeteringElectric sub-metering 33. Mind the Gap 34. Mind the Gap 35. Derwenthorpe and Temple Avenue 36. Type A Prototypes 37. Two MMC construction systemthin bed blockworkstructural insulated paneldesign intention delivered?did systems meet claimedperformance?was the supply chain robust?interfaces communicated andunderstood ?sub-contractor performanceproduct substitutions and changeswere modelling assumptions correct?lessons for a volume build 38. Temple Avenue Prototype Houses 39. Temple Avenue Prototype HousesConstructionCo-heating testThermographyHeat flux measurementSystems efficiencyAir pressure andgas depletionVariable U-value 40. Derwenthorpe Phase One HousesConstructionInner leaf first:watertight earlylarge format insulationinsulation visiblefacing brick offthe critical path 41. Derwenthorpe Phase One HousesConsistency:Airtightness 2.73.0Co-heat test within10% of prototypes 42. BEST PRACTICE BOOKLETS NHBC and Zero Carbon HubNHBC Foundation NF 28:http://www.nhbcfoundation.org/Researchpublications/WheretoStartNF28/tabid/444/Default.aspxZCH Best Practice:http://www.rparchitects.co.uk/practice/publications/building-low-carbon-homes-guide-3-icf