Slide 1

DR. NOOR MAZNI BINTI ISMAIL

BLOCK D, ROOM # DG19

09 - 4245819012 - 4257925

BFF1113 Engineering MaterialsLECTURE 1NOOR MAZNI ISMAILFACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

29 September 20143Recommended reference books:

William D.Callister, Jr., 2011. Materials Science & Engineering: An Introduction, Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schmid, 2010. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Sixth Edition, Pearson Prentice-Hall, Inc.

J.T. Black, Ronald A. Kohser, 2007. Materials & Processes in Manufacturing, Tenth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Contribution of assessment9 September 20145

Course Guideline:9 September 20146

Introduction to MaterialsFundamental of Materials Engineering & ManufacturingBonding and PropertiesCrystal Structures & PropertiesImperfection in SolidsMechanical Behavior, Testing, and Manufacturing Properties of MaterialsPhysical Properties of MaterialsFailure, Corrosion & Degradation of Materials Metal AlloysPhase DiagramPhase Transformation Heat TreatmentProcessing and Application of MetalsStructure and Properties of CeramicsApplications and Processing of CeramicsStructure of Polymeric MaterialsCharacteristics, applications, and Processing of Polymeric MaterialsComposites6Introduction to Materials:1. Materials Overview.2. Materials Science and Engineering3. Classification of Materials

1. Materials Overview.2. Materials Science and Engineering3. Classification of Materials

Materials in our liveElectronic & ElectricalMechanicalChemicalCivil & StructuralInfrastructure & TransportationAerospaceMilitaryTelecommunicationsEntertainment

Why we need to study Mat. Sci. & Eng. ?Cost?Effective?Fabrication?Safety?

Mechanical EngineerCivil & Structure EngineerElectrical EngineerElectronic EngineerAerospace EngineerChemical EngineerEtc

Vacuum TubeTransistor(BJT)MOSFETIC & CMOS

Materials in our live Electrical & Electronic

Materials in our live Civil & Structural

Traditional woodsteelconcretepolymer composite (made of layers of glass fabric + resins)

Advantages of Polymer Composites1) won't rust, or corrode2)require no preservatives3) light-weight, lighter than aluminum, wood, steel or concrete. 4) the lowest possible total installed cost

Materials in our live Aerospace & Mechanical

Tragedy On the morning of January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger blasted off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. All Seven crew members died in the explosion.

Why? which blamed on faulty in the joint-embrittlement of rubber O-rings

Case Study: The Space Shuttle Challenger AccidentMaterials in our live - Chemical

Materials in our live Infrastructural & Transportation

at the time of the collision,the temperature ofthe sea water was -2C.

Plain carbon steel had a high ductile-brittle transition temperature, making it unsuitable for service at low temperatures;

Case Study: Titanic

MaterialsSubstances from which something is composed or made from.Development of human civilization has been closely tied to materials which have been produced and used in society.What are Materials?

What are Engineering Materials?Engineering MaterialsMaterials used to produce technical products.Engineered materials with desired properties.

IronAge(Industrial Revolution)BronzeAgeStone AgeDesignedMaterialsAgeNano Material AgeMaterials existing in nature.stone, wood, clayAlloy of copperMinimum material processing.Produce better material properties to those occurring naturallyIron, steel, other metals.Steam engineElectric Age(Silicon Age)Advance compositesSurface treatmentArtificial layered structuresMATERIALSPrehistoricEvolution of Materials

ENGINEERING MATERIALSPrehistoric

Stone, clay, wood

Stone Age

Early in the developments of human cultures, before the use of metals

Tools & weapons were made of stone

Bronze AgeBronze (Cooper + tin + zinc)The time in the development of any human cultureBefore introduction of iron, when most tools and weapons were made from bronze

Iron AgeMarks the period of development of technology replacing bronze as the basic material for tool implemention and weaponLast stage of the archaeological sequence

Electrical Age (Silicon Age) and beyond

I.J. McColm, Special ceramic for modern applications: which? Why? How? in Ceramic Processing, R.A. Terpstra, P.P.A.C. Pex, and A.H. De Vries Edns, Chapman & Hall, 1995.

1. Materials Overview.2. Materials Science and Engineering3. Classification of Materials

Materials ScienceScience - scientia (Knowledge) Study of basic materials knowledge.Investigation of the relationship between STRUCTURES and PROPERTIES of materialsMaterials EngineeringEngineer ingeneur Used of Materials Science knowledge (fundamental) to design and to produce materials with properties that will meet the requirements of society.Structure-Property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to a pre-determined set of properties.Discipline of Materials Study

Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)Combines both basic knowledge and applications and forms a bridge between the basic sciences (physics, chemistry, and mathematic) and the various engineering disciplines (electrical, mechanical, manufacturing, chemical, civil, and aerospace engineering).Interdisciplinary nature.

Materials Selection Process1.Pick Application Determine required Properties2.Properties Identify candidate Material(s)3.Material Identify required ProcessingProcessing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.Material: structure, composition.Selecting the RIGHT material.

To succeed in processing materials with a given set of properties, it is necessary to understand the basis of the properties from the atomic and molecular level, and to understand how small differences in structure can lead to large differences in observed properties.4 components that are involved in design, production, and utilization of materials.ProcessingStructurePropertiesPerformanceHow do these components interrelated?

IMPORTANT1.0 What is Processing?Multiple procedures to produce something pre-determined.

Subatomic levelStructureArrangement of its internal componentsAtomic levelMicroscopic levelMacroscopic levelElectron within individual atoms and interaction with their nucleiOrganization of atoms or molecules relative to one anotherDirect observation using microscope toolsViewed by naked eye2.0 What is Structure?

PropertiesMaterials trait in term of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulusMaterial: ConductorStimulus: voltageResponse: Electric CurrentPROPERTIESMechanical Electrical ThermalMagneticOpticalDeteriorativePropertyStimulusResponseMechanicalApplied load or forceDeformationElectricalElectric fieldConductivity3.0 What is Property?

ex: hardness vs structure of steel Properties depend on structure Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,and from Fig. 11.13 and associateddiscussion, Callister 6e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e. ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel Processing can change structure

Hardness (BHN)

Transmittance: --Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the material structure.

Adapted from Fig. 1.2,Callister 6e.(Specimen preparation,P.A. Lessing; photo by J. Telford.)single crystalpolycrystal:low porositypolycrystal:high porosityOptical property

Change of PropertiesHeat TreatmentAdding other substancesStructureProperties

What is Performance?A measurement of how good a product is.

Tetrahedron Interrelationship:Car body What is the right material to use?PerformanceProcessPropertyStructureMicrostructure, What features of the structure limit the strength? What is the strength-to density ratio?High level of toughness and formabilityHow can aerodynamic car chassis be formed?

1. Materials Overview.2. Materials Science and Engineering3. Classification of MaterialsTOPIC CONTENTS

Solid Materials ClassificationMetalPolymerCeramicComposite

Class of MaterialsMETALS:Inorganic materials (one or more metallic elements alloy)Crystalline structureMay contain a small amount of non-metallic elementsGood thermal & electrical conductors (large numbers of non-localized electrons = electrons are not bound to particular atoms) Properties at room temperature (RT)Strong and ductile (capable of large amounts of deformation without fracture)StiffGood strengthDenseResistance to fracture

CERAMICS:Inorganic materials (metallic + non-metallic elements)Oxides, nitrides, carbidesCrystalline, non-crystalline, or a mixture of bothProperties at RTHigh melting pointHigh chemical stabilitiesHigh hardnessHigh temperature strengthBrittle (lack ductility)Poor electrical and thermal conductor.

POLYMERS:Plastic and rubber materialsOrganic materials Long molecular chains/network containing C, H, and other nonmetallic elements (O, N, Si)Non-crystalline (mostly) or a mixture of bothProperties at RTLow densityMechanically flexiblePoor electrical conductor

COMPOSITES:Mixture of two or more types of materialsA matrix phase + a reinforcing phaseDesigned to ensure a combination of the best properties of each component material.

Besides the above mentioned classification, we also have:ADVANCED MATERIALS:Materials that are utilized in high-tech application (device/product that operates or functions using relatively intricate and sophisticated principles)DVD Players, Microprocesser, Liquid Crystal Display.

AdvancedMaterialsSemiconductorBiomaterialsMaterials of the futureSmart MaterialNano-engineered MaterialNano-material

SEMICONDUCTORS:Electrical properties intermediate between conductors and insulatorsElectrical characteristics are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentration of impurity atoms, which concentrations may be controlled over very small spatial regionConductivity increasing with temperature

BIOMATERIALS:Components implanted into human body for replacement of diseased or damaged parts.Must not produce toxic substancesCompatible with body tissuesAll above materials may be used as biomaterials

SMART MATERIALS:Materials that are able to sense changes in their environments and then respond to these changes in predetermined mannersDevices made from Smart MaterialsSensors (detects an input signal)

NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS:Dimension