biases in the rc4 keystream (128 bit uniform vs. wpa/tkip)isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/tkip_biases.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biases in the RC4 keystream(128 bit uniform vs. WPA/TKIP)
Nadhem AlFardan and Dan Bernstein and Kenny Paterson andBertram Poettering and Jacob Schuldt
Royal Holloway, University of LondonUniversity of Illinois at Chicago
http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/
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Keystream distributions at position 1
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 1 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 2
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 2 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 3
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 3 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 4
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 4 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 5
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 5 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 6
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 6 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 7
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 7 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 8
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 8 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 9
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 9 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 10
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 10 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 11
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 11 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 12
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 12 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 13
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 13 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 14
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 14 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 15
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 15 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 16
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 16 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 17
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 17 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 18
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 18 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 19
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 19 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 20
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 20 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 21
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 21 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 22
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 22 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 23
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 23 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 24
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 24 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 25
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 25 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 26
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 26 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 27
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 27 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 28
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 28 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 29
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 29 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 30
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 30 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 31
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 31 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 32
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 32 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 33
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 33 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 34
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 34 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 35
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 35 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 36
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 36 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 37
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 37 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 38
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 38 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 39
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 39 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 40
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 40 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 41
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 41 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 42
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 42 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 43
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 43 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 44
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 44 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 45
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 45 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 46
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 46 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 47
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 47 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 48
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 48 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 49
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 49 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 50
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 50 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 51
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 51 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 52
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 52 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 53
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 53 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 54
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 54 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 55
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 55 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 56
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 56 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 57
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 57 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 58
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 58 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 59
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 59 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 60
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 60 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 61
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 61 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 62
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 62 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 63
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 63 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 64
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 64 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 65
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 65 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 66
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 66 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 67
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 67 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 68
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 68 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 69
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 69 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 70
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 70 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 71
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 71 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 72
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 72 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 73
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 73 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 74
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 74 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 75
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 75 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 76
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 76 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 77
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 77 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 78
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 78 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 79
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 79 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 80
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 80 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 81
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 81 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 82
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 82 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 83
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 83 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 84
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 84 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 85
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 85 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 86
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 86 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 87
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 87 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 88
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 88 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 89
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 89 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 90
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 90 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 91
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 91 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 92
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 92 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 93
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 93 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 94
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 94 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 95
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 95 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 96
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 96 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 97
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 97 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 98
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 98 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 99
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 99 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 100
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 100 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 101
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 101 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 102
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 102 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 103
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 103 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 104
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 104 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 105
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 105 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 106
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 106 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 107
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 107 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 108
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 108 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 109
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 109 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 110
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 110 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 111
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 111 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 112
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 112 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 113
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 113 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 114
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 114 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 115
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 115 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 116
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 116 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 117
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 117 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 118
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 118 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 119
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 119 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 120
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 120 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 121
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 121 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 122
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 122 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 123
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 123 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 124
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 124 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 125
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 125 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 126
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 126 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 127
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 127 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 128
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 128 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 129
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 129 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 130
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 130 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 131
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 131 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 132
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 132 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 133
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 133 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 134
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 134 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 135
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 135 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 136
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 136 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 137
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 137 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 138
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 138 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 139
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 139 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 140
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 140 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 141
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 141 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 142
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 142 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 143
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 143 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 144
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 144 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 145
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 145 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 146
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 146 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 147
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 147 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 148
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 148 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 149
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 149 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 150
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 150 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 151
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 151 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 152
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 152 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 153
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 153 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 154
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 154 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 155
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 155 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 156
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 156 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 157
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 157 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 158
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 158 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 159
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 159 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 160
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 160 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 161
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 161 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 162
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 162 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 163
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 163 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 164
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 164 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 165
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 165 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 166
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 166 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 167
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 167 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 168
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 168 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 169
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 169 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 170
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 170 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 171
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 171 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 172
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 172 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 173
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 173 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 174
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 174 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 175
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 175 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 176
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 176 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 177
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 177 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 178
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 178 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 179
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 179 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 180
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 180 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 181
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 181 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 182
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 182 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 183
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 183 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 184
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 184 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 185
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 185 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 186
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 186 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 187
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 187 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 188
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 188 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 189
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 189 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 190
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 190 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 191
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 191 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 192
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 192 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 193
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 193 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 194
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 194 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 195
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 195 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 196
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 196 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 197
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 197 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 198
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 198 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 199
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 199 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 200
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 200 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 201
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 201 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 202
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 202 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 203
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 203 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 204
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 204 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 205
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 205 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 206
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 206 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 207
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 207 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 208
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 208 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 209
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 209 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 210
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 210 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 211
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 211 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 212
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 212 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 213
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 213 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 214
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 214 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 215
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 215 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 216
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 216 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 217
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 217 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 218
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 218 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 219
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 219 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 220
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 220 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 221
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 221 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 222
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 222 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 223
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 223 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 224
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 224 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 225
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 225 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 226
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 226 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 227
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 227 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 228
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 228 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 229
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 229 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 230
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 230 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 231
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 231 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 232
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 232 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 233
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 233 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 234
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 234 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 235
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 235 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 236
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 236 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 237
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 237 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 238
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 238 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 239
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 239 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 240
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 240 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 241
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 241 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 242
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 242 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 243
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 243 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 244
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 244 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 245
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 245 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 246
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 246 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 247
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 247 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 248
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 248 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 249
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 249 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 250
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 250 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 251
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 251 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 252
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 252 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 253
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 253 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 254
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 254 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 255
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 255 / 256
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Keystream distributions at position 256
0.003878
0.00390625
0.00395
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 255
Pro
babili
ty
Byte value [0...255]
AlFardan et al. (RHUL & UIC) Biases in RC4 and WPA/TKIP 256 / 256