bilateral trade declines slightly in 2012 -...

Annual Review 2013

37

Indo-German Trade

Bilateral trade declines slightly in 2012

The ¤20 billion target set by German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel and Indian

Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh for 2012 was denied with bilateral trade

declining 4.2% to ¤17.6 billion during the year 2012 from a figure of nearly ¤18.4

in 2011. Indian imports from Germany suffered a setback of 4.5% amounting

to ¤10.4 billion, while Indian exports to the country declined 3.8% to reach a

volume of ¤7.2 billion.

Machinery, Electro-technology and Metal products major items of importImports of all three top items, which take up over 57% of total imports from

Germany, experienced a setback in 2012. Indian imports of Machinery from

Germany declined by about 10% during 2012. However, it still remains the most

important item of import with a share of 34.9% of total imports amounting to

over ¤3.6 billion during the last year. 21% less electro-technological products

(¤1.19 billion), which account for 11.5% of total imports, were imported into the

subcontinent from Germany in 2012, while Metal and metal products experienced

a decline of 3.3% amounting to ¤1.14 billion, while taking up a share of nearly

11% in the import basket.

On the other hand, with over ¤1.07 billion, Chemical products, which constitute

the 4th most important category in the imports’ list, grew 7.7% while accounting for

a share of 10.3%. With imports of Optical and photographic equipment growing

Indo-German Trade (in ¤1,000)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % change

Indian imports 4,193,701 6,364,955 7,354,045 8,154,683 7,997,318 9,253,494 10,871,348 10,383,851 -4.5

Indian exports 3,407,482 4,175,015 4,721,687 5,252,505 5,104,950 6,193,198 7,504,917 7,219,058 -3.8

Trade volume 7,601,183 10,539,970 12,075,732 13,407,218 13,102,268 15,446,692 18,376,265 17,602,909 -4.2

Indo-German Trade since 2000 (in ¤1,000)

Year Indian imports

% change

Indian exports

% change

Trade volume

% change

2000 2,084 12.8 2,464 15.7 4,548 14.2

2001 2,307 10.7 2,524 2.4 4,831 6.2

2002 2,422 5.0 2,543 0.8 4,965 2.8

2003 2,443 0.9 2,637 3.7 5,080 2.3

2004 3,289 34.6 2,957 12.2 6,246 22.9

2005 4,202 27.7 3,396 14.8 7,598 21.6

2006 6,365 51.8 4,175 22.5 10,540 38.7

2007 7,354 15.5 4,722 13.1 12,076 14.6

2008 8,155 10.9 5,253 11.2 13,408 11.0

2009 7,997 -1.9 5,105 -2.8 13,102 -2.3

2010 9,254 15.7 6,193 21.3 15,447 17.9

2011 10,871 17.5 7,505 21.2 18,376 19.0

2012 10,384 -4.5 7,219 -3.8 17,603 -4.2

Indian imports from Germany (in ¤1,000)

Category 2010 2011 % change

2012 % change

% share

Machinery*, apparatus, gadgets, medical eqpmt etc. incl. complete plants

3,895,424 4,025,590 3.34 3,623,396 -10.0 34.89

Electro-technology 1,093,396 1,508,460 38.0 1,190,973 -21.0 11.47

Metal & Metal products (excl. ore)

1,015,077 1,180,978 16.3 1,141,909 -3.3 10.99

Chemical products incl. petrochemicals, fertilizers & cosmetics

813,482 996,890 22.5 1,073,868 7.7 10.34

Optical and photographic equipment

52,893 787,681 1389 808,580 2.7 7.79

Automobiles and ancillaries 614,359 599,399 -2.4 495,400 -17.4 4.77

Plastics 445,227 440,168 -1.1 477,742 8.5 4.60

Aircraft & aerospace equipment

283,588 314,109 10.8 457,415 45.6 4.40

Paper, cardboard, printing material

147,059 176,195 19.8 194,158 10.2 1.87

Pharmaceuticals 238,984 120,618 -49.5 163,871 35.9 1.58

Textiles & garments incl. wool, fur & yarns

97,712 114,987 6,193 21.3 15,447 17.9

Rubber products 83,788 102,322 1.1 1.13 18,376 19.0

Furniture incl. lighting fixtures

43,421 87,860 102.3 84,507 -3.8 0.82

Glass & ceramic products 65,667 86,386 31.6 79,197 -8.3 0.76

Wood, cork (without furniture)

23,260 60,232 159 50,171 -16.7 0.48

Gems & Jewellery, precious metals & stones

13,639 32,605 139.0 35,869 10.0 0.35

Track vehicles 32,468 24,708 -23.9 33,460 35.4 0.33

Food, Beverages & Tobacco 18,270 36,536 100.0 30,065 -17.7 0.29

Stone, Stone products, Cement

5,996 21,057 251.2 22,582 7.2 0.22

Leather and shoes 12,031 12,703 5.6 13,941 9.7 0.13

Boats/Water transport 533 12,459 2237.5 391 -96.9 0.00

Others 257,220 129,405 -42.4 177,086 36.8 1.71

Total imports 9,253,494 10,871,348 17.5 10,383,851 -4.5 100.0

* Machinery includes Measurement & control equipment and Medical technology which were given separately in the previous years’ data

Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden



Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

(Table 6)

Annual Review 2013

39

Indo-German Trade

by 2.7% (¤808.6 mil.), it was 5th in the imports list and took up a share of 7.8%.

Imports of Automobiles and ancillaries which already experienced a decline in

2011, dropped further in 2012 by over 17% to reach a figure of about ¤495 million.

Among the products which saw healthy rises in imports in 2012 (albeit at a lower

level) were Aircraft & aerospace equipment (+45.6%) and Pharmaceuticals

(+35.9%). Imports of Plastics too grew 8.5% in 2012, while Paper and printing

products grew 10.2%.

The top 5 categories accounted for nearly 75.5% share of total imports from

Germany and the top three 57.4%.

Textiles, Chemicals and Electro-technology - export winners for IndiaIn 2012, Indian exports of Textiles to Germany in 2011 fell around 30% over the

previous year to over ¤1.45 billion. The segment’s share in the total export basket

also declined from 28% (in 2011) to just over 20% last year. The next most im-

portant item of exports - Chemicals, grew a moderate 8.6% to reach a figure

of ¤991 million, while increasing its share from 12% in 2011 to 13.7% in 2012.

Electro-technological products, which were the third-most important item of

exports, declined by around 17% accounting for a value of over ¤700 million

with a share of 9.7% (11.3% share in 2011).

Exports of Metal and metal products – the 4th most important item of export

- posted a negative growth of 11.8% (¤660 million), while accounting for a share

of 9.2%. Exports of Food & beverages increased slightly (+1.2%) to reach a figure

of ¤636.7 million, while taking up a share of 8.8% in total exports. Exports of

Leather and shoes dipped 11.7% amounting to nearly ¤603 million, taking up a

share of 8.4%. After growing substantially in 2011(nearly 52%), Indian exports

of Machinery, gadgets and equipment to Germany in 2012 grew only 0.9%

while taking up a share of 7.6%. Exports of Optical and photographic equipment

showed healthy growth of 27.6% to reach a figure of more than ¤123 million.

The top five items accounted for a share of nearly 61.5% of total Indian exports

to Germany, while the top three took up a share of over 43.5%.

Partners in Trade

India and GermanyAmong the 234 countries and regions that Germany trades with, India was the

25th most important sourcing country for Germany in the year 2012, thereby

improving its position of 2011 by one rank. With respect to its position as a

destination country for German exports in 2012, India’s position went down a

notch from 21 to 22.

The percentage of Germany’s trade with India in its total trade worldwide how-

ever still remains below 1% (an abysmal 0.86%) pointing to a tremendous, yet

untapped potential in the trade between the two countries.

Indian exports to Germany (in ¤1,000)

Category 2010 2011 % change

2012 % change

% share

Textiles & garments incl. wool, fur & yarn

1,499,449 2,081,232 38.8 1,453,254 -30.2 20.1

Chemicals 572,719 913,236 59.5 991,378 8.6 13.7

Electro-technology 759,480 844,932 11.3 700,179 -17.1 9.7

Metal & metal products (excl. ore)

534,695 747,992 39.9 659,910 -11.8 9.2

Food, beverages & tobacco 484,994 629,147 29.7 636,721 1.2 8.8

Leather & shoes 541,332 682,633 26.1 602,844 -11.7 8.4

Machinery, apparatus, gad-gets, med. equipment etc.

361,946 548,928 51.7 553,847 0.9 7.6

Automobiles and ancillaries 327,485 333,234 1.8 312,805 -6.1 4.3

Pharmaceuticals 377,751 260,952 -30.9 264,537 1.4 3.7

Rubber products 97,588 134,207 37.5 138,628 3.3 1.9

Optical and photographic equipment

24,640 96,709 292.5 123,419 27.6 1.7

Plastics 77,007 121,755 58.1 106,913 -12.2 1.5

Gems & jewellery, precious metals & stones

83,255 102,480 23.1 104,264 1.7 1.4

Furniture incl. lighting fixtures

48,964 85,830 75.3 101,120 17.8 1.4

Stone, stone products, cement

68,203 66,002 -3.2 71,485 8.3 1.0

Glass & ceramic products 28,772 28,552 -0.8 34,980 22.5 0.6

Aircraft & aerospace equipment

17,843 10,027 -43.8 16,308 62.6 0.3

Paper, cardboard & printing material

11,240 10,109 -10.1 10,558 4.4 0.1

Wood (without furniture) 7,119 8,341 17.2 9,950 19.3 0.1

Others 268,716 136,268 -49.3 325,958 139.2 4.5

Total 6,193,198 7,504,917 21.2 7,219,058 -3.8 100

* Machinery includes Measurement & Control Equipment and Medical Technology which were given separately in the previous years’ data

The Top Ten Trading Partners

Germany’s top ten trading partners worldwideNetherlands remains the main supplier country for Germany. The country ac-

counted for 9.5% of Germany’s total imports of ¤909,092 million from countries

worldwide, thereby increasing its share of 9.1% in 2011. China was the second-

most important exporter to Germany. However, its share in total German imports

dropped from 8.8% in 2011 to 8.5% in 2012. Following this were France (7.1%),

USA(5.5%) and Italy (5.4%) in the 3rd, 4th and 5th positions respectively. Overall

the top ten exporters to Germany in 2012 as well as their ranking remained the

same as in the previous year. These top 10 accounted for 58% of total imports

into Germany.


Table 7

(Table 7)

(Table 8)

Annual Review 2013

41

Indo-German Trade

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

France was the undisputed top importer of German goods in 2012. Of the total

volume of goods exported from Germany worldwide, which was to the tune of

¤1,097,346 million, France accounted for a 9.5% share. Second in place was

the USA with a share of 7.9%, followed by UK in the third place with 6.6%.

Netherlands (6.5%) and China (6.1%) were the 4th and 5th biggest importers for

Germany in 2012. Last year, UK moved up a notch from the 4th place in 2011

displacing Netherlands. Austria too moved up to 6th place last year from 7th in

the previous year, pushing Italy down to the 7th position. The composition of the

top ten buyers for Germany remained the same in 2012, accounting for 59.3%

of total goods exported from Germany worldwide.

In 2012, Germany’s foreign trade was to the tune of ¤2,006,438 million and the

top ten trading partners were France, Netherlands, China, USA, UK, Italy, Austria,

Switzerland, Belgium and Russia.

Top Ten Trading Partners for India worldwideAs per the available statistics by the Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, India

imported maximum amount of goods from China, which accounted for 11% of

the entire Indian imports worth Rs.26,756 billion during the last fiscal (Apr.’12 –

Mar.’13). Switzerland was the second place accounting for 6.1% of India’s total

imports, followed by USA with 5%. In the 4th and 5th place were Indonesia (3%)

and Germany (2.9%). Indonesia moved up from the 6th place in 2011 to the 4th

last year, displacing Germany to a lower position of no.5. Australia, which ranked

5th in previous FY, dropped to 8th position during the last fiscal, while account-

ing for 2.4% of India’s imports (3.1% in 2011). Hong Kong was no longer in the

top ten in the year Apr.’12- Mar.‘13 unlike in previous year where it was at no.9.

Instead, Malaysia which was missing in the 2011-2012 list is now ranked no.9

with a share of 2.1%. Japan moved up a notch with a share of 2.5%, while Bel-

gium remained at position no.10 indicating no change from the previous year.

The top ten non-POL (Petroleum, oil & lubricants) countries accounted for nearly

40% of India’s total imports in the year from 2012-2013.

USA was the top buyer of Indian goods in the last financial year (Apr.’12-Mar.’13)

taking up about 12% of Indian total exports worldwide worth Rs.16,336 billion.

At no.2 was Singapore (4.5%) followed by China accounting for slightly less than

4.5% of total exports. Hong Kong and Netherlands ranked 4th and 5th with a share

of 4.1% and 3.5% respectively. Germany retained its 7th rank while accounting

for 2.4% of total Indian exports. Japan (2%), which was at position 9 moved up

a notch to make place for a new entrant to the list of top ten destinations for

Indian goods – Brazil with a 2% share. Belgium was like in the previous year

at no.10. The top ten non-POL (Petroleum, oil & lubricants) countries absorbed

nearly 40% of India’s total exports in the year 2012-13.

Top ten trading partners for Germany worldwide

Ranking Main exporters to Germany

Jan-Dec 2012

% share Ranking Main importers from GermanyJan-Dec 2012

% share

1 Netherlands 9.5 1 France 9.5

2 China 8.5 2 USA 7.9

3 France 7.1 3 UK 6.6

4 USA 5.5 4 Netherlands 6.5

5 Italy 5.4 5 China 6.1

6 UK 4.8 6 Austria 5.2

7 Russia 4.7 7 Italy 5.1

8 Belgium 4.2 8 Switzerland 4.4

9 Switzerland 4.1 9 Belgium 4.0

10 Austria 4.0 10 Poland 3.8

25 India 0.8 22 India 0.9

France

Netherlands

China

USA

UK

Italy

Austria

Switzerland

Belgium

Russia

169,007

157,372

144,314

137,427

116,578

104,705

94,522

86,512

82,647

80,533

Germany’s main trading partners worldwide in 2012Total: ¤2,006,438 million

(¤million)

Top ten trading partners for India worldwide

Ranking Main exporters* to India

April’12-Mar.’13

% share Main importers* from India

April’12-Mar.’13

% share

1. China 11.0 USA 12.0

2. Switzerland 6.1 Singapore 4.5

3. USA 5.0 China 4.5

4. Indonesia 3.0 Hong Kong 4.1

5. Germany 2.9 Netherlands 3.5

6. South Korea 2.7 UK 2.9

7. Japan 2.5 Germany 2.4

8. Australia 2.4 Japan 2.0

9. Malaysia 2.1 Brazil 2.0

10. Belgium 2.0 Belgium 1.8

*Non-POL, Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India



Table 8

Table 9

(Table 9)

Annual Review 2013

43

Indo-German Trade

In the last financial year 2012-13, India’s foreign trade was to the tune of

Rs.43,092 billion and the top ten trading partners were China, USA, Switzerland,

Germany, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Belgium and UK.

Trade with the EU countries

Germany’s trade with the EUThe Netherlands was Germany’s biggest supplier among the 27 EU countries

which consists of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Spain, Sweden and the UK. The country accounted for a substantial 17% of the

¤509,212 billion worth of goods that Germany imported from the EU in 2012.

France was the next most important exporter to Germany (12.7%), followed by

Italy (9.6%). In the 4th and 5th place were UK (8.6%) and Belgium (7.5%). The

top ten EU exporters to Germany remained the same as in the previous year

and accounted for nearly 84% of Germany’s entire imports from the 27 nations.

Among the destination countries for German exports, France was on top of the

list with 16.7% share of ¤1,097,346 billion that Germany dispatched to the EU

in 2012. UK and the Netherlands followed in 2nd and 3rd place with a share of

11.7% and 11.3% respectively. Austria (9.2%) and Italy (8.9%) were the 4th and 5th

most important buyers of German goods in the EU. The top ten importers within

the EU for Germany absorbed 85% of total exports of Germany to the region.

The top trading partners for Germany within the EU were France, Netherlands,

UK, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain and Sweden. These coun-

tries together accounted for over 84% of Germany’s total trade within the EU.

India’s trade with the EUGermany was the top supplier for India among the EU countries during the last

fiscal (Apr.’12-Mar.’13), while accounting for a share of 27.4% of Rs.2,855 bil-

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

India’s main trading partners worldwide in 2012-2013Total: ` 43,092 billion

China

USA

Switzerland

Germany

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

South Korea

Belgium

UK

3,690

3,293

1,684

1,176

1,109

1,094

1,013

962

847

826

(` billion)

Germany’s trade with the EU – Top Ten (Jan-Dec. 2012)

Ranking Germany imports from

% share in total imports from the EU

Germany exports to

% share in total exports

to the EU

1. Netherlands 17.0 France 16.7

2. France 12.7 UK 11.7

3. Italy 9.6 Netherlands 11.3

4. UK 8.6 Austria 9.2

5. Belgium 7.5 Italy 8.9

6. Austria 7.3 Belgium 7.1

7. Poland 6.6 Poland 6.7

8. Czech Republic 6.5 Czech Republic 5.0

9. Spain 4.5 Spain 5.0

10. Hungary 3.7 Sweden 3.4

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

Germany’s main trading partners within the EU in 2012 Total: ¤1,134,832 million

France 169,007

157,372

116,578

104,705

94,522

82,647

64,600

55,050

35,079

(¤million)

Netherlands

UK

Italy

Austria

Belgium

Poland

Czech Rep.

Spain

Sweden

75,695

Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India



India’s trade with the EU – Top Ten (Apr.’12-Mar.’13)

Ranking Indian imports from

% share in total imports from the EU

Indian exports to

% share in total exports

to the EU

1. Germany 27.4 Netherlands 20.9

2. Belgium 19.2 UK 17.1

3. UK 12.5 Germany 14.4

4. Italy 9.5 Belgium 10.9

5. France 7.7 France 9.9

6. Netherlands 4.7 Italy 8.7

7. Spain 3.5 Spain 5.7

8. Sweden 3.4 Poland 1.6

9. Finland 2.0 Denmark 1.4

10. Austria 1.9 Sweden 1.3


Table 10

(Table 10)

Table 11

(Table 11)

Annual Review 2013

45

Indo-German Trade

lion (total Indian imports from the EU). Next to follow were Belgium (19.2%),

UK (12.5%), Italy(9.5%) and France (7.7%). Finland with 2% share (3.6% in the

previous fiscal) dropped from position no.7 to no.9. Spain (3.5%) too moved up

two notches from the previous year’s 9th to last year’s 7th rank. Otherwise, the

composition of the top ten remained the same as in the previous year. The top

ten accounted for nearly 92% of India’s total imports from the nations of the EU.

Netherlands, with a share of nearly 21% of India’s exports to the EU, was the

most important destination for Indian goods. India’s total imports from this re-

gion was to the tune of Rs.2,741 billion during the fiscal from Apr.’12-Mar.’13.

UK (17.1%) and Germany (14.4%), Belgium (10.9%) were in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th

place respectively. France moved up one place to 5th position with a share of

(9.9%), while Italy(8.7%) shifted one rung lower to no.6. Malta and Greece that

were in the previous year’s 8th and 9th position no longer featured in the top ten

and were replaced by Poland (1.6%) and Denmark (1.4%) during the last fiscal.

Sweden (1.3%) remained at the 10th position. Once again, the top ten buyers

accounted for nearly 92% of India’s total exports to all the countries of the EU.

The top trading partners for India in the EU during the last Indian financial year

were: Germany, Belgium, UK, Netherlands, Italy, France, Spain, Sweden, Poland and

Denmark. About 92% of India’s total trade with the EU was taken up the top ten.

Trade with the Asia-Pacific countries

Germany’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countriesAfter growing at the rate of more than 9% in 2011, Germany’s volume of trade

with the 27 Asia-Pacific countries listed by the German Asia-Pacific Business

Association (OAV) in 2012 grew just 1.6%. While German imports from these

countries dropped 2.5% last year over 2011, exports to the region increased 6.1%.

Predictably China was the biggest sourcing country for Germany accounting for

46.6% of Germany’s imports from the 27 Asian countries. Next and way behind

was Japan with 13.9% followed by South Korea with 5.3%. India as in the previous

year was at 4th position and accounted for 4.6% of all German imports from this

region. The composition of the top 10 suppliers to Germany remains the same as in

2011. However, Vietnam’s growth from 10th position to 7th in 2012, while increasing

its exports to Germany by 28.2% is noteworthy.

Germany also exported maximum to China among the Asian countries which

took up 43.5% of the country’s export to the region. Japan and South Korea

were the next most important destinations for Germany accounting for 11.2%

and 8.7% respectively. India was also the 4th most important buyer for Germany

in this region with a share of 6.8%.

Germany’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countries1): Top Ten (in ¤ mil.)

Country German Imports (Jan.-Dec.)

% change Country German Exports (Jan.-Dec.)

% change

2012 2011 2012 2011

1. China 73,313 79,168 -2.3 China 66,629 64,762 2.9

2. Japan 21,832 23,545 -7.3 Japan 17,101 15,118 13.1

3. South Korea 8,356 9,534 -12.4 South Korea 13,373 11,665 14.6

4. India 7,219* 7,503 -3.8 India 10,384 10,871 -4.5

5. Taiwan 6,546 6,753 -3.1 Australia 9,334 8,291 12.6

6. Malaysia 5,436 6,084 -10.7 Singapore 6,527 6,443 1.3

7. Vietnam 5,109 3,984 28.2 Hong Kong 5,933 5,893 0.7

8. Singapore 5,096 4,687 8.7 Taiwan 5,780 6,260 -7.7

9. Thailand 4,140 4,051 2.2 Malaysia 4,948 4,341 14.0

10 Indonesia 3,926 4,197 -6.5 Thailand 4,195 3,217 30.4

Total ASEAN 26,771 25,652 4.4 Total ASEAN 22,580 19,602 15.2

Total Asia-Pac. 157,368 161,476 -2.5 Total Asia-Pac. 153,101 144,268 6.1

Total Germany 909,112 901,907 0.8 Total Germany 1,097,349 1,060,036 3.5

1) The 27 countries covered under Asia-Pacific region by the OAV include Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mon-golia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. * Source: Fed.Stat.Office, Wiesbaden

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

(`billion)

India’s main trading partners within the EU in 2012-2013

Total: `5,596 billion

Germany

847Belgium

UK

Netherlands

Italy

France

Spain

Sweden

Poland

Denmark

1,176

826

708

509

491

255

133

92

68


Source: OAV - German Asia-Pacific Business Association

Table 12

(Table 12)

Annual Review 2013

47

Indo-German Trade

The top ten destinations for German exports also remain the same in 2012 as in

the previous year. Germany increased its exports to Thailand by over 30% which

is the maximum growth among the top ten importers.

The top ten trading partners for Germany in the Asia-Pacific region are: China, Japan,

South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

India’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countriesA massive 36% of Indian goods imported from the Asia-Pacific region came from

China during the year Apr.’12-Feb’13 which made it the largest supplier for India.

Next in the ranking and with a substantial gap, was Indonesia (9.8% share) fol-

lowed by South Korea with a 8.9% share. Japan and Australia were the 4th and

4th largest exporters to India with a share of 8.3% and 8.0% of the total Indian

imports from the region. Indonesia moved up a notch from the 3rd place in the

previous fiscal to the 2nd in the last FY. Australia on the other hand came down

from position no.2 (Apr.’11-Mar.’12) to no.5 (Apr.’12-Mar.’13) with its share of

exports to India declining from 9.4% to 8%. The countries of the top ten in the list

of top supplier countries to India, which account for nearly 95% of Indian goods

imported from the Asia-Pacific region, remained the same as in the previous year.

Singapore with a share of 15.6% was the main destination for Indian exports

among the countries of the Asia-Pacific region during Apr.’12-Feb’13. China

with 15.4% was a close second, followed by Hong Kong (14.1%), Japan (7.0%)

and Indonesia (6.1%). India exported more to Bangladesh (5.9%) with the result

that it moved up from 9th to 6th position during the last fiscal. Sri Lanka on the

other hand which was ranked 6th in the previous year, was at no.9 during the

last financial year even though its share in total Indian exports to the Asia-Pac

remained at 4.6%. The composition of the top ten buyers in Asia for India re-

mained the same as in the previous year and together they accounted for nearly

83% of India’s exports to the region.

The top ten trading partners for India among the countries of the Asia-Pacific

region in the year Apr.’12-Feb’13 were: China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia,

Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand and Taiwan.

0 30000 60000 90000 120000 150000

Germany’s main trading partners in the Asia-Pacific Region (2012)Total: in ¤310,244 million

China 139,942

Japan 38,933

21,729

17,603

12,352

12,326

11,623

10,384

8,335

7,052

South Korea

India

Australia

Taiwan

Singapore

Malaysia

Thailand

Vietnam

India’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countries: Top Ten (in Rs. million)

Country Indian Imports (Apr.’12-Feb’13)

% share*

Country Indian Exports (Apr.’12-Feb’13)

% share*

1. China 2,956,372 35.9 Singapore 739,375 15.6

2 Indonesia 803,889 9.8 China 733,521 15.4

3. South Korea 732,714 8.9 Hong Kong 668,933 14.1

4 Japan 681,098 8.3 Japan 332,088 7.0

5 Australia 654,635 8.0 Indonesia 289,971 6.1

6 Malaysia 568,308 6.9 Bangladesh 279,033 5.9

7. Hong Kong 439,576 5.3 Malaysia 241,360 5.1

8. Singapore 422,112 5.1 South Korea 228,661 4.8

9. Thailand 296,862 3.6 Sri Lanka 216,518 4.6

10. Taiwan 238,458 2.9 Vietnam 215,547 4.5

Total ASEAN 2,373,748 28.8 Total ASEAN 1,793,086 37.7

Total Asia-Pacific

8,229,799 - Total Asia-Pacific

4,753,177 -

Total Worldwide

26,756,414 - Total Worldwide

16,336,348 -

* % share of India’s total imports from the Asia-Pacific region

Note: The 27 countries covered under Asia-Pacific region by the OAV include Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam

0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000

India’s main trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region (2012-2013)Total: `12,982,976 billion

China

Singapore

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

South Korea

Malaysia

Australia

Thailand

Taiwan

3,689,893

1,161,487

1,108,509

1,093,860

1,013,186

961,375

809,668

499,937

403,719

782,550

(¤million)

` billion


Source: OAV - German Asia-Pacific Business Association

Source: Ministry of Commerce& Industry, Govt. of India

Table 13

(Table 13)

Annual Review 2013

49

Indo-German Trade

Trading with the world

Germany’s Foreign TradeGermany’s economy is very much export-oriented and hence also export-depen-

dent. At the same time, due to scarce natural resources Germany also depends on

imports – in particular, in the energy sector (mineral oil, natural gas).

Germany’s foreign trade 2012: export +3.4%; import +0.7%

In 2012, Germany exported goods worth ¤1,097.3 billion and imported goods

worth ¤909.1 billion. The value of German exports in 2012 exceeded a trillion

euros. Germany’s exports increased by 3.4% and imports by 0.7% in 2012 over

2011. In 2012, the foreign trade balance closed with a surplus of ¤188.3 bil-

lion. In 2011, the foreign trade balance amounted to a surplus of ¤158.7 billion.

The current account of the balance of payment – according to provisional cal-

culations of Deutsche Bundesbank – closed with a surplus of ¤166.9 billion in

2012. In 2011, the surplus recorded by Germany amounted to ¤147.2 billion.

Germany’s most important trading partners 2012

About 69% of exports of goods “Made in Germany” were shipped to European

countries. 57% of all goods were delivered to the member states of the European

Union. The second important sales market for German goods in 2012 was Asia

with a share of about 16%, followed by America, with a share of approximately

12%. Africa and Australia / Oceania only accounted for small percentages of

German exports (2% and 1%, respectively).

The majority of German imports also came from Europe (70%), followed by Asia

(18%) and America (9%). Goods from Africa and Australia / Oceania played just

a subordinate role in imports too (3% and 0.4%, respectively).

In 2012, the top country of destination for German exports was France followed

by the United States and the United Kingdom. Germany exported goods worth

¤104.5 billion to France (9.5% of total German exports), ¤86.8 billion to the

United States (7.9%) and ¤72.1 billion to the United Kingdom (6.6%).

Most of the goods imported to Germany originated from the Netherlands. The

countries ranking second and third were China and France. Germany imported

goods worth ¤86.6 billion from the Netherlands (9.5% of total German imports),

¤77.5 billion from China (8.5%) and ¤64.8 billion from France (7.1%).

Germany’s main export product: motor vehicles

Accounting for 17.3% motor vehicles and parts thereof of exports, was Germany’s

main export product in 2012. Machinery (15.0%) and chemical products (9.5%)

ranked second and third, respectively, among the most important export items.

These three branches account for 41.7% of German exports.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

German Foreign Trade Development in ¤billion

Export

Import

50 60 70 80 90 00 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

2012 = preliminary results

020406080100 0

20

100

Germany’s main trading partners 2012 in ¤ billion

Netherlands 86China 78

France 65United States 51

2 166 Mrd. $1 206

632

556

435

402

323

292

240

1 2061 133

632574

470

320

292

204

The main German goods for resale 2012 in ¤ billion

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (190)

Machinery and equipment n.e.c. (165)

Chemicals and chemical products (105)

Computer, electronic and optical products (86)

Electrical equipment (66)

Basic metals (58)

Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations (56)

Other transport equipment (51)

Food products (46)

Rubber and plastic products (38)

preliminary results

Italy 49United Kingdom 44Russian Federation 42

Belgium 38Switzerland 38Austria 37

104 France87 United States 73 UK 71 Netherlands 67 China 58 Austria 56 Italy 49 Switzerland 44 Belgium 42 Poland

preliminary results

Import Export




Annual Review 2013

51

Indo-German Trade

India’s Foreign Trade (Table 14)

Exports (including re-exports)

Cumulative value of exports for the period April-March 2012 -13 was US $300.6

billion (Rs 16,352.6 billion) as against US $306.0 billion (Rs 14,659.6 crore) register-

ing a negative growth of nearly 1.8% in Dollar terms and growth of 11.5% in Rupee

terms over the same period last year.

Imports

Cumulative value of imports for the period April-March 2012-13 was US $491.5

billion (Rs. 26,731.1 billion) as against US $489.3 billion (Rs.23,454.6 billion) regis-

tering a growth of 0.4% in Dollar terms and growth of nearly 14% in Rupee terms

over the same period last year.

Crude Oil and Non-Oil Imports

Oil imports during April-March 2012-13 were valued at US $169.2 billion which

was 9.2% higher than the oil imports of US $155.0 billion in the corresponding

period last year.

Non-oil imports during April - March 2012-13 were valued at US $322.2 billion

which was 3.6% lower than the level of such imports valued at US $334.4 bil-

lion in April - March 2011-12.

Trade Balance

The trade deficit for April - March 2012-13 was estimated at US $190.9 billion

which was higher than the deficit of US $183.4 billion during April -March

2011-12.

Source: Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India

India’s exports & imports (US $ billion)

(Provisional)

April-March


2011-12 306.0

2012-13 300.6

% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012

-1.8

Imports

2011-12 489.3

2012-13 491.5

% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012

0.4

Trade Balance

2011-12 -183.4

2012-13 -190.9

India’s exports & imports (Rs. billion)

(Provisional)

April-March


2011-12 14,659.6

2012-13 16,352.6

% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012

11.5

Imports

2011-12 23,454,6

2012-13 26,731.1

% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012

14.0

Trade Balance

2011-12 -8,795.0

2012-13 -10,378.5

Table 14

bilateral trade declines slightly in 2012 -...

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