biljna tkiva
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Plant Tissues
Damnjanović Ivana
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Internal Organization of the Plant Body
Tissue- a group of similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit.
Tissue System- a tissue or group of tissues organized into a structural and functional unit; larger units of the plant body.
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Plant Tissues fall into two large categories:Meristematic, orPermanent (Non-Meristematic)
Plant Tissues
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Meristematic Tissues
Meristems are places in plants where cell division is occurring.
During cell division, one cell becomes two cells.
Each new cell can also divide.
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Meristematic Tissues
In this class we will discuss three kinds of meristems:
Apical MeristemsIntercalary MeristemsLateral Meristems
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Apical Meristems
Primary growth of shoots and roots occurs as the cells of the apical meristem divide and elongate.
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Shoot Apical Meristem
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Root Apical Meristem
Root cap
Apical meristems cause PRIMARY GROWTH.
As cells in apical meristems divide and elongate, shoot tips and root tips grow longer. This increase in length is called primary growth.
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Lateral Meristems – secondary growth in woody plants
Basswood – root in cross sectionBasswood – stem in cross section; 1, 2, 3 year old stems
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Intercalary Meristems
Monocots, like grasses, have intercalary meristems which allow the leaves to grow
back after mowing.
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Permanent tissues
Tissues that attained their mature form and perform pacific functions. They stop dividing
Types: Simple permanent tissues Complex permanent tissues
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1. Parenchyma - cells are rounded in shape & have uniformly thin
walls found in all parts of the plants. - living at maturity, have large vacuoles - location Ieaf, stem (pith), roots, fruits
Functions:*basic metabolic function (respiration, photosynthesis (chIorenchyma in Leaf) *storage (potatoes, fruits, & seeds)*wound healing and regeneration
Simple permanent tissues
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ChIorenchyma - A specialized parenchyma tissue found in the green parts of the shoot and performs photosynthesis.
ChIorenchyma
- differentiate from parenchyma cells & are alive at maturity
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Arenchyma is the parenchyma in which the cells enclose large intercellular spaces that are filled with air.
It is characteristically found in aquatic floating plants.
Arenchyma
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Storage of starch, protein, fats, oils and water in roots, tubers (e.g. potatoes), seed endosperm (e.g. cereals) and cotyledons
Storage parenchyma
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Rhizodermis-absorption
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Supporting ground tissues
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Collenchyma
CollenchymaElongate in shape.Occur beneath the epidermis in young stems.Support young growing tissues.
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Sclerenchyma- fibers and sclereids.Long or stellate in shape.Occur throughout the plant body.Support (strengthen) and storage.
Sclerenchyma
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Sclerenchyma
SCLERIDS FIBERS