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Bibliography of Secondary Sources on Alchemy

Beretta, Marco: The Enlightenment of Matter (Canton, Massachusetts, 1993)

Berthelot, Marcellin: La chimie au moyen âge (Paris, 1893)

Brinkmann, A.A.A.M.: De Alchemist en de Prentkunst (Amsterdam, 1982)

Brock, William H.: The Norton History of Chemistry (New York, 1993)

Butterfield, Herbert: The Origins of Modern Science, 1300-1800 (New York, 1951)

Clericuzio, Antonio: Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles: A Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth

Century (Dordrecht, 2000)

- 'From van Helmont to Boyle: A Study of the Transmission of Helmontian Chemical and Medical Theories in

Seventeenth-Century England', British Journal for the History of Science 26 (1993), 303-34

- 'A Redefinition of Boyle's Chemistry and Corpuscular Philosophy', Annals of Science 47 (1990), 561-81

- 'Robert Boyle and the English Helmontians', in von Martels, Alchemy Revisited , 192-99

Clericuzio, Antonio and P.M. Rattansi (eds.): Alchemy and Chemistry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

(Dordrecht, 1994)

Clucas, Stephen: 'The Correspondence of a XVII-Century "Chymicall Gentleman": Sir Cheney Culpeper and the

Chemical Interests of the Hartlib Circle', Ambix 40 (1993), 147-70

Coudert, Alison: Alchemy: The Philosopher's Stone (London, 1980)

Crombie, A.C.: Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science (1100-1700) (Oxford, 1953)

Crosland, Maurice: Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry (New York, 1978)

Cunningham, Andrew and Ole Peter Grell (eds.): Religio Medici. Medicine and Religion in Seventeenth-Century

England (Aldershot, 1996)

Darmstaedter, Ernst: 'Arznei und Alchemie: Paracelsus-Studien', Studien zur Geschichte der Medizin 20 (1931), 1-

77

http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/prism.php?id=1



Debus, Allen G. (see also Merkel, I.): The Chemical Philosophy: Paracelsian Science and Medicine in the

Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (2 vols., New York, 1977).

- Chemistry, Alchemy and the New Philosophy: Studies in the History of Science and Medicine (Variorum

Reprints, London, 1987): a reprint of most of Debus's individual essays on chemistry and alchemy, not all of which are

listed individually here

- The English Paracelsians (London, 1965)

- 'Fire Analysis and the Elements in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries', Annals of Science 23 (1967), 127-47

- 'Mathematics and Nature in the Chemical Texts of the Renaissance', Ambix 15 (1968), 1-28

- 'The Medico-Chemical World of the Paracelsians', in Teich and Young, Changing Perspectives in the History of

Science, 85-99

- (ed.): Science, Medicine and Society in the Renaissance: Essays to Honour Walter Pagel (2 vols., London,

1972)

Dillinger, Heinz (ed.), Kreatur und Kosmos: Internationale Beiträge zur Paracelsus-Forschung (Stuttgart, 1981)

Dobbs, B.J.T.: Alchemical Death & Resurrection: the Signif icance of Alchemy in the Age of Newton

(Washington, D.C., 1990)

- 'Alchemische Kosmogonie und arianische Theologie bei Isaac Newton' (trans. Christoph Meinel), Wolfenbütteler

Forschungen 32 (1986), 137-50

- The Foundations of Newton's Alchemy, or 'The Hunting of the Greene Lyon' (Cambridge, England, 1975)

- 'From the Secrecy of Alchemy to the Openness of Chemistry', in Frängsmyr, Solomon's House Revisited , 75-94

- The Janus Faces of Genius. The Role of Alchemy in Newton's Thought (Cambridge, England, 1991)

- 'Newton Manuscripts at the Smithsonian Institution', Isis 68 (1977), 105-7

- 'Newton's Alchemy and his Theory of Matter', Isis 73 (1982), 511-28

- 'Newton's Commentary on The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus: its

Scientific and Theological Significance', in Merkel and Debus, Hermeticism, 182-91

- 'Newton's copy of Secrets Reveal'd and the Regimens of the Work', Ambix 26 (1979), 145-69

- 'Studies in the Natural Philosophy of Sir Kenelm Digby', Ambix 18 (1971), 1-25; 20 (1973), 143-63, and 21 (1974), 1-

28

Duveen, Denis I.: Bibliotheca alchemica et chemica (London, 1949)



Eamon, William: Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture

(Princeton, 1994)

Ferguson, John: Bibliotheca chemica (Glasgow, 1906)

Figala, Karin: 'Die exakte Alchemie von Isaac Newton', Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in

Basel 94 (1984), 157-228

- 'Historische Experimente (um 1675); Isaac Newton: Gewinnen eines "Philosophischen Merkurs" als Lösungsmittel

für Gold', Chemie, Experiment und Didaktik 2 (1976), 143-48

- 'Die Mathematikeralchemisten des 17. Jahrhunderts: Einige Betrachtungen zur Alchemie Newtons', Deutsches

Museum Abhandlungen und Berichte 14 (1973), 19-32

- 'Newton as Alchemist', History of Science 15 (1977), 102-37

- 'Newton's Alchemy', in I.B. Cohen and George E. Smith (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Newton

(Cambridge, England, 2002), 370-86

- 'Newtons rationales System der Alchemie', Chemie in unserer Zeit 12 (1978), 101-10

- 'Zwei Londoner Alchemisten um 1700: Sir Isaac Newton und Cleidophorus Mystagogus', Physis 18 (1976), 245-73

K. Figala, J. Harrison and U. Petzold: ' De Scriptoribus Chemicis: Sources for the Establishment of Isaac Newton's

(Al)chemical Library', in P. Harman and A.E. Shapiro (eds.), The Investigation of Difficult Things: Essays on

Newton and the History of the Exact Sciences, in Honour of D.T. Whiteside (Cambridge, England, 1992), 135-79

K. Figala and U. Petzold: 'Alchemy in the Newtonian Circle: Personal Acquaintances and the Problem of the Late

Phase of Isaac Newton's Alchemy', in J.V. Field and F. James (eds.), Renaissance and Revolution: Humanists,

Scholars, Craftsmen and Natural Philosophers in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, England, 1993), 173-91

Frängsmyr, Tore (ed.): Solomon's House Revisited (Canton, Massachusetts, 1990)

Giglioni, Guido: Immaginazione e malattia: Saggio su Jan Baptiste van Helmont (Milan, 2000)

Golinski, Jan: 'Chemistry in the Scientific Revolution: Problems of Language and Communication', in Lindberg and

Westman, Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, 367-96

Goltz, Dietlinde: 'Versuch einer Grenzziehung zwischen "Chemie" und "Alchemie"', Sudhoffs Archiv 52 (1968), 30-47

Gugel, Kurt F.: Johann Rudolph Glauber 1604-70: Leben und Werk (Würzburg, 1955)

Grafton, A.: see Newman, William R.

Hall, Mary Boas: 'Newton's Voyage in the Strange Seas of Alchemy', in Righini Bonelli and Shea, Reason,

Experiment and Mysticism, 239-46



Halleux, Robert: Les textes alchimiques (Turnhout, 1979)

Hannaway, Owen: The Chemists and the Word: The Didactic Origins of Chemistry (Baltimore, 1975)

Harrison, J.: see Figala, Karin

Holmyard, E.J.: Alchemy (New York, 1990; 1st. ed. 1957)

Hunter, Michael and Lawrence M. Principe: 'The Lost Papers of Robert Boyle', Annals of Science 60 (2003)

Jacobi, Jolande: 'Paracelsus: His Life and Work', in Paracelsus: Selected Writings, ed. Jolande Jacobi (trans.

Norbert Guterman, London, 1951), 39-74.

Joly, Bernard: 'Alchimie et rationalité: la question des critères de démarcation entre chimie et alchimie au XVIIe

siècle', Sciences et techniques en perspective 31 (1995), 93-107

- 'L'alkahest, dissolvant universel, ou quand la théorie rend pensible une pratique impossible', Revue d'histoire des

sciences 49 (1996), 308-30

- 'Qu'est-ce qu'une laboratoire alchimique?', Cahiers d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences 40 (1992), 87-102

- La rationalité de l'alchimie au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1992)

Kopp, H.: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Chemie (Braunschweig, 1869)

Kraus, Paul: Jabir ibn Hayyan: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam (Cairo, 1943)

Laszlo, Pierre: Qu'est-ce que l'alchimie? (Paris, 1996)

Lindberg, David C. and Robert S. Westman (eds.): Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge, England,

1990)

Linden, Stanton J.: Dark e Hieroglyphicks: Alchemy in English Literature from Chaucer to the Restoration

(Lexington, 1996)

Lüthy, Christoph, John E. Murdoch and William R. Newman (eds.): Late Medieval and Early Modern Corpuscular

Matter Theories (Leiden, 2001)

McGuire, J.E. and Robert S. Westman: Hermeticism and the Scientific Revolution (Los Angeles, 1977)

Macphail, I.: Alchemy and the Occult: a Catalogue of Books and Manuscripts f rom the Collection of Paul and

Mary Mellon given to Yale University Library, (2 vols., New Haven, 1968; new edition 1977)

Margolin, Jean-Claude and Sylvain Matton (eds.): Alchimie et philosophie à la Renaissance (Paris, 1993)

Martels, Z.R.W.M. von (ed.): Alchemy Revisited (Leiden, 1990)



Martin, Luther: 'A History of the Psychological Interpretation of Alchemy', Ambix 22 (1975), 10-20

Matton, Sylvain: see Margolin, Jean-Claude

Meinel, Christoph (ed.): Die Alchemie in der europäischen Kultur- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte (Wiesbaden,

1986)

I. Merkel and A.G. Debus (eds.): Hermeticism and the Renaissance. Intellectual History and the Occult in Early

Modern Europe (Washington, D.C.and London, 1988)

Montgomery, John Warwick: Cross and Crucible: Johann Valentin Andreæ, Phoenix of the Theologians (The

Hague, 1973)

Moran, Bruce T.: The Alchemical World of the German Court: Occult Philosophy and Chemical Medicine in the

Circle of Moritz of Hessen (1572-1632) (Sudhoffs Archiv Beiheft 29, Stuttgart, 1991)

- Chemical Pharmacy Enters the University: Johannes Hartmann and the Didactic Care of Chymiatria in the

Early Seventeenth Century (Madison, Wisconsin, 1991)

- (ed.) Patronage and Institutions: Science, Technology and Medicine at the European Court 1500-1750

(Woodbridge, 1991)

Multhauf, Robert: The Origins of Chemistry (London, 1966)

- 'The Significance of Distillation in Renaissance Medical Chemistry', Bulletin of the History of Medicine 30 (1956),

329-346

Murdoch, John E.: see Lüthy, Christopher

Newman, William R. (see also Lüthy, Christopher and Principe, Lawrence M.): 'The Alchemical Sources of Robert

Boyle's Corpuscular Philosophy', Annals of Science 53 (1966), 567-85

- 'Alchemical Symbolism and Concealment: The Chemical House of Libavius', in Peter Galison and Emily Thompson

(eds.), The Architecture of Science (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000), 59-77

- 'Alchemy, Assaying, and Experiment', in Frederic L. Holmes and Trevor H. Levere (eds.), Instruments and

Experimentation in the History of Chemistry (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000)

- 'Arabic Forgeries in the Seventeenth Century: The Case of the Summa Perfectionis', in Russell, Natural

Philosophers, 278-96

- The Authorship of the Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium', in von Martels, Alchemy Revisited , 139-44

- 'The Background to Newton's Chymistry', in I.B. Cohen and George E. Smith (eds.), The Cambridge Companion

to Newton (Cambridge, England, 2002), 358-69



- 'Boyle's Debt to Corpuscular Alchemy', in Michael Hunter (ed.), Robert Boyle Reconsidered (Cambridge, England,

1994), 107-18

- 'Corpuscular Alchemy and the Tradition of Aristotle's Meteorology, with Special Reference to Daniel Sennert',

International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 15 (2001), 145-53

- 'The Corpuscular Transmutation Theory of Eirenaeus Philalethes', in Clericuzio and Rattansi, Alchemy and

Chemistry, 161-82

- 'Decknamen or "Pseudochemical Language"? Eirenaeus Philalethes and Carl Jung', Revue d'histoire des sciences

49 (1996), 159-88

- 'Experimental Corpuscular Theory in Aristotelian Alchemy: From Geber to Sennert', in Lüthy et al., 291-329

- Gehennical Fire: The Lives of George Starkey, An Alchemist of Harvard in the Scientific Revolution

(Harvard, 1994)

- 'L'influence de la Summa perfectionis du pseudo-Geber', in Margolin and Matton, Alchimie et philosophie, 65-77

- 'Newton's Clavis as Starkey's Key', Isis 78 (1987), 564-74

- 'The Occult and the Manifest among the Alchemists', in Ragep and Ragep, Tradition, Transmission,

Transformation, 173-98

- 'The Philosophers' Egg: Theory and Practice in the Alchemy of Roger Bacon', Micrologus 3 (1995), 75-101

- 'The Place of Alchemy in the Current Literature on Experiment', in Michael Heidelberger and Friedrich Steinle

(eds.), Experimental Essays: Versuche zum Experiment (Baden-Baden, 1998)

- Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature (Chicago, 2004)

- 'Prophecy and Alchemy: The Origin of Eirenæus Philalethes', Ambix 37 (1990), 97-115.

- The Summa Perfectionis of pseudo-Geber: A Critical Edition, Translation and Study (Leiden, 1991)

- 'Technology and Alchemical Debate in the Late Middle Ages', Isis 80 (1989), 423-45

- 'Thomas Vaughan as an Interpreter of Agrippa von Nettesheim', Ambix 29 (1982), 125-140

Newman, William R. and Anthony Grafton (eds.): Secrets of Nature: Astrology and Alchemy in Early Modern

Europe (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2001)

Newman, William R. and Lawrence M. Principe: Alchemy Tried in the Fire: Stark ey, Boyle, and the Fate of

Helmontian Chymistry (Chicago, 2002)

- 'Alchemy vs. Chemistry: The Etymological Origins of a Historiographic Mistake', Early Science and Medicine 3



(1998), 32-65

Obrist, Barbara: Les débuts de l'imagerie alchimique (XIVe-XVe siècles) (Paris, 1982)

Osler, Margaret J. (ed.): Rethink ing the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge, England, 2000)

Pagel, Walter: Joan Baptista Van Helmont: Reformer of Science and Medicine (Cambridge, England, 1982)

- Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance (Basel and New York,

1958)

- 'The Religious and Philosophical Aspects of van Helmont's Science and Medicine', Bulletin of the History of

Medicine, supp. 2 (1944)

Partington, J.R.: A History of Chemistry (4 vols.: London, 1961-70)

Petzold, U.: see Figala, Karin

Pietsch, Erich: 'Johann Rudolph Glauber: Der Mensch, sein Werk und seine Zeit', Deutsches Museum

Abhandlungen und Berichte 24, Heft 1 (1956), 1-64

Ploss, Emil Ernst, Heinz Rosen-Runge and Heinrich Schipperges: Alchimia: Ideologie und Technologie (Munich,

1970)

Porter, Roy and Mikulás Teich (eds.): The Scientific Revolution in National Context (Cambridge, England, 1992)

Porto, Paulo Alves: 'Michael Sendivogius on Nitre and the Preparation of the Philosophers' Stone', Ambix 48 (2001),

1-16

- '"Summus Atque Felicissimus Salium": The Medical Relevance of the Liquor Alkahest ', Bulletin of the History of

Medicine 76 (2002), 1-29

Powers, John C.: '"Ars sine Arte": Nicholas Lemery and the End of Alchemy in Eighteenth-Century France', Ambix

45 (1998), 163-89

Principe, Laurence M. (see also Hunter, Michael and Newman, William R.): 'The Alchemies of Robert Boyle and

Isaac Newton: Alternate Approaches and Divergent Deployments', in Osler, Rethinking the Scientific Revolution ,

201-20

- 'Apparatus and Reproducibility in Alchemy', in Frederic L. Holmes and Trevor H. Levere (eds.), Instruments and

Experimentation in the History of Chemistry (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000), 55-74

- The Aspiring Adept: Robert Boyle and his Alchemical Quest (Princeton, 1998)

- '"Chemical Translation" and the Role of Impurities in Alchemy: Examples from Basil Valentine's Triumph-Wagen',

Ambix 34 (1987), 21-30



- 'Newly Discovered Boyle Documents in the Royal Society Archive: Alchemical Tracts and his Student Notebook',

Notes and Records of the Royal Society 49 (1995), 57-50

- 'Robert Boyle's Alchemical Secrecy: Codes, Ciphers, and Concealments', Ambix 39 (1992), 63-74

- 'William Homberg: Chymical Corpuscularianism and Chrysopoeia in the Early Eighteenth Century', in Lüthy et al.,

Matter Theories, 535-56

Principe, Lawrence M. and William R. Newman: 'Some Problems with the Historiography of Alchemy', in Newman

and Grafton, Secrets of Nature, 385-434

Pumfrey, Stephen, Paolo L. Rossi and Maurice Slawinsky (eds.): Science, Culture and Popular Belief in the

Renaissance (Manchester, 1991)

Ragep, F. Jamil and Ragep, Sally P. (eds.): Tradition, Transmission, Transformation: Proceedings of Two

Conferences on Pre-modern Science Held at the University of Oklahoma (Leiden, 1996)

Rattansi, P.M.: 'The Helmontian-Galenist Controversy in Restoration England', Ambix 12 (1964), 1-23

- 'Newton's Alchemcal Studies', in Debus, Science, Medicine and Society, vol. 2, 167-82

- 'Paracelsus and the Puritan Revolution', Ambix 11 (1963), 24-32

- 'Some Evaluations of Reason in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Natural Philosophy', in Teich and Young,

Changing Perspectives in the History of Science , 148-166

Read, John: Prelude to Chemistry: An Outline of Alchemy, Its Literature and Relationships (London, 1936)

Righini Bonelli, M.L. and William R. Shea (eds.): Reason, Experiment and Mysticism in the Scientific Revolution

(London and Basingstoke, 1975)

Roberts, Gareth: The Mirror of Alchemy (London, 1994)

Rocke, A.J.: 'Agricola, Paracelsus and "Chymia"', Ambix 32 (1985), 37-45.

Ruska, Julius: 'Die Alchemie des Avicenna', Isis 21 (1934), 14-51

- Das Buch der Alaune und Salze: Ein Grundwerk der spätlateinischen Alchemie (Berlin, 1935)

Russel, G.A. (ed.): The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England (Leiden,

1994)

Sheppard, H.J.: 'Chinese and Western Alchemy: the Link through Definition', Ambix 32 (1985), 32-37

Smith, Pamela H.: The Business of Alchemy: Science and Culture in the Holy Roman Empire (Princeton, 1994)

- 'Vital Spirits: Redemption, Artisanship, and the New Philosophy in Early Modern Europe', in Osler, Rethinking the



Scientific Revolution, 119-35

Soukoup, Rudolf Werner and Helmut Mayer: Alchemistisches Gold, Paracelsische Pharmaka:

Chemiegeschichtliche und archaeometrische Untersuchungen am Inventar des Laboratoriums von

Oberstockstall/Kirchberg am Wagram (Vienna, 1997)

Szydlo, Zbignew: 'The Alchemy of Michael Sendivogius: His Central Nitre Theory', Ambix 40 (1993), 129-46

- 'The Influence of the Central Nitre Theory of Michael Sendivogius on the Chemical Philosophy of the Seventeenth

Century', Ambix 43 (1996), 80-97

- Water Which Does Not Wet Hands (Warsaw, 1994)

Taylor, F. Sherwood: The Alchemists: Founders of Modern Chemistry (New York, 1949)

- 'An Alchemical Work of Sir Isaac Newton', Ambix 5 (1956), 59-84

Teich, Mikulás: see Porter, Roy

Teich, Mikulás and Robert Young (eds.): Changing Perspectives in the History of Science: Essays in Honour of

Joseph Needham (London, 1973)

Thomas, Keith: Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Seventeenth

Century England (London, 1971, 4th. ed. 1980)

Thorndike, Lynn: A History of Magic and Experimental Science (8 vols.: New York, 1923-58)

Turnbull, George: 'Peter Stahl, the First Public Teacher of Chemistry at Oxford', Annals of Science 9 (1953), 265-70

- 'George Stirk, Philosopher by Fire', Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts 38 (1959), 219-251

Vickers, B. (ed.): Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance (Cambridge, England, 1984)

Walton, Michael T.: 'Boyle and Newton on the Transmutation of Water and Air, from the Root of Helmont's Tree',

Ambix 27 (1980), 11-18

Webster, Charles: 'English Medical Reformers of the Puritan Revolution: A Background to the "Society of Chymical

Physitians"', Ambix 14 (1967), 16-41

- From Paracelsus to Newton: Magic and the Mak ing of Modern Science (London, 1982)

- The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine and Reform 1626-1660 (London, 1975)

- Utopian Planning and the Puritan Revolution: Gabriel Plattes, Samuel Hartlib and Macaria (Oxford, 1979)

Westfall, R.S.: 'Alchemy in Newton's Library', Ambix 31 (1984), 97-101



- 'The Influence of Alchemy on Newton', in M.P. Hanen, M.J. Osler and R.B. Weyant (eds.), Science, Pseudo-

Science and Society (Waterloo, Ontario, 1980)

- 'Isaac Newton's Index Chemicus', Ambix 22 (1975), 174-85

- 'Newton and Alchemy', in Vickers, Occult and Scientific Mentalities, 315-35

Wilkinson, Ronald Stearne: 'George Starkey, Physician and Alchemist', Ambix 11 (1963), 121-152

- 'The Hartlib Papers and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry', Ambix 15 (1968), 54-69 and 17 (1970), 85-110

- 'The Problem of the Identity of Eirenæus Philalethes', Ambix 12 (1964), 24-43

Young, John T.: Faith, Medical Alchemy and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer,

and the Hartlib Circle (Aldershot, 1998)

Young, Robert: see Teich, Mikulás

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