Bi-Op Measure 143Bi-Op Measure 143 Water Temperature Modeling and Data Water Temperature Modeling and Data

Collection PlanCollection PlanFor Lower Snake River BasinFor Lower Snake River Basin

““The Action Agencies shall develop and The Action Agencies shall develop and coordinate with NOAA Fisheries and EPA on a coordinate with NOAA Fisheries and EPA on a

plan to model the water temperature effects of plan to model the water temperature effects of alternative Snake River operations. The alternative Snake River operations. The

modeling plan shall include a temperature data modeling plan shall include a temperature data collection strategy developed in consultation collection strategy developed in consultation with EPA, NOAA Fisheries and state and tribal with EPA, NOAA Fisheries and state and tribal water-quality agencies. The data collection water-quality agencies. The data collection strategy shall be sufficient to develop and strategy shall be sufficient to develop and

operate the model and to document the effects operate the model and to document the effects of project operations.” of project operations.”

Water Temperature Modeling and Data Water Temperature Modeling and Data

Collection Plan for Lower Snake River BasinCollection Plan for Lower Snake River Basin

30 July 2003 Draft Plan/Report Complete 30 July 2003 Draft Plan/Report Complete - Reviews past and ongoing monitoring and Reviews past and ongoing monitoring and

modelingmodeling- Reviews Available Biological InformationReviews Available Biological Information– Presents 2002 data collection and analysisPresents 2002 data collection and analysis– Documents model selection processDocuments model selection process– Recommends selected modelRecommends selected model– Recommends supporting data collection strategyRecommends supporting data collection strategy

2002 Data Collection and Analysis2002 Data Collection and Analysis

Characterized thermal patterns in the Lower Snake River Characterized thermal patterns in the Lower Snake River System during the 2002 summer and fall periodSystem during the 2002 summer and fall period

Provided information to evaluate existing water quality Provided information to evaluate existing water quality monitors in representativeness for both spatial and temporal monitors in representativeness for both spatial and temporal patterns in temperature and provide guidance of future patterns in temperature and provide guidance of future sampling requirementssampling requirements

Provided information that helped to decide on the required Provided information that helped to decide on the required model resolution and coverage.model resolution and coverage.

Provided calibration and verification data for selected modelProvided calibration and verification data for selected model

2002 Data Collection and Analysis 2002 Data Collection and Analysis ConclusionsConclusions

Characterization of Lower Snake River Thermal PatternsCharacterization of Lower Snake River Thermal Patterns– Annual vertical thermal gradient in Dworshak 12-14 °C from surface to 60 m Annual vertical thermal gradient in Dworshak 12-14 °C from surface to 60 m

resulting in large volumes of deeper waters at 4-6 °Cresulting in large volumes of deeper waters at 4-6 °C– Dworshak releases of cold waters can result in rapid changes in the lower Dworshak releases of cold waters can result in rapid changes in the lower

Clearwater River temperatures depending on the ratio of the warmer Clearwater River temperatures depending on the ratio of the warmer Clearwater River water to the North ForkClearwater River water to the North Fork

– Resulting change in Lower Granite forebay water temperature is more Resulting change in Lower Granite forebay water temperature is more subtle/dampened and highly dependent on the ratios of middle Snake and subtle/dampened and highly dependent on the ratios of middle Snake and Clearwater River water, total discharge (travel time), and weather conditions Clearwater River water, total discharge (travel time), and weather conditions

– Annual thermal cycles are consistent for all of the study area sampling stations. Annual thermal cycles are consistent for all of the study area sampling stations. Daily solar warming results in significant diel temperature cycles as well as Daily solar warming results in significant diel temperature cycles as well as lasting general warming on most of the riverine reaches. lasting general warming on most of the riverine reaches.

– Clearwater River water underflows when mixing in with the middle Snake Clearwater River water underflows when mixing in with the middle Snake River waters. This incomplete mixing persists throughout the length of Lower River waters. This incomplete mixing persists throughout the length of Lower Granite pool with the colder Clearwater River water flowing underneath the Granite pool with the colder Clearwater River water flowing underneath the warmer Snake River waters. There appears to be slight warming of the surface warmer Snake River waters. There appears to be slight warming of the surface waters. waters.

2002 Data Collection and Analysis 2002 Data Collection and Analysis Conclusions (Continued)Conclusions (Continued)

Characterization of Lower Snake River Thermal PatternsCharacterization of Lower Snake River Thermal Patterns– Annual vertical thermal gradient in Lower Granite pool of 6 °C from surface to Annual vertical thermal gradient in Lower Granite pool of 6 °C from surface to

bottom exists from early July until mid Septemberbottom exists from early July until mid September– Stations downstream of Lower Granite dam indicated much weaker vertical Stations downstream of Lower Granite dam indicated much weaker vertical

thermal gradients. thermal gradients. – Longitudinal thermal gradients due to warming as the water flowed down the Longitudinal thermal gradients due to warming as the water flowed down the

Lower Snake were indicated. The change was gradual with a total change of 2 Lower Snake were indicated. The change was gradual with a total change of 2 °C from Lower Granite Dam down to Ice Harbor Dam during the July-August °C from Lower Granite Dam down to Ice Harbor Dam during the July-August period. period.

– A longitudinal increase of approximately 1 °C occurred in the Lower Granite A longitudinal increase of approximately 1 °C occurred in the Lower Granite pool from the head waters down to the dam. pool from the head waters down to the dam.

– Longitudinal changes of approximately 1 °C were indicated in the downstream Longitudinal changes of approximately 1 °C were indicated in the downstream reaches of the Clearwater Riverreaches of the Clearwater River

– Occasional warming by 0.5 °C was detected on the middle Snake River from Occasional warming by 0.5 °C was detected on the middle Snake River from river mile 170 down to river mile 156 during the July-August period.river mile 170 down to river mile 156 during the July-August period.

– Lateral thermal gradients were minimal in relation the vertical and even some Lateral thermal gradients were minimal in relation the vertical and even some of the longitudinal gradients. The average lateral differences recorded were in of the longitudinal gradients. The average lateral differences recorded were in the order of 0.2 °C.the order of 0.2 °C.

2002 Data Collection and Analysis 2002 Data Collection and Analysis Conclusions (Continued)Conclusions (Continued)

Evaluation/Representativeness of Fixed Water Quality Evaluation/Representativeness of Fixed Water Quality Monitors Monitors – The tailwater monitor was a good measure of tailwater and average The tailwater monitor was a good measure of tailwater and average

forebay water temperature even during periods of significant vertical forebay water temperature even during periods of significant vertical gradients. Forebay profile column average data was found to be no gradients. Forebay profile column average data was found to be no different from the tailwater fixed monitor data. different from the tailwater fixed monitor data.

– The forebay monitors were generally comparable to the 5 m profile The forebay monitors were generally comparable to the 5 m profile instruments as would be expected during the stratified period. instruments as would be expected during the stratified period.

– Both tailwater and forebay samples are point measures in space but the Both tailwater and forebay samples are point measures in space but the tailwater reach is generally well mixed and made up of a fairly uniform tailwater reach is generally well mixed and made up of a fairly uniform blend of the forebay water in the case of the Lower Snake projects. blend of the forebay water in the case of the Lower Snake projects.

– The forebay instrument is positioned at one discreet depth in an area The forebay instrument is positioned at one discreet depth in an area that can experience some significant vertical thermal gradients and will that can experience some significant vertical thermal gradients and will be a biased measure of forebay temperature. be a biased measure of forebay temperature.

LowerLowerGraniteGraniteDamDam

DworshakDworshakDamDam

Snake River Snake River

Clearwater River

SR @ LWG TWTemp=18.8 oCFlow = 33 kcfs

SR @ LWG FBTemp=20.8 oC

SR @ AnatoneTemp=22.1 oCFlow = 20.2 kcfs

CWR @ DWKTemp=9.4 oCFlow = 12.4 kcfs

CWR @ OrofinoTemp=21.5 oCFlow = 2.3 kcfs

CWR @ LewistonTemp=12.7 oC

Lower Snake River Average Monthly Flow and Lower Snake River Average Monthly Flow and Temperature Properties, August 1995-2003Temperature Properties, August 1995-2003

picasso

cooler

warmer

Water Temp

1.2 millionacre-ft storage

0.427 millionacre-ft storage USBR

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

10-Jun 20-Jun 30-Jun 10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 9-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug

Dis

cha

rge

(K

cfs)

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

1600

1610

Dw

ors

ha

k E

leva

tion

(ft

msl

)

PEK Q ANA Q OROF Q Cal LS DWQI SQ DWQI TQ DWK FB

Basin HydrologyBasin Hydrology

Dworshak Dam Outlet ConfigurationDworshak Dam Outlet ConfigurationSelective WithdrawalSelective Withdrawal

Dworshak Pool Thermal StratificationDworshak Pool Thermal Stratification

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10-Jun 20-Jun 30-Jun 10-Jul 20-Jul 30-Jul 9-Aug 19-Aug 29-Aug

Tem

pe

ratu

re (

°C)

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Z 0.5 Z 1.5 Z 3.5 Z 5 Z 10 Z 20Z 30 Z 40 Z 50 Z 60 DWQI SQ DWQI TQ

Water Temp

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

21

22

23

24Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

20001995199019851980197519701965

Year

1960

Daily average water temperature on the Clearwater River at Spalding, 1959-2003

Temperature profile time histories for Lower Granite Temperature profile time histories for Lower Granite forebay, 2002forebay, 2002

5

10

15

20

25

6/1 7/1 7/31 8/30 9/29 10/29 11/28

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

Z 0.5 Z 1.5 Z 3 Z 5 Z 10 Z 15 Z 20 Z 25 Z 30 Z 35

Thermal Patterns in Lower Granite Thermal Patterns in Lower Granite Pool, June 29-August 8, 2002Pool, June 29-August 8, 2002

Model SelectionModel Selection

Based on 2002 data collection/analysis and other model Based on 2002 data collection/analysis and other model selection criteria, the RPA 143 technical team recommends selection criteria, the RPA 143 technical team recommends using CEQUAL-W2 model for this modeling effort.using CEQUAL-W2 model for this modeling effort.– 2 dimensional (laterally averaged) hydrodynamic/water 2 dimensional (laterally averaged) hydrodynamic/water

quality modelquality model– Model code is non-proprietaryModel code is non-proprietary– Long history of successful applications river/reservoir Long history of successful applications river/reservoir

systemssystems– Supported by USACE ERDCSupported by USACE ERDC– Handles other WQ parameters in addition to temperature.Handles other WQ parameters in addition to temperature.– Required computer resources are modestRequired computer resources are modest

Model Geographic DomainModel Geographic Domain

Phase Phase North Fork North Fork Clearwater Clearwater BoundaryBoundary

Mainstem Mainstem Clearwater Clearwater BoundaryBoundary

Upstream Snake Upstream Snake River BoundaryRiver Boundary

Downstream Downstream Snake River Snake River BoundaryBoundary

11 MouthMouth OrofinoOrofino AnatoneAnatone Lower Lower Granite DamGranite Dam

22 Dworshak Dworshak Reservoir HeadReservoir Head

OrofinoOrofino Hells Canyon Dam Hells Canyon Dam TailraceTailrace

MouthMouth

33 Dworshak Dworshak Reservoir HeadReservoir Head

OrofinoOrofino Brownlee Brownlee Reservoir HeadReservoir Head

MouthMouth

Data Collection StrategyData Collection StrategyWater Temperature Routine SamplingWater Temperature Routine Sampling

Continue water quality monitoring at each project tailwater Continue water quality monitoring at each project tailwater and forebay (long term) with the following recommendationsand forebay (long term) with the following recommendations

– Forebay monitoring stationsForebay monitoring stations Relocate stations to avoid near-structure influencesRelocate stations to avoid near-structure influences Replace point monitoring approach with a vertical profiling Replace point monitoring approach with a vertical profiling

approach approach – Temperature stringTemperature string

Real time access to dataReal time access to data

– No change in location of tailwater sampling stationNo change in location of tailwater sampling station Maintain year round samplingMaintain year round sampling

– Add stations as necessary to support management/modeling needsAdd stations as necessary to support management/modeling needs

Data Collection Strategy Data Collection Strategy River/Tributary MonitoringRiver/Tributary Monitoring

Fixed temperature logging at the following locations:Fixed temperature logging at the following locations:

–Snake mainstem at AnatoneSnake mainstem at Anatone

–Clearwater at Orofino, DWQI across riverClearwater at Orofino, DWQI across river

–ToucannonToucannon

–PalousePalouse

–Grande RondeGrande Ronde

–SalmonSalmon

–Snake mainstem at Hells Canyon tailraceSnake mainstem at Hells Canyon tailrace

–Snake mainstem at head of Brownlee ReservoirSnake mainstem at head of Brownlee Reservoir

–North Fork Clearwater upstream of Dwk ReservoirNorth Fork Clearwater upstream of Dwk Reservoir

Data Collection Strategy Data Collection Strategy Water discharge/Project OperationWater discharge/Project Operation

Continue close interval project operations data collection Continue close interval project operations data collection through 2003-2004through 2003-2004

Continue routine COE operations data collectionContinue routine COE operations data collection

Data Collection StrategyData Collection StrategyMeteorological Data – High PriorityMeteorological Data – High Priority

Continue current weather stations (Long-term)Continue current weather stations (Long-term)– Pasco, WA, airport (National Weather Service)Pasco, WA, airport (National Weather Service)– Lewiston, ID, (National Weather Service)Lewiston, ID, (National Weather Service)– Lake Bryan-Rice Bar, WA, near little Goose Dam (Agri-Met)Lake Bryan-Rice Bar, WA, near little Goose Dam (Agri-Met)– Silcott Island, WA, upstream Lower Granite pool (Agri-Met)Silcott Island, WA, upstream Lower Granite pool (Agri-Met)– Dworshak pool/Dent Acres, ID (Agri-Met)Dworshak pool/Dent Acres, ID (Agri-Met)– Fish Hook Park, Ice Harbor Pool (PAWS)Fish Hook Park, Ice Harbor Pool (PAWS)

Add a weather stations on the Snake River (Hells Canyon, Cache Bar)Add a weather stations on the Snake River (Hells Canyon, Cache Bar)

ParametersParameters– Air temperatureAir temperature– Dew Point temperatureDew Point temperature– Barometric pressureBarometric pressure– Wind speedWind speed– Wind directionWind direction– Solar radiationSolar radiation– PrecipitationPrecipitation– Cloud CoverCloud Cover

Data Collection StrategyData Collection StrategyDatabase OperationDatabase Operation

Continue maintenance of research databaseContinue maintenance of research database– Water temperature (research and routine)Water temperature (research and routine)

COE-WES (in river)COE-WES (in river) COE-NWW (routine water quality)COE-NWW (routine water quality) PNNLPNNL IDEQIDEQ Idaho PowerIdaho Power USGSUSGS COE-NWW (in-project fishway thermal data) COE-NWW (in-project fishway thermal data)

– Project operations dataProject operations data RoutineRoutine Special operations close intervalSpecial operations close interval

– Weather dataWeather data Incorporate historical data for research evaluations and trend Incorporate historical data for research evaluations and trend

analysisanalysis

Proposed Model ImplementationProposed Model Implementation

ObjectiveObjective– Water temperature management for habitat improvement Water temperature management for habitat improvement

in the Lower Snake River Basinin the Lower Snake River Basin ApproachApproach

– Development of Numerical Model and Data inputDevelopment of Numerical Model and Data inputCE-QUAL-W2CE-QUAL-W2

– 2D Laterally Averaged Hydrodynamic-Water 2D Laterally Averaged Hydrodynamic-Water Quality ModelQuality Model

– Velocity, stage, temperatureVelocity, stage, temperature– Reservoir/River SystemsReservoir/River Systems

Short and Long Term Forecasts - Hydrologic and Short and Long Term Forecasts - Hydrologic and Meteorologic ConditionsMeteorologic Conditions

CE-Qual-W2 SimulationCE-Qual-W2 SimulationCold Water Discharge into Warm Water BodyCold Water Discharge into Warm Water Body

Proposed Model ImplementationProposed Model Implementation

GoalsGoals– Operational Model by Summer of 2004Operational Model by Summer of 2004

Domain Phase IDomain Phase I– Clearwater River @ DWK to confluence of Snake Clearwater River @ DWK to confluence of Snake

RiverRiver– Snake River from Anatone (RM 167) to Lower Snake River from Anatone (RM 167) to Lower

Granite DamGranite DamDecision support Decision support

– Water control alternatives (flow augmentation)Water control alternatives (flow augmentation)– Temperature control alternatives at Dworshak DamTemperature control alternatives at Dworshak Dam– Fisheries Management (summer/fall temperature Fisheries Management (summer/fall temperature

targetstargets))

Proposed Model ImplementationProposed Model Implementation

Model Development TeamModel Development Team

– US Army Corps of Engineers-LeadershipUS Army Corps of Engineers-LeadershipWalla Walla DistrictWalla Walla DistrictERDCERDC

– Partnership of Regulatory AgenciesPartnership of Regulatory AgenciesEPA EPA State of Washington State of Washington State of Idaho State of Idaho State of OregonState of Oregon

– BPA, BOR, IP, Tribes, NOAA, USFWBPA, BOR, IP, Tribes, NOAA, USFW

Proposed Model Proposed Model ImplementationImplementation

Initial TasksInitial Tasks– Data AnalysesData Analyses

Flow, Stage, VelocityFlow, Stage, Velocity– Water Budget EstimatesWater Budget Estimates

Water TemperatureWater Temperature– Reach Specific Heat BudgetReach Specific Heat Budget

Channel BathymetryChannel Bathymetry– Stage/Storage RelationshipsStage/Storage Relationships

MeteorologyMeteorology– Heat exchange processesHeat exchange processes

BiologyBiology– Timing and Abundance of RunsTiming and Abundance of Runs– Coupled interactions with flow, temperatureCoupled interactions with flow, temperature

Hydraulic StructureHydraulic Structure– Outlet features and stratified flowOutlet features and stratified flow

Proposed Model Proposed Model ImplementationImplementation

TasksTasks– Numerical Grid GenerationNumerical Grid Generation– Boundary ConditionsBoundary Conditions– Model CalibrationModel Calibration

Parameter determinationParameter determination

– Model VerificationModel Verification– Model ApplicationModel Application

forecastingforecasting

Decision Support - TMTDecision Support - TMT

What decisions are needed to begin “Real Time” What decisions are needed to begin “Real Time” management using the temperature model?management using the temperature model?

– What we can controlWhat we can control Dworshak release temperatureDworshak release temperature Dworshak flowDworshak flow Snake flow??Snake flow??

– Constraints – examplesConstraints – examples

General water supply outlookGeneral water supply outlook Minimum temperature in the ClearwaterMinimum temperature in the Clearwater Minimum flow from Dworshak during particular weeks for the Minimum flow from Dworshak during particular weeks for the

purpose of simply “moving fish” purpose of simply “moving fish”

Decision SupportDecision Support

Pilot Water Temperature TargetsPilot Water Temperature Targets

– E.g., “Daily average temperature in Granite E.g., “Daily average temperature in Granite tailrace in normal snowpack year=“tailrace in normal snowpack year=“

““19.0 deg C from June 1 – Sept 15”19.0 deg C from June 1 – Sept 15”

““Draft TMDL Targets – July 7 – Sept 30”Draft TMDL Targets – July 7 – Sept 30”

““As cold as we can get it all summer, until 1520’”As cold as we can get it all summer, until 1520’”– Don’t need a model to shoot for this targetDon’t need a model to shoot for this target

Real TimeReal Time

What is necessary flow from Dworshak now to What is necessary flow from Dworshak now to meet target at Lower Granite a few days from meet target at Lower Granite a few days from now?now?

Predictive Application of the ModelPredictive Application of the Model– Using:Using:

Today’s measured conditions at system boundaries Today’s measured conditions at system boundaries (flow,temp)(flow,temp)

weather and flow forecasts for coming weekweather and flow forecasts for coming week

release temperature constraintsrelease temperature constraints

– Vary the Dworshak flow until target is metVary the Dworshak flow until target is met– Step forward one day and do it againStep forward one day and do it again

Potential Benefits of Real Time Potential Benefits of Real Time ManagementManagement

Conservation of DWK cold water – saving water Conservation of DWK cold water – saving water during cool weatherduring cool weather

Fewer, smaller temperature spikesFewer, smaller temperature spikes

Clearer basis for operational changesClearer basis for operational changes

Less decision making burden on TMTLess decision making burden on TMT

Over time, better understanding of what is Over time, better understanding of what is possiblepossible