bilingual education and the rise of taglish - ava
TRANSCRIPT
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R. Thompson
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Situations in the Philippines
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1957-drop-out prevention programvernaculars were used in grade 1 and 2 to
teach literacy skills with English and Tagalog being taught as subjects
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Before the schools could switch from English, three problems had to be resolved:
Which language would be used?Who would teach the classes especially in
non-Tagalog speaking areas?Where would the teaching materials come
from?
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Bilingual policy of 1974
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1990s- time of crisis for English
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1998 Solidarity Seminar on Language and Development
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English instruction losing its direction
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Situation in/of Schools48% no water61% no electricityelementary – 7.62% are privatesecondary – 1/3 are privatetertiary – 85% are private65% of elementary and secondary schools have no
library10 yrs. - shortest course of basic education (13 in
most industrialized countries)13000 communities or barangays do not have a
school buildinglack of facilities and textbooks
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Situation of Students97-99% - started school at age 731% did not finish Grade 654 % entered High school50-70 students in class1.5 million children attend classes in
stairways, hallways, or even outside under trees
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Situation of Teachers68% teacher education programs were private10.6% of those who studied in private institutions who took
the teacher exams at the end of their B.A. passed1997 – doubled salary15% high school graduates enter teacher education
programs (typically those who score the lowest on college entrance exam),
85% women,71% graduate25% pass licensing exam1/3 of the passers became teachersamong the 533 teacher education institutions, 20% are
accredited
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Situation in the government1988 – all public schools were nationalizedDECS – most corrupt of the governmental
agencies65% of textbook funds goes to bribes1996 – issued new curriculum guidelines for
teaching English in public secondary schools but this new curriculum IGNORES THE CALL OF THE solidarity Seminar in 1988
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TAGLISH
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Halo-halo ‘mix-mix’
Engalog Taglish
• 1960s• spoken language with no body of literature except in tabloids• Filipino street English
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Filipino English
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Pronunciation
• stress patterns of polysyllabic academic words
• missing vowel contrasts
• no distinction between the pairs/š/ and /ž//s/ and /z/// and //
• lack of reduced vowels in unstressed syllables
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Grammar• overuse of perfect tenses
• overuse of the progressive, as with habitual action
• verb agreement (present tense)• transitive verbs used as intransitives• mass nouns classified as count nouns
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ESL or EFL?
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Vocabulary
• loan translations
• English words with new meanings
• verb agreement (present tense)
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Changing Attitudes Towards EnglishEconomic DevelopmentAversion toward using the “pure” form of
English rather than Taglish or even Filipino
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When are these languages used?Forces that Encourage the Acquisition of English-Medicine -Engineering-Law -Accountancy-Nursing -Optometry-Business management -education
Day-to-day transactions in business, commerce and industry:
-English, Tagalog, Taglish
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Language Situation
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Taglish
Replacing English in various domains assigned to it in everyday life…
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English in ESL Setting
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The Philippines will be only an ESL country for the educated elite.
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Is English dying in the Philippines?
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Key to Maintaining English
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CONCLUSION