bianca book 2
TRANSCRIPT
Honors Spanish 2 Grammar Book
By: Brenda Jean-Bart
Table of Contents
Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer expression Preterito Trigger words Car, gar, zar Spock verbs Cucaracha verbs Snakes and snackeys Dop Commands Irregular verbs Iop’s Se impersonal Past Participles as adjectives
El future and ir + a+ infinitive Demonstrative adjectives Demonstrative pronouns Los mandates Imperfect tense Informal+ irregulars Formal +irregulars DOP +IOP placement Modal verbs Reflexsives Saber v. conocer
Ser
Ser
OriginCharacteris
tics
Description
time
Occupation
Relationships
Pocession
events
Date
Estar
ar-ando
er/ir- endo
-yendo
Estar
health
G
N
I
Presesnt
locaton
location
emotions
Verbs like Gustar
Doler (o-ue)- to hurt Fascinar- to fascinate Molestar- to bother Encantar- to love Faltar- to lack, be in need of Importar- to be important to Disgustar- to disgust
Hacer Expressions
HACE + TIME + QUE + CONJUGATED VERB
Conjuagated verb can be in any tense
Preterrito
Ar verbsEAsteOAmosAron
Er/Ir verbs
IIsteIoImosieron
Trigger words
• Ayer Anoche El ano pasado Le semana pasada Ante ayer
Car, Gar, Zar
CarQue Caste CoCamos CasteisCaron
Gar
GueGasteGoGamosGasteisGaron
ZarCe
ZasteZoZamoszasteiszaron
Spock verbs
Ir
Hacer
Ver
Dar
ser
Preterite Conjugations of Irregular Spock Verbs
IR SER DAR VER HACER
Yo Fui Fui Di Vi Hice
Tú Fuiste Fuiste Diste Viste Hiciste
Ella/Él/Ud.
Fue Fue Dio Vio Hizo
Nosotros
Fuimos Fuimos Dimos Vimos Hicimos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
Fueron Fueron Dieron Vieron Hicieron
Cucaracha verbs
Andar-anduv -e Estar-Estuv -iste Poder-pud -o Poner-pus -imos Querer-quis -isteis Saber-sup -ieron Tener-tuv * “j” verbs i=ieron Venir-vin Conducir-conduj Producir-produj Traducir-traduj Decir-dij Traer-traj
Snakes and Snakeys
SnakesPederYo pediTu pedisteElla/el pidioNosotros pedimosVosotros pedisteisEllos/ellas pidieron
SnakeysVerbs such as leer,
creer, and oir change i to y in 3rd person
LeiLeisteLeyoLeimosLeisteisLeisteisleyeron
DOPs
Lo-it masculine Las-it plural and feminine Los –it plural and masculine La- it feminine
Commands
Affirmative Commands An affirmative command is used when ordering, or telling
someone to do something. In English, it is the “imperative” form of the verb. The formal commands are used when addressing unfamiliar people with a need to express respect and politeness.
Negative Commands A negative command is used when ordering, or telling someone
not to do something. In English, it is the “imperative” form of the verb. The formal commands are used when addressing unfamiliar people with a need to express respect and politeness
To make an affirmative and negative formal command do the following:
(1) Take the present tense “yo” form of the verb(2) Drop the –o or –oy ending(3) For –ar verbs, add an e, for –er and –ir verbs, add an a.
Irregular verbs
Irregular Affirmative Formal Command There are only three verbs that have irregular conjugations which are: ir, saber, ser. Ir goes to to ¡Vaya!, saber goes to !Sepa!, and ser goes to ¡Sea!
Ex: To tell someone to go to the front of the room say: ¡Vaya al frente de la sala! Irregular Negative Formal Command There are only three verbs that have irregular conjugations which are: ir, saber, ser. Ir goes to to ¡Vaya!, saber goes to !Sepa!, and ser goes to ¡Sea!
Ex: To tell someone not to be bad say: ¡No sea malo!
IOPs
Me- yo Te- tu Le-el/ ella/ud Les- ellos/ellas/uds Nos- nosotros
Se impersonal
1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.1.Se vende fruta en la frutería.
2. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.1.Aquí se habla español.
3. Se can be used in all tenses.1.Se hizo mucho.2.Se hará mucho.3.Se había hecho.
TV-DISHES
T-tenga-tener V-venga-venir D-de-dar I-vaya-ir S-sea-ser H-haga-hacer E- este-estar S- sepa-saber
Past Participles as Adjectives
The past participle is a specific form of the verb that usually ends in - ado or – ido
Infinitive Past Participle ar verbs
Cantar Cantado
Tomar Tomado
Cerrar Cerrado
Jugar Jugado
Pensar Pensado
Infinitive Past participle er and ir verbs
Beber Bebido
Promoter prometido
Prefirir preferido
vestir vestido
El Futuro and ir + a + infinitive
The future tense is used to tell what "will" happen, or what "shall" happen. Add é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án to the end of initive verb. Hablar:Yo hablaréTu hablarásÉl hablaráNosotros hablaremosVosotros hablaréisEllos hablarán ir a + infinitive = to be going to do something (in the near future) Voy a llevar a mi hermana a su casa.
I am going to take my sister to her house. Vas a invitar a muchas muchachas.
You are going to invite lots of girls. Cristina va a conversar con mi mamá.
Christina is going to talk with my mom. Eduardo va a leer el libro.
Edward is going to read the book.
Demonstrative adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives describe a noun Este
this Ese
That Aquel
That one over there Estos
These
Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural Translation
Éste Éste This one, these (m)
Ésta Ésta This one, these (f)
Ése Ése That one, those (m)
Ésa Ésa That one, those (f)
Aquél Aquéllos That one over there, those over there (m)
Aquélla Aquéllas That one over there, those over there (f)
Los Mandatos
Affirmative Commands An affirmative command is used when ordering, or telling
someone to do something. In English, it is the “imperative” form of the verb. The formal commands are used when addressing unfamiliar people with a need to express respect and politeness.
Negative Commands A negative command is used when ordering, or telling someone
not to do something. In English, it is the “imperative” form of the verb. The formal commands are used when addressing unfamiliar people with a need to express respect and politeness
To make an affirmative and negative formal command do the following:
(1) Take the present tense “yo” form of the verb(2) Drop the –o or –oy ending(3) For –ar verbs, add an e, for –er and –ir verbs, add an a.
Imperfect tense
Imperfected actions in the past To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following: aba
abasabaábamosabaisaban
Example:Cantar Yo cantaba Tu cantabas Ud/elle/ella Cantaba Nosotros Cantabamos Vosotros Cantabais Uds/ellas/ellos cantaban To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following: ía
íasíaíamosíaisían
Example:Escribir Escrbia Escribias Escribia Escribiamos Escribias escribian
Informal + Irregulars
affirmative tu commands
• used with family and friends
• change to tu form
• drop the s
infinitive commands
• decir...di• hacer...haz• ir...ve• ser...sé• poner...pon• venir...ven• tener...ten• salir...sal
negative commands
• start with yo form
• drop the o• add es (ar verbs)• or add as (ir/er
verbs)• ex: digo→digas
¡No digas que pasó! - Dont tell what happened!
Formal + irregulars
Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.
Compre Ud. el anillo. (You) Buy the ring. Haga Ud. la tarea. (You) Do the homework. Compren Uds. los libros.
(You-all) Buy the books. Hagan Uds. el trabajo. (You-all) Do the work. Start with the yo form of the present indicative. Then drop the -o ending. Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.) -er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)Iregulars:Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip. Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money. Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me.
DOP + IOP Placement
When both pronouns are used in a sentence the order is: I.O.P + D.O.P before a conjugated verb.
Example:Mi madre te las compró. My mother bought them for you.
When a phrase is used, the pronouns can be placed either before the verbal structure or attached to the infinitive or –ing (gerund) form.
I am going to take them to you tomorrow. Voy a llevartelas mañana. Te las voy a llevar mañana. I want to give them to you. Quiero dartelos Te los quiero dar. When the third person pronouns are used together the I.O.P. (le, les)
changes to se in front of the D. O. P. (la, lo ,las, los). ¿Le diste un beso a tu mamá Did you give a kiss to your mom? Sí, se lo di. Yes, I gave it to her To negate a sentance, place the no before both pronouns. No te las compré. I did not buy them for you.
Modal Verbs
The first verb will be conjugated, whereas the 2nd verb remains in the infinitive form
Example: no puedo nadar- I can’t swim Keys verbs used as madal verbs Deber-should, ought to, must Desear- to desire Necesitar- to need Poder- can Querer- to want Saber- to know Soler-usually, used to
Reflexives
Reflexive pronoun
Examples: Peinarse
translation
Yo Me Me peino el pelo
I comb my hair
Tu te Te peinas el pelo
You comb your hair
Ud., él, ella se Se peina el pelo
She combs her hair
Nosotros/as
Nos Nos peinamos el pelo
We comb our hair
Vosotros/as Os Os peinais el pelo
You comb your hair
Uds., ellos, ellas
Se Se peinan el pelo
They comb their hair
Saber v. Conocer
Conocer is used in the context of knowing a person or a place
Saber is used when the subject knows a piece of information or how to do a specific task. It can be translated as “to know” as well as “to know how.”
Present tense
• Yo• Tu• Ud., él, ella• Nosotros/as• Vosotros/as• Uds., ellos,
ellas
Saber
• Sé• Sabes• Sabe• Sabemos• Sabéis• saben
Conocer
• conozo• Conoces• Conoce• Conocemos• Conocéis• conocen