binder nro

8/11/2019 Binder Nro

1/15

NRO WATER PLANT

WATER QUALITY

&

CONTAMINANT ANALYSES


2/15

RAW, FINISHED & DISTRIBUTED ANALYSIS December 2013

CHEMICALWELLWATERRAW

FINISHEDWATERQUALITY

DISTRIBUTEDWATERQUALITY

MCL

P-Alkalinity as CaCO3, mg/l 0 0 0 N/A

Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, mg/l 290 26 26 N/A

Bicarbonate as HCO3, mg/l 353.66 31.71 31.71 N/A

Carbonate as CO3, mg/l 0 0 0 N/A

Hydroxide as OH, mg/l 0 0 0 N/A

Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 760 36 16 150*

Calcium Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 210 10 8 N/A

Magnesium as CaCO3, mg/l 550 26 8 N/A

Calcium as Ca, mg/l 107.0 4.0 3.2 60.0*

Color, C.U. (Color Units) 24 0 0 15*

Silica as SiO2, mg/l 9 1 0 N/A

Conductivity as S/cm 9280 380 340 N/A

Iron, Fe mg/l 0.600 0.300 0.000 0.300*

Potassium, K, mg/l 19.0 1.0 1.2 N/A

Copper, Cu, mg/l < 0.070


3/15

P-Alkalinity as CaCO3, MG/L

The alkalinity of water is its acid-neutralizing capacity. Alkalinity is the measure of an aggregate property of water, whichcan be interpreted in terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is known. Alkalinityis the measure of how much acid can be added to a water without changing the pH. The Phenolphthalein end point is at apH of 8.3. When the pH is above 8.3, P-Alkalinity is present. When the pH is above 8.3, there is no carbon dioxide in thewater, therefore hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity can be found.

T-Alkalinity as CaCO3, MG/L

Total Alkalinity is the sum of bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide into the sample. The Total Alkalinity has a direct affecon the non-carbonate and carbonate hardness in a sample.

Bicarbonate as HCO3, MG/L

The addition of some chemicals increases the pH of water. For example: the addition of lime to water increases theconcentrations of hydroxide, thus increasing the pH. An increase in pH has the potential of changing the alkalinity form tothe bicarbonate form to the carbonate form which causes the calcium to be precipitated as calcium carbonate.

Carbonate as CO3, MG/L

This test allows us to keep track of how stable the water is, when the pH is less than 8.3 all alkalinity is in the carbonateform, and is commonly referred to as natural alkalinity.

Hydroxide as OH, MG/L

If the Hydroxide level gets too high, it causes excess causticity, allowing magnesium to precipitate as magnesiumhydroxide, which in turn causes the ph to remain higher than the desired level.

Total Hardness as CaCO3, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = 150 MG/L)

Hardness in water is caused by calcium and magnesium ions. The more hardness in the water the more soap is requiredto wash and clean, it also causes scale to develop in water heaters, pipes, and fittings. It can possibly cause damage tosome industrial processes and cause objectionable taste in water. Hard water in addition to inhibiting to cleaning action of

soaps will tend to shorten the life of fabrics by allowing scums to embed in the fibers allowing them to lose their softnessand elasticity.

Calcium Hardness as CaCO3, MG/L

Calcium hardness is used in an equation in calcium carbonate equivalent: calcium hardness plus magnesium hardnessequals total hardness.

Magnesium as CaCO3, MG/L

Magnesium is one of the two cations that are usually present in significant concentrations which affects the hardness ofthe water.

Calcium as Ca, MG/L

Calcium is the other ion which is usually present in significant concentrations that affects the hardness of the water.

Color

High color content may indicate high disinfection demand and the potential of production of excess amounts ofdisinfectant by- products, inadequate treatment, and high organic chemical contamination.


4/15

Silica as SiO2, MG/L

In some industrial uses, an excess of silica in the water causes hard to remove silica and silicate scale on equipment.

Conductivi ty as MMHOS/CM

Conductivity measures the ability of water to carry an electric current.

Iron as Fe, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = .30 MG/L)

Clothes laundered in water with high iron content can become stained. The iron in the water can spontaneously react withmanganese and dissolved oxygen, promoting the growth of a group of microorganisms knows as iron bacteria whichresults in dirty water, foul tastes and unpleasant odors.

Copper as Cu, MG/L (Acceptable Limi t = 1.0 MG/L)

Copper can cause some unpleasant tastes and a blue or blue-green staining of porcelain at low levels (.5 in soft water). Alevels higher than 4.0 mg/l, causes staining of clothes and discoloring of blonde hair. Larger doses can cause WilsonsDisease and prolonged doses result in liver damage. Certain levels of copper are recommended for dietary requirements,adults are recommended to have .2 mg/l per day and children are recommended to have .1 mg/l per day to promotenormal growth.

Manganese, Mn, MG/L (Acceptable Limi t = .05 MG/L)

Manganese promotes growth of iron bacteria. It also creates stains on laundry, plumbing fixtures, sinks and bath tubs.

Total Phosphate as PO4, MG/L

We test the total phosphate to see how much corrosion protection and sequestering ability is in the water.

Chloride as Cl-, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = 250 MG/L)

High chloride levels cause an objectionable salty taste in the water. Plumbing, water heaters, and water system

components deteriorate when high concentrations of chloride ions are present.

Fluoride as F, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = 2.0 MG/L)

A level of 1.0 mg/l is recommended by the state to aid in keeping teeth healthy. However at levels of 2.0 mg/l and above itmay cause dental fluorosis which is discoloration and mottling of teeth especially in children. At levels of 6.0 to 8.0 mg/lfluoride may cause skeletal fluorosis which is a brittling of the bones and stiffening of the joints.

Nitrate as NO3, MG/L (Acceptable Limi t = 10.0 MG/L)

Nitrate in drinking water above 10.0 mg/l poses an immediate threat to children under three months of age. Nitrate reactswith an intestinal bacteria in children to cause Blue Baby Syndrome.

Zinc as Zn, MG/L

High concentrations of Zinc may cause adverse physiological effects. Also will cause a milky appearance in water atlevels above 30.0 mg/l. Excess zinc levels may cause lead and cadmium concentrations to increase.

Chlorine (Free) MG/L (Acceptable Limit = Not less than .20)

Chlorine is required by law to be added to the water as a disinfectant to control the number of coliform bacteria. The staterequires that a residual of .20 mg/l be held throughout the system so that disinfection is accomplished. However, addingchlorine also has the drawback of the possibility that when combining with organic substances Trihalomethanes (THMs)are formed. THMs are suspected of causing cancer.


5/15

Lead as Pb, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = .05 MG/L)

Excessive amounts well above this limit may result in nervous system disorders, brain or kidney damage.

Corrosivity

Corrosivity causes loss of system piping. Water loss resulting from deteriorating distribution system. Encouragesbacteriological growth. Also causes taste and odor problems.

pH (Acceptable Limi t = 6.5 - 8.5)

This factor must be controlled to keep water from becoming Acidic (below 6.4) or alkaline (above 8.5). Which in turncauses deterioration of pipes and plumbing fixtures.

Turbidity, NTU (Acceptable Limit = 1.0 NTU)

Turbidity is a measurement used to indicate the clarity of water. Turbidity is an optical property of the water based on theamount of light reflected by suspended particles.

Total Suspended Solids

TSS is the controlling factor which causes turbidity. If the TSS is high, then there is a good possibility that the turbidity willbe over the limit.

Total Dissolved Solids (Acceptable Limit = 500)

TDS is all of the dissolved solids in water. It is measured on a sample of water that has been passed through a very finemesh filter to remove suspended solids. It must be controlled so that less treatment is needed to remove the necessarysolids and make a better, safe drinking product.

Sulfate as SO4, MG/L (Acceptable Limit = 250)

This contaminant tends to form hard scales in boilers and heat exchangers. It also causes a laxative effect, therefore it

must be controlled.

Sodium as Na, MG/L (Acceptable Limi t = 250)

The main reason sodium is a concern in public water systems is that many people are on strict low sodium diets for healthreasons. The maximum (moderate) level of sodium intake is around 270 mg/day. Extremely low sodium intake levelsshould be held to 20 mg/day or less.

Sulfide as S, MG/L

Sulfide is a gas that causes a "rotten egg" odor. It can be caused by the decay of iron bacteria or other bacteria that usessulfate as an energy source.

Temperature (Skyco Plant Analysis Only)

Temperature can vary the efficiency of water treatment. If it is too high THMs and other precursors form quicker, and if it istoo cold it inhibits the performance of treatment chemicals.


6/15

JULY 2012 REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM LEAD TESTING

Average Lead Level = Non Detect (50 ppb max level)

System 90th Percentile Level = Non-Detect (15 ppb max level)

Sample NumberLead Results (ppb)

1st Draw

1

Non-Detect

2

Non-Detect

3

Non-Detect

4 Non-Detect

5 Non-Detect

6 Non-Detect

7

Non-Detect

8

Non-Detect

9

Non-Detect

10 Non-Detect

11 Non-Detect

12

Non-Detect13 Non-Detect

14 Non-Detect

15 Non-Detect

16

Non-Detect

17 Non-Detect

18 Non-Detect

19 Non-Detect

20 Non-Detect

21 Non-Detect

22 Non-Detect23 Non-Detect

24 Non-Detect

25 Non-Detect

26 Non-Detect

27 3

28 7

29 7

30 33

Tests are run every three years

Page last updated December 5, 2012


7/15

JULY 2012 REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM COPPER TESTING

System 90th Percentile Level = 196 ppb (1300 ppb max level)

Sample Number Results (ppb)1 Non-Detect2 Non-Detect3 Non-Detect4 Non-Detect

5 Non-Detect6 Non-Detect7 Non-Detect8 729 7210 8311 8512 9413 9914 10415 11616 12417 128

18 12919 13520 13821 14322 15523 16324 17025 17226 17427 18928 19429 20130 245

Tests are run every three years

Page last updated December 5, 2012


8/15

INORGANIC CHEMICAL ANALYSES

March 2011

Name

RequiredReporting

Limit(RRL)

NOTDetectedAboveRRL

QuantifiedResults

Al lowableLimits

Arsenic, mg/l 0.005 X 0.010Barium, mg/l 0.400 X 2.000

Cadmium, mg/l 0.001 X 0.005

Chromium, mg/l 0.020 X 0.100

Cyanide, mg/l 0.040 X 0.200

Fluoride, mg/l 0.100 1.000 4.000

Iron, mg/l 0.060 X 0.300

Manganese, mg/l 0.010 X 0.050

Mercury, mg/l 0.0004 X 0.002

Nickel, mg/l 0.100 X N/A

Selenium, mg/l 0.010 X 0.050

Sodium, mg/l 1.000 101.800 N/A

Sulfate, mg/l 5.000 X 250.0

Antimony, mg/l 0.003 X 0.006

Beryllium, mg/l 0.002 X 0.004

Thallium, mg/l 0.001 X 0.002

pH, units N/A 7.40 6.50-8.50

Test is run every three years

Page last updated June 20, 2011


9/15

NITRATE ANALYSIS

January 2013

Name

Required Reporting L imit(R.R.L.)

NOT DetectedAbove the R. R. L.

Allowable Limits

Nitrate, mg/l1.00 mg/l

X 10.00

Test is run every year

Page last updated August 2013


10/15

RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

March 2008

Name

Required

Reporting

Limit

(RRL)

NOT Detected

(i.e. < RRL)

(X)

Quantified

ResultsAl lowable

Limit

Gross ALPHA (pCi/L) 3.00 pCi/L X 15.00 pCi/L

Uranium 0.67 pCi/L X 20.10 pCi/L

Radium 226 1.00 pCi/L X 3.00 pCi/L

Radium 228 1.00 pCi/L X 2.00 pCi/L

Gross BETA (pCi/L) 4.00 pCi/L 4.50 pCi/L 50.00 pCi/L

Test is run every nine years, except for Uranium, which is tested every six years

Page last updated March 11, 2008


11/15

PESTICIDES AND SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS ANALYSIS

November 2011

Contaminant

RequiredReporting

Limit(R.R.L.)

NotDetected

(x)(i.e.

binder nro

Documents