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234

Index

Abertis (Spanish company) 124Abravanel, R. 190, 225Accenture 17accidents

industrial/occupational 20, 23, 40, 70q, 73, 82, 92, 100–1t, 105t, 112t

accountability 10, 19, 20, 89, 117–18, 129, 147, 161, 168, 170–2, 179, 200, 206, 211

definition 201‘driven by (vertical)

competition’ 196–7, 202f, 221Jesuit Refugee Service 142moving society towards 9public policy 224

accountability divide 187accountants 39‘accounting for work’ concept 6, 7, 8,

187, 188, 192–7, 202, 220, 221method 207purpose 207–8social value of competition 206–10

Adam Smith’s brewer 187–8Adams, R. 80Adidas 22administrative law 190advertising 37, 44–5, 48, 108t, 120,

127, 128, 158–9, 223Affluent Society (Galbraith, 1958) 130,

227Afghanistan 172Africa 28–9, 144–5agriculture

prevalence of competition 184tAgrippa, Menenius Lanatus 198‘’AIDS/HIV 28, 144, 145, 159–60‘Ain’t Misbehaving’ 43Airone 58Algeria 113tAlitalia 48, 58–9, 60Allison, G. 122, 225Amazon.com 204

American Cancer Society (ACS, 1913–) 143–4

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 155

American Economic Review 74, 230Angola 20annual reports 91, 127 anti- politics 188–90 anti- trust 4, 14, 24, 115t, 125, 127,

158, 207, 208Apple 69Argentina 20Asia 20–1Aspen (Colorado) 34–5Assintel (ICT association) 216ASSTEL association 103tAttilio, Count 126audio (versus ‘visual’) 44–5autarky of public administration

153–67, 181, 224automobiles 97t, 130

see also FIATautomotive systems 65Autostrade (Italy) 124Avis ( non- profit organization) 216awareness 23, 188, 194, 197, 209, 214,

216, 217q, 220, 222

B2Blood project 216babies 50, 52BAe Systems 40, 47, 51, 71, 95–6

CSR Report 2004 17–19balance sheets 1–2balanced scorecard 65, 88Ballmer, S. 13banks 55, 67–8, 75–6, 81, 97t, 97, 119,

133, 154, 204, 223–4application of USDIME framework

134–9irresponsibility 124–6prevalence of competition 184t

Baricco, A. 76, 225

Key: bold = extended discussion; f = figure; q = questionnaire; t = table.

Index 235

Basel- Frankfurt freeway 123basso continuo 195Bauman, Z. 188, 190, 225‘beautiful’ versus ‘useful’ 5–10, 222beauty 66behavior

‘reforming negative’ versus ‘affirming positive’ 47, 48

Belgium 152tBellow, S. 203–4benchmarking 2, 8–9, 153, 161, 162,

171, 182, 198–9, 201 cross- facility 165–7emergency calls 163–5

benchmarks 62, 62q, 72, 77q, 109t, 115t, 123, 126, 129

Berlin 19, 68Bersani, P. 25Bersani’s law (2006) 103tBetrothed (Manzoni) 126Bettelheim, B. 43, 225Bezos, J. 204Bhopal 15blood donation 216Blueguide experience (D’Anselmi)

205blurred boundaries

public versus private sector 117BMW 4, 23BNP Paribas 4bonds 76, 125book-keeping/ book- keepers 1–2, 75Bosnia 83bounded rationality 40brain drain 154–5brands 25, 26, 29, 35, 158–9Brazil 219tBrembo 65Brenner Pass Highway 56brevity 70q

‘key element of disclosure’ 65brewers 188British American Security Information

Council (BASIC) 18British government 95British Petroleum (BP) 40–2, 92,

95, 97tCSR Report 2008 41reserve replacement data 96

broadband 67, 175t, 176t

‘broken triangle of democratic governance’ (Lapiccirella) 189, 189f

‘BS’ 223Buckwalter, R.L. 155Buddha/Buddhism 129, 145budgetary shortcuts 170–1budgeting system 168budgets

bureaucracies 181–2mixed regimes 182

bureaucracy 74, 180, 188–90, 204, 229, 230, 232

budget- maximizing 181‘irresponsible’ 181organizational 182salaries 205‘symptoms of illnesses’

(Niskanen) 181see also public administration

businesses 178tcore activities versus non- core

activities 34‘business and community’ (key

phrase) 205, 209business ethics 223business lobby 140business schools 87BVMW 220

California 143call centres 66–7, 120–1, 127, 164tCallieri, C. 132Calvino, I. 65, 130, 226Canada 20cancer 27candidate selection 199

‘more important than electoral system’ 170

Capgemini, W.P. 178t, 226capital [funds] 191capital [versus labor] 190capital expenditure (CAPEX) 215capitalism 56, 223, 224

backstage xiii, 5, 13–31, 32, 38, 39, 44, 49, 73, 86, 92, 93, 153, 179

capitalist bullies 121see also neighborhood bullies

carabineers 162fcarbon emissions 65, 80, 105t, 107t,

127–8

236 Index

carbon rights mechanism 128Carroll’s pyramid (1991) 39cartels 80Carter, J.E. 188case studies xiii, 181, 194

disclosure 66–9EU Structural Funds 172–8‘if you do not measure it, you did not

do it’ 172–8implementation 74–6‘irrelevant politics’ 172–8 micro- ethics 81–4prevalence of competition in

society 183–8research institutions 147–52reverse engineering in police force

accounts 161–7unknown stakeholder 55–60USDIME: application to sample of

European banks 134–9Cassa Lombarda/Aletti Gestielle 67Cato Institute 180Caudine Forks 121Caux Round Table 43cement 24–5census statistics 183central banks 76, 94, 119, 131–3central government 62q, 186t, 209Centre National pour la Recherche

Scientifique (CNRS) 147–52CEOs 4Cervantes, M. 65chambers of commerce 220change management 80charities 140, 141–2, 217qChicago 16child labor 20–2, 31children 107t, 131, 144, 155, 201China 25–7, 28, 219tChrist Stopped at Eboli (Levi, 1945) 178Chrysler 17Cirio 125citizen security system:

case study 74–5citizens 62, 178t, 189f, 189–90, 199

‘ignored stakeholder’ 60‘civicness’ (Putnam) 198, 200, 209civil justice 209civil war 196civilization 220

class struggle 200, 201‘classified information’

versus ‘industrial secrets’ 65client account assignments 81client risk profiles 125clients 57, 68, 102–3t, 106–7t, 109–10t,

113–15t, 136–7t, 181–2clinker 25Clinton, W.J. 75Clockwork Orange (Kubrick film) 46‘Club Total’ 19–20CNH tractors 22Coast Guard 171code of ethics 51, 77q, 102–3t, 105t,

109t, 113t, 136–7tcode of service 103tcoffee shops 1, 15collateral 204collective action 6, 9, 195, 196, 210collectivism 80Comdata Center SpA 101t‘commercialized’ product category 26Committee of European Securities

Regulators (CESR) 88, 89Common Law 153‘common wealth’ policy 192‘communicating vessels’ 192–3, 198,

200, 220communication studies 87communication theory 5Communications Decency Act (CDA,

USA, 1996) 155companies 200

see also for- profit sectorcompetition 23, 54–5, 59, 85q, 89,

125, 129, 132, 140, 141, 172, 179, 181, 182, 205, 206, 212, 223, 224

business model 214‘certifier of accountability’ 207‘confers legitimacy to SMEs’ 211correct and fair 109tcultural level 209domestic 204‘driver of accountability’ 202f, 221economic and social ( inter- cultural

perspective) 219–20fair 95‘germs’ of 61horizontal 194, 195

Index 237

competition – continuedhorizontal (‘the answer’) 196horizontal view 199–201‘ignored stakeholder’ 61–2international 4limited 133police forces 161, 166‘political opportunity’ 208prevalence in society

(case study) 183–8‘sort of ghost’ 196–201 supra- national level 10, 209synonyms 197, 198–9unfair 213vertical 8, 9, 194, 197, 199, 201, 213vertical (‘driver of accountability’)

196–7see also cut- throat competition

competitive advantage 6, 22, 133, 194, 195

nations 207competitive context 50, 62q, 95, 109t,

114t, 138–9tcompetitive context diamond 210competitive divide 8–9, 10, 192,

195, 219from CSR to politics 117–222empirical point of view 201–2exists 179, 183–8‘partially explains social malaise’

179, 188‘pivotal to economy and society’

207–8quantitative divide 191t, 191f

competitive environment 54, 119competitiveness 128competitors 41, 65, 92, 94, 96Computer Associates 216‘conciliation procedures’ 106tcondominiums (buildings) 172Confederazione Italiana Sindacati dei

Lavoratori 213confidentiality 214conflict of interest 121, 199Congo 20, 113tconscience 15, 49, 76Consejo Superior de Investigación Científica

(CSIC) 147–9, 152tConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

(CNR) xiii, 147–52

conspicuous consumption 159constitutions 187construction 119, 203

prevalence of competition 184tconsultants 68, 84–5, 124–5, 126consumer associations 106t, 158Consumer Delight Index (CDI) 110tconsumer organizations 121consumers 4, 8, 26, 47, 48, 58, 59, 61,

62, 69, 76, 82, 103t, 113t, 132, 158, 188, 196–7, 200, 225

and telephone monopolist 120–2contractors 172cooperation 198Copiello, L. 213core business 42, 88, 96, 161Corinthians I (St Paul) 32corporate communications 13, 217q

ethics 127corporate culture 89corporate governance 14–15corporate image 19, 138–9tcorporate irresponsibility 49–50, 96

identification 54corporate names

post- ethnic anonymity 17‘Corporate Reporting Frameworks’

(Tencati, 2010) 89, 231corporate social irresponsibility

(CSIR) xiii, 47, 91corporate social responsibility (CSR) 6,

29, 203, 207‘acquisition of awareness’ 35–6, 38‘in action’ 57‘always there’ 35, 36, 43basic questions 40‘can be managed’ 36, 38‘central idea’ 21characterization 6–7concept extension 7‘confers legitimacy to SMEs’ 211crossed out outside core business of

enterprise 41f, 47definition 35‘discovery, not invention’ 48‘duty of all workers’ 221‘essence’ 43extended to all organizations in

economy 195‘extra effort’ view 43

238 Index

feasible behavior (mapped and expanded) 42f

‘four noble truths’ 34–6, 43 four- value process framework

(D’Anselmi) 43‘given separate identity from other

organizational behavior’ 37versus ‘giving’ 33‘good enough’ versus ‘perfect’ 43issue framework 7‘knife, not onion’ 42flimits 223‘not against thieves’ 39origin 200‘outside the Porter and Kramer model’

(2006) 45–6versus ‘philanthropy’ 32–4, 141–4proper purpose 196public administration 153–67purpose 9reversal of picture 8, 9SME questionnaire 215–19typology of responsibility 36–9voluntary effort of management 40‘weak’ theory 43, 98, 180who you are, not what you do xiii,

32–43, 44, 48, 86, 98‘yes or no’ answer 42see also CSR doppelgänger

corporate ‘spiritual capital’ (Ghetti) 51corporate strategy 23 corporation–stakeholder

relationship 171corporations 8, 9, 153, 179

competitive divide 202f‘finding what was expected’ 91–4information provided by 31internal communication 64Italian 4‘living on margins’ 33–4

correctional facilities 180correctional officers 165, 166–7fcorrectional police

cross- facility benchmarking 165–7

Corriere della Sera xiii, xiv, 58corruption 18, 19, 30, 36, 55, 77q,

103t, 113t, 136–7t, 144, 145, 147, 188, 199, 200, 224

cost accounting 2

‘cost of non-government’ 209, 222cost of work per unit of product 127‘cost-cutting’ 121country interests 35, 36 country- system (concept) 207court cases 115tCourt of Accounts 61cowardice 74CR 104t

CR performance 106tCR principles 105t

credit 101t, 112t, 134–5t, 215, 216qcreditworthiness 3crime 39, 74–5, 199crime rate 163crowd control 163, 164tCSR doppelgänger

(irresponsibility) 46–7, 48CSR executives

sorrows 87CSR to politics

competitive divide 117–222generalizations xiii, 118, 154, 179–93

CSR process framework 11–115CSR rating

towards an open- source community 96–7

CSR reporting 15, 201CSR ‘reportist’ (D’Anselmi) 87CSR reports 1–3, 13, 27, 31–4, 36, 37,

43, 53, 55, 62, 64, 68, 77q, 85q, 86–7, 91, 95

‘bespeak drafting institution’ 131comfort zone 88comparability 88 micro- ethics 79public sector 61readability 88relevant content 54‘touchy pieces of information’ 48

CSR special reports 214–15CSR standards 88–90CSR typology

revision 40culture 40, 71, 189, 215, 219–20,

222, 223‘culture of implementation’

(D’Anselmi) 72versus ‘politics of announcement’

(D’Anselmi) 71

Index 239

current expenditure 215customer care 2, 133customer relations 126, 216qcustomer satisfaction 2, 94, 106t,

110t, 114tcustomer service 4, 60, 136–7t

measures 77qcustomer sovereignty 201customers 16, 53, 54, 63q, 77q, 79,

93, 207risk profiles 81

customs (tradition) 223 cut- throat competition 5–6, 55, 194,

220, 221giving competition a name 197–9see also international competition

D’Anselmi, P. xiii, 1–3, 205, 226–7Daimler Smart For Two 24Dalzell, S. 155Dante Alighieri 119data deficiencies 134–9t, 173,

173f, 174Davos (Switzerland) 34–5De Benedetti, Ingegnere C. 21debt 101t, 112t, 134–5t, 191t, 204 decision- making xiii, 51, 78–85, 171

centralized system 170democracy 168, 221

weaknesses (Italy) 195–6Denmark 152tdenominators 77q, 104t, 113–14tdeveloping countries 27, 70q, 100t,

112t, 224development 153, 158, 174‘development aid’ 27dialectics 9, 196

citizens versus politics 189f, 189–90 inter- sector 210 labor– capital 190

digital divide 106–7t, 110tdigital subscriber line (DSL) 175tDihk (Germany) 220dirigisme:

milk- pricing 158–9disability 37disclosure xiii, 7, 43, 49, 50–1, 54, 63,

64–70, 70q, 72, 77q, 80, 89, 92–4, 95, 127, 136–9t, 223–4

banks 134–5t

brevity 50, 65case studies 66–9doubt and vulnerability 65–6ENI 112tING Group 134tIntesa 134tquestionnaire 70relevance 64–5Telecom Italia and Vodafone

99–102tdisinformation 79, 85q, 108t, 114tdistribution networks (gasoline) 92DLNA standards 107tDoes Ethics have a Chance in a World of

Consumers? (Bauman, 2008) 188, 225

dolce vita 59Don Quixote 65donations 136–7t, 217qdoubt and vulnerability 65–6, 70q, 94,

101t, 112t, 134–5tDow Jones Sustainability Index

Assessment 17downstream activities 77q, 106–7t,

114t, 136–7tdrugs 28–9

‘minor adjustments’ 27–8, 31drugs (narcotics) 37, 56‘dual labor market’ 187due diligence 1–2‘due process’ (UK) 171

e- Business 177t e- Commerce 176t e- Government indicators 176t, 178tEast Asia 33EBITDA 63qEboli 178Eccles, R.G. 33, 88, 215, 227Eco, U. 133economic cycles 76economic freedom (Marshall) 198economic sectors 6, 8economic utility theory 47economics 90, 146‘Economics 101’ 223Economist, The 4, 55, 93, 141–2, 223–4,

227EDF 153education 73, 144, 145, 209

240 Index

efficiency 62q, 169, 195, 208election time 190, 214electoral campaigns 59–60, 171–2electoral systems 60, 168, 169–70electorate/voters 50, 120electricity/electric power 65, 80,

127, 133electromagnetism 106t, 108telectronic mail 69, 175t, 219Eliot, T.S. 66, 69, 85, 227elites 222elitism 196emergencies 99t, 102t, 112–13t, 124,

134–7temergency calls 163–5empiricism 9, 91, 201, 207, 220employees 16, 53, 59, 61–4, 90, 94–6,

100–1t, 105t, 110–12t, 115t, 121, 124, 133, 203, 208, 215

‘best company ambassadors’ 57compensation 92–3

employment 24, 58, 177t, 187, 203, 219tEnd of Poverty (Sachs, 2005) 144–5, 231ENEL 29energy 4, 19, 67, 97t, 113t, 127

see also power companiesENI 19, 92

disclosure 112timplementation 112–14t micro- ethics 114tschool nursery 115tUSDIME framework 112–15t

Enron 39, 40, 41entrepreneurial associations 183, 224entrepreneurs 206, 208entrepreneurship 203environment 23, 24, 25, 84, 102t,

114–15t, 209environmental law 41Environmental Protection League 128equality 206ERG service stations 57–8erga omnes communication 60Eros and Civilization (Marcuse, 1955)

84, 229ethics 29–30, 188, 216q, 225Ethics (‘big E’) 42, 51, 78euro 131–3‘euro lost’ versus ‘euro gained’

(psychology) 47

Europe 41, 65, 71, 80, 108t, 119, 127European Central Bank (ECB) 76,

81, 82disclosure 67–8 micro- ethics 81

European Commission Recommendation (2003) 202–3

European Patent Office 29European public sphere (creation) 169European Social Fund 220European Union (EU) 47, 58, 125, 203,

219, 224ODA 169Structural Funds (case study) 172–8

evaluationex ante versus ex post 143–4

everyman’s decision- making 78–85Evian G8 (June 2003) 20Evita 158excusatio non petitae 114t, 115texploitation 28, 46export 207, 220external effects 15–17externalities 35–6, 40, 50, 72–3, 86,

89, 199pizzeria versus laundry 73

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) 20

Exxon 69

favela 25favoritism 200Ferrara, A. xiii, 188, 189, 195–6, 227Ferriss, T. 82, 227FIAT 4, 17, 21, 31, 50, 97t

yoke 22–4Fiennes, J. 157‘figure in the carpet’ 50–1finance police (Italy) 162ffinancial crisis (2008–) 33, 38, 39,

70q, 72, 75, 93, 97, 101t, 112t, 117, 134–5t, 205

financial institutions 93–4, 95, 96, 117sustainability reports (2009) 38

financial magazines 127financial services sector 119financial statements 27, 33, 40, 72, 91,

95, 97, 215Financial Times, The 76Finland 151t

Index 241

Finmeccanica 17, 84First Amendment (USA) 155 first- past- the- post 169–70fiscal compliance 215fiscal reform 192–3, 205flower box on window sill 35–6focus groups 26, 53 for- profit private sector 54, 183 for- profit sector 141, 200, 216q

see also non- profit sectorformal versus informal sector 187 Four- Hour Workweek (Ferriss, 2007)

82, 227France 17, 19–20, 25, 147, 151t, 219tfranchises 16fraud 81–2free markets 161free services 145free speech 155freedom of movement 201Freeman, E. 61, 227freeway companies:

irresponsibility 122–4French Revolution: Terreur phase 30Friedman, M. 55–6, 227future 118future generations 168–9, 221

G8 20Galbraith, J.K. 130, 227Galluccio, C. 80, 227gambling 83, 84Garland, J. 120–1gas 113–14t, 127, 133gasoline 57–8Gates, W.H. 13, 141General Motors (GM) 23general public 30, 53, 65, 170, 205

see also disclosuregenerally accepted accounting

procedures 214generic drugs 27–8gentil organisateur 20Germany 29–30, 147, 151–2t, 214,

219t, 220Germinario, C. 29Ghana 100tGhetti, M. xiii, 51, 227Giotto 34Glivec (drug) 27

Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management 211

global organizations 63Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

standards 3, 7, 13–14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 49, 77q, 88, 104–5t, 113t, 136–7t

Public Sector Supplement 160global visibility index 127globalization 19, 26‘glocal’ business 24Gödel’s theorem 223Good Enough Parent (Bettelheim,

1987) 43, 225good management 37–9, 41, 41–2f,

49, 223margin with ‘unlawfulness’ 33–4

goods and services 197, 201Google 69Google Earth 25governance 145government accounts 1government agencies 142Government Agency for Highways 56government bodies 117government budgets 59, 162government institutions 95, 207government officials 199, 205government sector 55, 62q, 147,

202, 204government services 140–1

supply and demand 156government subsidies 4, 17–18, 47, 50governments 5–6, 10, 28, 37, 46, 54,

58, 62, 71, 129, 132, 161, 174, 194–5, 196, 206, 211, 221, 223, 224

‘ non- profit organization’ 140Gramsci, A. 130, 228Great Depression (1929) 124Greece 29Grunig, J.E., 5, 86, 228‘guaranteeism’ 30Gulf of Mexico disaster (2010) 40–2, 92

Hamlet 5, 85Harvard Kennedy School of

Government 55health/healthcare 61, 185t, 209, 218q

242 Index

health and hygiene regulations 2–3health and security 107t, 110t, 111thealth services 145–6, 159–60, 181, 182Hell (Dante) 119Herzlinger, R. 174, 228heuristic knowledge 50highways 55–7, 184thistory 196Hobbes, T. 197Holcim (Italy) 24–5horizontal competition 8–9, 213, 222

social actor 9–10, 211host countries (oil sector) 34hot issues 99t, 112t, 134–5thotlines 66, 96housing 25, 75–6human capital 59human rights 104–5t, 113–14t, 142hybrid cars 57hydrogen fuel cell 19

‘i2010’ 175–7tidentity theft 81–2If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller (Calvino,

1979, trans. 1981) 130ignored stakeholder 59, 60, 61–2

competition 61–2IKEA 17Il Messaggero 25illegal immigration 74ILO Convention 104t‘image’ 217qimmigration 27, 199implementation xiii, 7, 50, 51, 71–7,

92, 94, 95–6, 131, 147, 161, 165, 172–4, 174f, 187, 199

banks 136–7tcase studies 74–6court rulings 156‘enemy is us’ 75–6, 231ENI 112–14tmeasures and indicators

‘keywords’ 96memory and time 73questionnaire 77from strategy to tactics 73–4Telecom Italia 102–7tVodafone 102–7t

implementation measurement indicators 102–3t

imports 8, 197income taxes 205India 27–8, 100t, 146individual irresponsibility 84individual responsibility 60, 79–80, 94,

121–2Indonesia 20industrial policy 157–8, 209industrial secrets 64–5industrialists’ associations 146–7industry 8, 184tinequality 190information and communication

technology (ICT) 81, 186t, 216disclosure 68–9indicators of growth 177tin schools 176t

information societyindicators 174, 175–7tplaces of access 176tSouthern Italy (2000–06) 172–8

information technology 153infrastructure 192, 195ING Group 93, 97t

disclosure 134timplementation 136t micro- ethics 136t, 138–9tUSDIME framework 134t, 136t,

138tINSERM 151t‘institutional bottom line’ 161institutional relations practices 85qinsurance companies 51, 78–9, 119,

158, 184tintangibles 35, 40, 49, 50, 65, 72–3,

86, 87, 89integrated reporting 88–90intellectual capital 73intellectual property rights 73 inter- disciplinary work and anti- politics

(from CSR to politics) 188–90‘internalities’ 35–6international aid

Sachs 144–5, 231International Business Machines (IBM)international comparison 54, 62q, 95,

109t, 156, 209international competition 13, 31, 117,

133, 192, 193, 197, 201see also competition

Index 243

‘international financial speculation’ 199

international relocation 8, 197international stakeholder clients

138–9tinternational standards 113tinternational trade 194Internet 14, 16, 18, 25, 44, 67, 81, 99t,

102t, 146, 155, 175–6tinterviews/interviewing 53, 73Intesa Sanpaolo 94

disclosure 134timplementation 136t micro- ethics 136t, 138–9tUSDIME framework 134t, 136t, 138t

investment 133investors 97IPIECA 113tIran 20Ireland 145‘Iron Man’ politicians 59Irons, J. 157‘irrelevant politics’ xiii, 117, 147,

168–78, 179, 189EU Structural Funds (case

study) 172–8irresponsibility (CSR doppelgänger)

46–7, 48, 134banks 124–6freeway companies 122–4

ISO 9000/ISO 14000 104tItalian Banking Association 125Italy 17, 19, 22–7, 56, 69, 83, 84, 93,

100t, 108–9t, 112t, 114–15t, 124, 132, 145, 147, 152t, 214, 216, 219t, 220, 231

i2010 indicators for information society 175–7t

national health service 160recession (1992–04) 21‘weaknesses of democratical political

culture’ (Ferrara, 1999) 195–6, 227

Italy: Minister for Economic Development 58

Italy: Social Policy Ministry 22Italy: Southern 4, 24, 172–8, 192

Jacobellis v. Ohio (1964) 96Japan 4, 78, 88, 145

Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) 142Jesus Christ 142John Paul II 142journalists 36, 183, 186t, 212judges 171

qualitative performance 156–7judicial delays 82judicial system 156–7‘judicialism’ 30judiciary 30, 74, 75, 83, 224

Kabbalah 132Kafka on Shore (Murakami) 78Kakabadse, A. 5, 228Karnani, A. 43, 228Kennedy, J.F. 60key performance indicators (KPIs) 64,

72, 102tKeynes, J.M. 131 Know- Nothing 188 Koln- Paris freeway 123Kramer, R. 44–8, 231Krkac, K. xiii, 47–8, 229Krzus, M.P. 33, 88, 227Kubrick, S. 46Kyoto agreement (1997) 128

L’Élégance du Hérisson (2008) 183La Repubblica 192labor

competitive divide 190, 191tless mobile than capital 191–2

labor market 55, 122language 153, 169Lapiccirella, A. xiii, 189, 229law 37–9, 41, 41–2f, 84, 157–8, 190

borderline observance 39law of Caesar’s wife 120law compliance 39–40, 41, 49,

79, 83law enforcement 212lawyers 186tLBG 108tleadership 73legislation 149Lehman Brothers

bankruptcy (2008) 32, 93–4, 95, 117, 134–5t

Leibenstein, H. 89–90, 181, 229Levi, C. 178

244 Index

liberalization 133Libya 113tlifestyle 206Linux 13, 14, 29, 179Lisbon policy (2009–) 174litigation 108tlittering 16Livy 121lobbying 79, 85q, 108t, 114–15t, 128,

138–9t, 147internal 87

local communities 205, 209local government 62q, 109t, 115t,

186t, 209London Metropolitan University 46–7Long Island Lighting Company

(Lilco, New York) 153Lourdes 45love 32, 33‘Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’

(Eliot) 85loyalty (to business) 2‘lying by default’ 47–8Lyon–Zagreb railway 131

MacIntosh 69macro ethics 83–4Madoff case (2008) 39magazines 127Major ( highway- managing

company 56malaria 28malnutrition 21‘management class’ 60, 62, 74management consultants 87managers 80Mannheimer, R. 125manufacturing 26, 119Manzoni, A. 126Marchionne, S. 22Marcuse, H. 84, 229market economy 220market forces 56, 159, 174, 187market implosion 75–6market mechanism:

surrogate 181market monitoring agency 76market quotas 138–9tmarket supervisors 94marketing 26

cause- related 33, 85q, 98, 108t, 114t, 136–7t

‘four Ps’ 15–16markets 221

domestic 207Marshall, A. 197, 198, 201, 229Marx, K.H. 201Marxism 121 Max- Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) 147–52McDonald’s 31, 38, 47, 95–6

CSR Report 2004 15–17external effects 15–17

McKay, L. 41–2McKinsey 125Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) 27–8Medellin cartel 56media 28, 44–5, 46, 71, 73, 93, 127

micro- ethics 81–2paternalism 129–31

Mediterranean countries 33memory 36, 58, 59, 73, 75, 76, 77q,

93, 104t, 113tMerchant of Venice (Shakespeare) 157–8‘merit’ versus ‘seniority’ 156meritocracy 5–6, 187, 194, 198, 200,

220, 225Merone and Ternate (towns) 25 micro- economics 45, 85, 86, 90, 198 micro- enterprise associations 211 micro- enterprises 9, 186t, 202–3,

203–4, 218q, 220 micro- ethics 7, 42, 50, 51, 76, 78–85,

92, 94, 96banks 136–9tcase studies 81–4ENI 114torganizational model 79–80questionnaire 85revealed 82–3Telecom Italia and Vodafone 108t

Microsoft 49, 141Microsoft Access 157Microsoft Citizenship Report 2004 13–15Microsoft Office 2007 69Microsoft Vista 69Microsoft ‘Windows 95’ 69Milan xiv, 44, 132, 212Milan–Venice highway 56militia 162Minister of Industry 158

Index 245

Minister of Justice 158Minister’s attack (initiative, 2008–) 205ministers 156Ministry of Health 158MIT Boston 113t, 187mobile telephones 106t, 109tmoney 132–3, 140 money- lending 34Monnalisa 25–7, 31monopolies 4, 5, 6, 9, 36, 40, 43,

44, 50, 54, 56, 62q, 71, 89, 109t, 115t, 117, 153, 179, 182, 190, 191f, 194, 195, 196, 202, 206, 209, 222

Alitalia 58–9competitive divide 202, 202f‘natural’ 133telephone companies 120–2

‘monopolist domestic credit card company’ 82

Monte dei Paschi di Siena 67Montepaschi 93, 94, 97t

disclosure 135timplementation 137t micro- ethics 137t, 139tUSDIME framework 135t, 137t, 139t

moral environment 221moral hazard 93moral values 43Morgenstern, O. 89–90, 229

‘thirteen critical points’ 180–1, 229Moro, G. 89, 229Mosby’s Memoirs (Bellow) 203–4motivation 133Mucchetti, M. 58muddling through 39–43, 221 multi- member constituencies 170multinational corporations 17municipalities 224Murakami Haruki 78Mussolini, B. 178Myanmar (Burma) 19–20

Name of Rose (Eco) 133Naples–Pompeii highway 56 nation- state 169

‘national states’ 195‘national emergency’ 74–5national income 8, 9, 196, 199national market 58

nationalism 58, 141‘negative testing’ 7neighborhood bullies xiii, 117,

119–39, 179neoclassical economics 90Netherlands 124–5, 151t, 153, 219tNew York Stock Exchange 17newspaper readers’ guarantor 130newspapers 58, 61, 81–2, 125, 189Nietzsche, F.W. 43Nigeria 20, 145Nike 27, 31, 37–8, 39–40, 51, 93

disclosure and diversity 20–2Niskanen, W.A. 74, 180–2, 189, 190,

192, 198, 229, 230remedies to illnesses of

bureaucracy 181–2Nissan 23‘no logo’ 158‘no such thing as free lunch’ 140, 145Nobel laureates 144nobility 126 non- government 190–2‘ non- market decision-making’

(Niskanen) 181–2, 230 non- profit associative private sector

54, 183 non- profit organizations xiii, 117,

140–52, 153, 174, 179, 216competitive divide 202fprivate 179

non- profit private sector 54, 183 non- profit sector 32, 51, 88, 98,

141, 180, 181, 186t, 200, 204, 216–17q

Northern Right 129Novartis 27–8, 31nuclear weapons 28, 35number of employees 211numbers 144Numbers (Biblical) 132Nuremberg trials 79, 121

obeying orders 79, 121obscenity 96OECD 33OHSAS 104toil 19–20, 34, 57, 92, 95, 96oligarchy 60Olivetti 21

246 Index

One- Dimensional Man (Marcuse, 1964) 84, 229

‘One Report’ (Eccles and Krzus, 2010) 215, 227

OPEN IPTV Forum 107tOracle 216organizational behavior 38f, 38–9, 47,

122categories 37

organizational culture 80organizational responsibility:

micro- ethics 79–80organizational sectors:

taxonomy 54organizational sociology 85, 86,

182organizational structures:

reverse engineering 163, 164torganized crime 84, 147, 163, 164torphanages 140ostrich ethics 83–4output 180–1outsourcing 20, 140–1Overseas Development Aid (ODA) 169ozone layer 127–8

Pacino, A. 157Pacioli, L. 15Pan Am 60parents 107t, 155, 201Paris 25, 68parliaments 59, 60, 74, 103t, 130,

169–70, 172party lists (electoral) 60, 170patents 27–8paternalism 223patronage 141, 223Peck G. 59peer review 143pensiero debole/weak thinking

(Vattimo) 43pension plans 192perfect competition 90performance indicators 62, 77q, 102t,

112t‘acceptable’ level 90

performance- related pay 205Peronism 158personal responsibility 44personal security 57

‘personal social responsibility’ 80, 84, 142

personnel costs 160, 162, 163, 164t, 171, 181

pharmaceutical companies 158‘Big Pharma’ 223

pharmacies 29, 158–9, 185tPhiladelphia 155philanthropy 85q, 98, 108t, 114t,

136–7t, 223‘altruism’ 140versus CSR 32–4, 141–4

‘philanthropy point’ 40, 41fPhilippines 20PIAP 176tpiecework 26Piore, M. 187, 230‘platform information programs’ 46Poland 124–5, 220police 2, 3, 56, 74–5, 82, 130, 171,

180personnel distribution 164t

police force accounts: reverse engineering (case study) 161–7

cross- facility benchmark (correctional police) 165–7

reverse engineering of organizational structures 163, 164t

synthesis of three force resources: three national police forces 162, 162f

zooming in on and benchmarking emergency calls 163

police forcescost per person 162fnational 162, 165

police patrols 165policy analysts xiii, 85, 86–90, 161policy evaluation 87political agenda for SMEs 194–222political arena 195

re- definition 6political class 179, 188political communication 66political institutions 168political parties 30, 170, 212, 214

closed- shop recruitment 59political systems 117, 153politicians 37, 74, 75, 76, 181, 186t,

189, 190, 212, 213

Index 247

politics 86, 117, 124, 153, 168–78, 188–90

value 171–2politique politicienne 171Popper, K. 47, 231Porter, M.E. 223Porter/Kramer model 44–8, 49–50,

210, 231positive reporting (anesthetic) 48, 49,

91, 100t, 112t post- indifference 189 post- war era (1945–) 50, 89, 181 post- Weberian approach 190postal service 133, 185tpostmodernism 43Poujadisme 188poverty 27, 144, 145, 192–3, 219,

222power [economic] 95power [political] 189, 195power companies 126–8, 153

see also energypower play 124power production and supply 119prefectures 130press 21, 50, 75, 86, 146press offices 213price comparison 62qprice system 128 price- cutting 8, 197, 213prices 18, 22, 28, 95, 125, 127,

138–9t, 140analogous services 109t, 115t

pricing 40electric power 65milk 158–9

primary elections 169–70primary sector 187Principles of Economics (Marshall)

198, 229prisons 56, 61, 74, 83, 141

officer–prisoner ratios 165, 166fprivacy 57, 130private non- profit sector 117private sector 6, 8, 54, 72, 88, 117,

171, 180, 182, 195, 200, 217q, 221salaries 196

privatization 133producers 8, 56–7, 196–7product quality 73

productivity 61, 133, 180–1, 190, 192, 203

professionals 203, 213, 223professions 199profit and loss statement 217qprofit margins 92, 95, 216qprofitability 2profits 4, 16, 20, 22, 28, 29, 34, 37, 48,

55–6, 57, 63q, 65, 129, 132, 188, 190, 191

illicit 84profits by country 110t, 115t, 138–9tprofits of non- profit 140–52prohibition 84proportional representation 170Protestant ethic (Weber) 145, 232 psycho- economics 132psychology 47public administration 5, 8, 117, 179,

194, 199–200, 202, 208, 209competitive divide 202fsee also bureaucracy

public administration: autarky xiii, 88, 147, 153–67, 181, 224

public expenditure 61public institutions 6, 7, 61, 195,

200, 207public interest 37, 39public non- profit sector 54, 182public opinion 17, 93, 160, 168public policy schools 87public relations (PR) 20, 23, 49, 53,

56, 86, 87, 125, 127–9, 211, 228

public sector 8, 9, 10, 51, 54, 62, 72, 88, 109t, 117, 129, 169, 171, 182, 200, 206, 211, 220, 221

bail- out of private firms (2009) 180salaries 196

public sector accounts 160–1public sector employment 188public service sector 128public social reports:

first task 161‘publics’ (of an organization) 53Puma 22Putnam, R. 198, 231

quality 182quality of goods and services 72

248 Index

questionnaires 91, 96, 110t, 112t, 134–5t, 212

disclosure 70implementation 77 micro- ethics 85SMEs 215–19unknown stakeholder 62–3

queuing theory 145–6

racism 154railways 119, 129–31, 131, 183, 185trational bureaucracy (Weber) 190rational choice 122raw materials 24, 25real estate 25, 75, 125real world 41reality 21, 30, 39, 40, 124, 125, 126,

131, 154, 168, 181, 195, 201, 203, 213

syncretistic approach 89‘very much Weberian’ 190

receivables (delays) 216qrecycling 25refugees 142regional electoral communication 66–7regulated for- profit private sector

54, 182regulated industries 5, 6, 117, 194,

195, 206regulated sectors 208regulation 41, 54, 81, 119regulations 41, 75, 76regulators 4Relative Citation Index 127Renault 19Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union

(1996) 155research and development 147

indicators of growth 177tresearch institutions 154

administrative staff 150, 151t, 152direct external co- workers 150fenlarged staffing plan 151t, 152external research staff typology 151tJCR publications (2001–02)

147, 148tmarket funding capacity (1999–2002)

147, 149tmean expected citation rate

(MECR) 151t

ordinary staffing plan 151t, 152publications (1996–99) 147, 149tresources (financial and human,

2001–02) 147, 148tstaff comparison 149–52structure of scientific network

(2001–02) 147, 148tresearch institutions: comparative

analysis (case study) 147–52‘respect for client privacy’ (Porter and

Kramer) 46responsibility 1–3, 194

‘depends on imagination’ (Murakami) 78

responsible business practice 14‘Responsive CSR’ 46retail sector 97t, 186t

‘shopkeepers’ 9, 211see also coffee shops

reverse engineeringorganizational structures 163, 164tpolice force accounts (case study)

161–7zooming in and benchmarking

emergency calls 163–5risk 7, 81, 123, 125road safety 23, 56, 67, 122–3

penalty- point system 122road tolls 56Roma Radio Stereo 44Roman Catholic Church 142

Vatican’s accountability 145–6Roman Law 153Romans (ancient) 121Rome 24, 58, 130, 132, 188Rome (ancient) 130Rome (province) 66–7‘Rome and Barbarians’ (2008) 75Royal Air Force 17Ruggie, J. 55, 231rules 197, 198, 200, 206, 221Russian Federation 20Rutelli, F. 58Ryanair 48

Sabel, C. 187, 230Sachs, J.D. 144–5, 231salaries 9, 55, 58, 59, 68, 119, 129,

132, 155, 160, 162, 190, 191t, 191f, 205

Index 249

private sector 196public sector versus private

sector 181public sector workers 196

sales people 68, 81Samnites 121Sanofi Aventis (SA) 28–9Sans logis (magazine) 27SAP 216Sarbanes–Oxley Act (USA, 2002) 40,

102t‘satisfycing’ (Simon) 89–90, 181Saudi Arabia 29savers 75, 76, 125, 126savings products 40Scalfari, E. 192–3‘scarce accountability’ 169schools 176t, 180, 181, 192Schumacher, E. 204scientific approach 97scientific research 28, 143‘scorekeeper’ (Porter/Kramer) 47secondary sector 187secrecy 160 self- criticism 65‘self-discipline’ versus ‘discipline’ 199 self- employment 180, 203, 211 self- interest 6, 9, 83, 195, 196, 202,

220, 221service quality 62q, 110t, 115t, 130–1,

138–9tservice stations 114t

owner- operators 57–8services 180

prevalence of competition 184–6t‘shadow value’ 172Shakespeare, W. 5, 120, 157–8shared value 45, 46, 48, 49–50, 98shareholder value 4shareholders 39, 58Sharing Our Energies (Total 2002 CSR

report) 19–20 short- termism 81, 131, 187Shylock 157–8Siemens, ethics governance 29–30Simon, H. 89–90, 181, 231 single- member district system

(electoral) 169–70slavery 21slogans 60, 67, 128, 129

Sloviter, D.K. 155slush funds 29Small is Beautiful (Schumacher,

1973) 204Small Business Act (European

Commission, 2008) 206, 227small and medium- sized enterprises

(SMEs) 1, 6, 9, 29, 95, 183, 188agenda 208–10collective actors 206–10competitive divide 201, 202fCSR framework 214–19development of CSR concept 213 full- field economic and social

stakeholders 206–10next steps 222political agenda 118, 194–222questionnaire 215–19size (by number of employees) 203social responsibility 10social value of competition 206–10status in political arena 205–6‘why bother?’ revised 206

SME associations 9–10, 208–9, 211–13, 214, 220

legitimacy as key actor in political arena 10

SME business leaders 213SME research and action project

211–14preliminary findings 213–14

smell 16, 47Smith, A. 187–8Smith, V.L. 75–6, 231Snam Rete Gas 97tSocial Accountability 8000

(SA8000) 104tsocial book- keeping 15social capital 87, 209social class 202social Darwinism 197‘social issue’ (Porter and Kramer) 45–6social malaise 188social memory 47social norms 198social pressures 38social responsibility 37‘social shock absorber’ 205, 215social utility of work 187, 201, 221socialism 56

250 Index

society 4, 8, 30, 33, 72, 118, 132, 172, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197–201, 206, 217q

competitive divide ‘pivotal’ 207–8‘like human body’ (Agrippa) 198prevalence of competition (case

study) 183–8 socio- economics 132 socio- politics 145sociologists 190software 14Somewhere over Rainbow (Garland)

120–1South America 33Soviet Union 65, 142Spain 147, 152t, 219t, 220spin doctors 60St Paul 32, 33

‘stable work’ 188staff comparison:

research institutions 149–52stakeholder approach (Freeman)

61, 227stakeholder clients 138–9tstakeholder engagement 65stakeholder theory 52–3stakeholders 5–10, 17, 27, 39, 86, 222

‘cost of non-government’ 190–2external 109t, 110t

Stalin’s barber syndrome xiii, 39, 74, 80, 87, 187–8, 226

state, the 83, 109t, 115t, 130‘Statement of Intangibles’ (Brembo) 65statistics 74, 86, 156‘steady state’ 188, 222Stein, G. 154, 231‘stewardship for unknown stakeholder’

(D’Anselmi) 53, 55Stewart, P. 96stock exchanges 117

bubbles and busts 89stockholders 53, 223Stockholm 23Stockholm Accords (2010) 211Stockholm Syndrome 123‘Strategic CSR’ 46strategic management 89, 98strategic philanthropy 98‘Strategy and Society’ (Porter and

Kramer, 2006) 44, 45–6, 210, 231

strategy versus tactics 73–4strikes 58structured self interest 6, 195 sub- contractors 105tsubsidies 84, 212, 224suburban areas 66subway system 44–5, 46, 48summary accounts 72supplier information 93suppliers 3, 20–1, 25–7, 31, 37–8,

39–40, 48, 51, 53, 73, 77q, 95, 100t, 102–7t, 112–14t, 121, 136–7t, 199, 200, 204, 207

social responsibility 46time taken to receive payment 215

supply and demand 24, 84milk 159

supra- national bodies 168–9sustainability 73, 77q, 89, 92, 108t,

114t, 129, 136–7tglobal professional support 211–14

sustainability reports 1–5, 14, 25–6, 36, 38, 46, 62, 63, 75, 85, 91, 131

SUVs 57Sweden 151–2t, 153Switzerland 146SWOT analysis 49, 70q, 86, 100t, 112tSyria 20

tax evasion 18, 82, 204, 205, 207taxation 1, 3, 33, 57, 75–6, 89, 102t,

114t, 143, 146, 154, 155, 161, 205, 209

taxpayers 47, 54, 145teacher–pupil ratio 171technicalities 72Telecom Italia 97t

disclosure 99–102t‘Italtel’ 29 micro- ethics 108tsustainability report (2008) 99–111tunknown stakeholder 109–11t

telecommunications sector 97tTelepass ( pass- card toll booth

system) 56telephone companies 84, 120–2telephones 119television 60, 81, 83, 127, 159

digital 175tprevalence of competition 184t

Index 251

Tencati, A. 89, 231tenders 172–3

distribution over time 173, 174freadability 173f

Tennessee Valley Authority 124Thales 17theft 30, 39, 41, 75, 82think negative xiii, 44–8, 49, 153‘Think Small First’ philosophy 206‘Thirteen Critical Points’

(Morgenstern) 90, 229Tibullus, A. 17, 18–19, 84time 73, 88, 95, 108t, 145–6, 161, 215top management 14, 23, 30, 64, 71,

79, 87Total 19–20, 34, 40, 92

size 19work safety data 48

Toyota 92, 95, 97tTracy, S. 59trade unions 29, 53, 59, 67, 93, 121,

140, 183, 186t, 212, 222, 224traffic congestion 23, 123–4training 220transparency 18, 19, 20, 65, 97, 110t,

125, 126, 129, 141, 144, 187, 200, 201, 207, 215

transport 45–6, 119, 132, 133see also highway system

Trieste 212, 213triple bottom line 13, 19, 22, 211trust 73, 201trustworthiness 121truth 34–6Tullock, G. 190, 231Tunisia 113tTurin: Winter Olympics (2006) 57TWA 60

UBI Bankdisclosure 135timplementation 137t micro- ethics 137t 139tUSDIME framework 135t, 137t,

139tUMTS 67Umw 220uncertainty 81unemployment 67, 199, 203

‘lay-offs’ 119

Unicredit 93–4, 95, 96, 97tdisclosure 135timplementation 137t micro- ethics 137t, 139tUSDIME framework 135t, 137t, 139t

Unicredit Xelion Bank/JP Morgan 67Union Carbide 15United Kingdom 17–18, 40, 151t,

169–70, 219tspending review (2006) 171

United Nations Global Compact 7, 104t, 221

United States 57, 75–6, 142ODA 169US Bankruptcy Code 32US Congress 41–2US Supreme Court 96, 155

universality 154universities 151–2t, 155University of London 149t‘unknown stakeholder’ (D’Anselmi) 41,

50, 75, 77q, 92, 93, 95, 202banks 138–9tcase studies in capsule form 55–60ENI 114–15tquestionnaire 62–3‘silent critic inside us’ 86Telecom Italia versus Vodafone

109–11tvalue 61–2

UPnP Forum 107tupstream activities 77q, 105–6t, 113t,

13–7tUSDIME framework xiii, 48, 49–51, 62,

63, 72, 86–7, 88–90, 117, 141, 147, 215, 220

banks 119, 134–9USDIME framework: application 91–115

ENI 112–15tfinding what was expected by

corporation 91–4finding what was expected by

values 94–6Telecom Italia 99–111tVodafone 99–111t

utilities 117, 119, 185tutility theory 47

value chain 46, 86 value- added 27, 43, 47, 187

252 Index

values 5–10Values and Stakeholders in an Era of Social

Responsibilitybook goals 6, 194next steps 222

values position 220–2VAT codes 202Vatican City: Sistine Chapel 146Vattimo, G. 43Vaute, M. 75Veblen, T. 159, 232Venice 56, 75, 157–8Venn diagram 38f, 39, 40vertical industries 194Vicenza 212, 213virtual competition 9Vivendi 17Vodafone

CSR report (2007–08) 99–111tdisclosure 99–102tlogo 35 micro- ethics 108tunknown stakeholder 109–11t

Vodafone People Survey 111tVolkswagen 23Von Mises, L. 188, 232Von Pierer, H. 29

wages 138–9t, 187WalMart 92–3, 97twaste 16, 24, 31, 62q, 67, 110t,

115t, 128water 119, 128–9Watership Down (Adams) 80‘weak thinking’ (Vattimo) 43weapons 17–19, 47, 83–4Weber, M. 145, 182, 190, 232Weber, S. 46–7, 232Weberian bureaucracy 122websites xiii, 103t, 105t, 142, 212

welfare capitalism 33, 85q, 108t, 114t, 136–7t

whistle- blowers 224 white- collar crime 75wholesalers 29WiMax technology 67Windows 179women 138–9tWordStar 69work domain 179–82work evasion 196, 208

exists 179–80‘generated by absence of

competition’ 207‘large proportions of economy and

workforce’ 179, 182–3pandemic 182–3

work in progress (WIP) 215workers 5, 76, 119, 183, 206, 221,

222prevalence of competition 184–6t

workforce 57, 200partitioned 201–3

working conditions 70q, 73, 100t, 112t, 211, 221

working hours 203World Bank 222World Economic Forum 222World Intellectual Capital Initiative

(WICI) 88, 89World Trade Organization (WTO)

27, 28World War II 35

X- efficiency (Leibenstein) 40, 89–90, 181, 229

Yalta Conference (1945) 124–5Yates, W. 78Young, S. 43, 232