On Feb. 5, 2016, King Jigme Khesar NamgyalWangchuk and his wife, Queen Jetsun Pema, wel-comed their first child, a boy they named Jigme

Namgyal Wangchuk. During the year, the royal familymade several official visits around Bhutan. In AprilBritain’s duke and duchess of Cambridge visited the coun-try. Bhutan sent two athletes to the Olympic Games inAugust. Karma competed in the women’s individual eventof archery, the Bhutanese national sport, and LenchuKunzang competed in thewomen’s 10 m air rifle compe-tition. Neither woman ad-vanced to the finals in herevent.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 770,000.Density (2016): persons per sq mi51.9, persons per sq km 20.1.

Sex distribution (2015): male 51.96%;female 48.04%.

Population projection: (2020) 803,000;(2030) 870,000.

Major towns (2005):Thimphu (urban agglom-eration; 2014) 152,398;Phuntsholing 20,537;Gelaphu 9,199; Wangdue6,714; Samdrup Jongkhar5,952.

Urban-rural (2014):

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2013): 18.4(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000population (2013): 6.9(world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per1,000 population(2013): 11.5 (world avg.11.4).

Life expectancy at birth(2013): male 67.5 years;female 69.4 years.

Age breakdown (2013):

Ethnic composition (2005): Religious affiliation (2005):

Bhutan

Official name: Druk-Yul (Kingdom of Bhutan).Form of government: constitutional monarchy1

with two legislative houses (National Council[252]; National Assembly [47]).

Head of state: King Jigme Khesar NamgyalWangchuk.

Head of government: Prime Minister TsheringTobgay.

Capital: Thimphu.Official language: Dzongkha (a Tibetan dialect).Official religion: 3.Monetary unit: ngultrum4 (Nu); valuation (Sept.

1, 2016) 1 U.S.$ = Nu 67.00; 1 £ = Nu 89.10.

Area and population

area population area population

2015 2015Districts sq km5 estimate Districts sq km5 estimate

Bumthang 2,611 18,965Chukha (Chhukha) 1,728 88,342Dagana 1,344 27,522Gasa 4,185 3,692Haa 1,651 13,501Lhuentse (Lhuntse) 2,764 17,618Mongar (Monggar) 1,881 44,258Paro 1,229 43,168Pemagatshel 499 25,180Punakha 922 27,838Samdrup Jongkhar 2,227 40,768

Samtse (Samchi) 1,497 70,618Sarpang (Geylegphug) 2,188 45,636

Thimphu 1,843 116,012Trashigang 2,188 56,168Trashiyangtse 1,382 20,874Trongsa 1,728 16,012Tsirang (Chirang) 614 21,816Wangdue Phodrang 3,878 37,553

Zhemgang 2,035 21,501TOTAL 38,394 757,042

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National economyBudget (2012–13). Revenue: Nu 31,848,700,000 (tax revenue 48.0%, ofwhich corporate taxes 20.7%; grants 33.6%;nontax revenue 18.4%, of which dividends9.5%). Expenditures: Nu 38,044,200,000 (gener-al government services 28.4%; education17.8%; transportation and communications14.4%; public safety 8.6%).

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2014):U.S.$1,819,558,000.

Production (metric tons except as noted).Agriculture, forestry, fishing (2014): rice 76,621,corn (maize) 74,370, oranges 49,0696, potatoes46,695, sugarcane 15,080, apples 14,1746, arecanuts 10,5006, dry chilies and peppers 9,0006,pumpkins, squash, and gourds 7,0586, wheat 5,172, buckwheat 4,294,millet 3,881, ginger 3,4056, mustard seed 873, garlic 7036, nutmeg,mace, and cardamoms 2766; livestock (number of live animals)301,331 cattle, (2012) 47,350 yaks, 21,221 horses; roundwood 5,184,336cu m, of which fuelwood 98%; fisheries production (2013) 73 (fromaquaculture 96%). Mining and quarrying (2013): dolomite 1,740,015;limestone 1,006,234; gypsum 351,420. Manufacturing (value of sales inNu ’000,000; 2009): cement 1,785; ferroalloys 1,712; chemicals andchemical products 1,158; wood board products 414. Energy production(consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2014) 7,147,000,000 (2,085,000,000),by source (2012): fossil fuels 0.1%; renewable energy 99.9%, of whichhydroelectricity 99.9%; coal (metric tons; 2013) 77,700 ([2011] 36,000);crude petroleum, none (none); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011)none (119,000); natural gas, none (none).

Average household size (2010): 4.6.Population economically active (2014): total 348,742; participation rates:ages 15–64, male 71.0%; female 54.8%; unemployed 2.6%, of whichyouth (ages 15–24) 9.4%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$1,811,000,000 (U.S.$2,370 percapita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$7,280 per capita).

Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops or left fal-low (2007) 3.3%, in permanent crops 0.8%, in pasture 3.9%, forestarea 72.5%.

Foreign trade10

Imports (2013): Nu 52,315,700,000 (mineral products24.8%, mechanical and electrical apparatus 20.6%,base and fabricated metals 15.9%, fruits, vegeta-bles, and cereals 6.3%, chemicals and pharmaceuti-cals 5.3%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): Nu 31,853,000,000 (electricity11

35.2%, base and fabricated metals 34.7%, mineralproducts 12.2%, fruits, vegetables, and cereals6.8%, chemicals and pharmaceuticals 5.9%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads: none. Roads(2014): total length 6,657 mi, 10,713km (paved [2013] 28%). Vehicles(2009): passenger cars 29,189; trucksand buses 6,608.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): total population age 15 andover literate 64.9%; males literate 73.1%;females literate 55.0%.

Health (2014): physicians 244 (1 per 3,058 per-sons); hospital beds 1,278 (1 per 584 persons);infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births(2013) 40.0; undernourished population, n.a.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (2015):about 7,00013, 14. Military expenditureas percentage of GDP (2005): c. 1.0%;per capita expenditure U.S.$11.

1Bhutan’s first constitution was promulgated on July 18, 2008. 2Includes five members appointed by the king.3Buddhism is the spiritual heritage of Bhutan per article 3.1 of the 2008 constitution. 4Indian currency is alsoaccepted legal tender; the ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee. 5Estimated district areas are derived fromdistrict area percentages of total national area as published in the Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan (2003). 62013.7Taxes less subsidies. 8Unemployed. 9Detail does not add to total given because of rounding. 10Imports c.i.f.;exports f.o.b. 11To India only. 12Subscribers. 13Includes army, air force, royal bodyguard, police, forest guards,and militia. 14India maintains a permanent military training presence.

Internet resources for further information:• National Statistics Bureau www.nsb.gov.bt• Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan www.rma.org.bt

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013

in value % of total labour % of labourNu ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 16,889.0 16.2 189,200 54.7Mining and quarrying 2,867.3 2.7 1,400 0.4Manufacturing 8,878.5 8.5 20,600 6.0Construction 17,602.4 16.9 10,700 3.1Public utilities 14,801.5 14.2 4,000 1.2Trade, restaurants 8,063.0 7.7 36,400 10.5Transportation and 10

communications 9,743.5 9.3 12,200 3.5Finance, real estate 8,064.8 7.7 7,000 2.0Pub. admin., defense 6,981.5 6.7 28,700 8.3Services 4,991.4 4.8 25,600 7.4Other 5,495.37 5.37 9,9008 2.98

TOTAL 104,378.19 100.0 345,8009 100.0

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 67612 87112

Landline 2015 21 28

Internet users 2009 50 72Broadband 2015 2812 3612

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