binding theory - rohan
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding TheoryDescribing Relationships between Nouns
![Page 2: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Describes the conditions on the structural relations between nouns. Concerned with three types of nouns:
R-expressions (proper names, common nouns)Pronouns. (he, she, it, his, one, them, him etc)Anaphors. (eg. himself, herself, themselves)
These NPs are semantically distinct, but they also have different syntactic distributions.
Binding Theory
![Page 3: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Express content
An NP that gets it meaning by referring to an
entity in the world.
e.g. Bill Clinton, William, The woman in the blue
suit, a teddy bear, purple shoes.
R-expressions
![Page 4: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
An NP that obligatorily gets its meaning from
another NP in the sentence.
Heidi bopped herself on the head with a
zucchini
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves, each other.
Anaphor
![Page 5: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronoun: An NP that may (but need not) get its meaning from another word in the sentence. It can also get its meaning from a noun previously mentioned in the discourse, or by context.
Art said that he played basketballArt said that Art played basketballArt said that David played basketball
I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, one, we, us, they, them, his, her, our, my, its, your, their.
Pronouns
![Page 6: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronoun: An NP that may (but need not) get its meaning from another word in the sentence. It can also get its meaning from a noun previously mentioned in the discourse, or by context.
Art said that he played basketballArt said that Art played basketballArt said that David played basketball
I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, one, we, us, they, them, his, her, our, my, its, your, their.
Pronouns
Category D, but count as pronouns
![Page 7: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Antecedent
![Page 8: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
AntecedentAntecedent: An NP that gives its meaning to a pronoun or anaphor.
![Page 9: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
AntecedentAntecedent: An NP that gives its meaning to a pronoun or anaphor.
Heidi bopped herself on the head with a zucchini
![Page 10: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
AntecedentAntecedent: An NP that gives its meaning to a pronoun or anaphor.
Heidi bopped herself on the head with a zucchini
antecedent
![Page 11: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
AntecedentAntecedent: An NP that gives its meaning to a pronoun or anaphor.
Heidi bopped herself on the head with a zucchini
antecedent anaphor
![Page 12: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Indexing
![Page 13: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
IndexingMeans of representing the meaning of an NP
![Page 14: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
IndexingMeans of representing the meaning of an NPEach index (plural: indices) represents a different reference. a) [Colin]i gave [Andrea]j [a basketball]kb) [Art]i said that [he]j played [basketball]k in [the dark]lc) [Art]i said that [he]i played [basketball]k in [the dark]ld) [Heidi]i bopped [herself]i on [the head]j with [a zucchini]k
![Page 15: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
IndexingMeans of representing the meaning of an NPEach index (plural: indices) represents a different reference. a) [Colin]i gave [Andrea]j [a basketball]kb) [Art]i said that [he]j played [basketball]k in [the dark]lc) [Art]i said that [he]i played [basketball]k in [the dark]ld) [Heidi]i bopped [herself]i on [the head]j with [a zucchini]k
Start at the left and assign each NP an index starting with i and working down the alphabet.
![Page 16: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Co-indexing & Co-reference
![Page 17: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Co-indexing & Co-reference
Two NPs that have the same index are said to be co-indexed.
![Page 18: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Co-indexing & Co-reference
Two NPs that have the same index are said to be co-indexed.
Two NPs that are co-indexed are said to co-refer (that is, refer to the same entity in the world)
a) [Art]i said that [he]j played [basketball]k in [the dark]l
b) [Art]i said that [he]i played [basketball]k in [the dark]l
![Page 19: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
![Page 20: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
Heidii bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini:
![Page 21: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
Heidii bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini:
[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfk on the head with a zucchini.
![Page 22: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
Heidii bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini:
[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfk on the head with a zucchini.
*[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini.
![Page 23: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
Heidii bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini:
[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfk on the head with a zucchini.
*[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini.
The antecedent for an anaphor can be the subject of the sentence, but not an NP inside the subject.
![Page 24: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Syntactic Restrictions on Anaphors
Heidii bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini:
[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfk on the head with a zucchini.
*[Heidii's mother]k bopped herselfi on the head with a zucchini.
The antecedent for an anaphor can be the subject of the sentence, but not an NP inside the subject.
let’s look at this distinction in terms of structural relations
![Page 25: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 26: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 27: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 28: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 29: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
C-commanded by [NPHeidi]
![Page 30: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
C-commanded by [NPHeidi]
Not C-commanded by [NPHeidi]
![Page 31: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding
![Page 32: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
BindingThis fact is captured by binding.
![Page 33: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
BindingThis fact is captured by binding. Binds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed.
![Page 34: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
BindingThis fact is captured by binding. Binds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed.
Note: binding is not the same as co-indexing!!! (co-indexing has same index; binding requires a c–command relationship between the co-indexed elements.)
![Page 35: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
BindingThis fact is captured by binding. Binds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed.
Note: binding is not the same as co-indexing!!! (co-indexing has same index; binding requires a c–command relationship between the co-indexed elements.)Binding is a SPECIAL kind of c-command. It is c-command with co-indexing.
![Page 36: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
The Principle that deals with anaphors
Principle A (to be revised): An anaphor must be bound
In other words: An anaphor must be c-commanded and co-indexed by an antecedent.
![Page 37: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 38: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed?
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 39: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 40: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command?
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 41: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 42: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 43: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed?
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 44: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 45: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
C-command?
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 46: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
C-command? no
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 47: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
C-command? no
∴ NOT Bound
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 48: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes
∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
C-command? no
∴ NOT BoundVIOLATES PRINCIPLE A
TPNPi VP
N V NPiHeidi bopped
N
…
herself
TP
NP VP
NPi N V NPi mother bopped
N
…
herselfi
NHeidi’s
![Page 49: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Locality restrictions on anaphor binding
Heidii danced with herselfi
*Heidii said that Art danced with herselfi
(cf. Heidii said that Art danced with heri.)
*Heidii said that herselfi danced with Art
(cf. Heidii said that shei danced with Art)
![Page 50: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TP
NP VP
N V PP
P NP
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NP VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herself…
![Page 51: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
TP
NP VP
N V PP
P NP
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NP VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herself…
important difference!
![Page 52: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain
![Page 53: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain
Binding domain: The clause containing the anaphor
![Page 54: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain
Binding domain: The clause containing the anaphor
This definition is overly simplistic; We’ll talk about this later in the semester, but the above will be your definition for the purposes of homework and exams for now
![Page 55: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain
Binding domain: The clause containing the anaphor
This definition is overly simplistic; We’ll talk about this later in the semester, but the above will be your definition for the purposes of homework and exams for now
Binding Principle A: An anaphor must be bound in its binding domain.
![Page 56: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 57: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed?
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 58: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 59: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command?
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 60: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴Bound
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 61: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundBound in domain?
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 62: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundBound in domain? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 63: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed?
Bound in domain? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 64: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yes
Bound in domain? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 65: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command?
Bound in domain? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 66: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Bound in domain? yes
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 67: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Bound in domain? yes Bound in domain?
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 68: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Bound in domain? yes Bound in domain? no
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 69: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for anaphor
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Bound in domain? yes Bound in domain? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE A
TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
herself
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… herselfi…
![Page 70: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
A (more) intuitive characterization???
Principle A imposes TWO restrictions:
1) The anaphor must be bound= both c-commanded and coindexed
2) AND The anaphor must be bound (find its antecedent) within its own clause (the binding domain)
Note that the restriction is not that an anaphor needs to be simply bound. An anaphor can be bound, yet the sentence still ungrammatical if it isn’t bound locally.
![Page 71: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
![Page 72: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Heidii bopped herk on the head with the zucchini
![Page 73: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Heidii bopped herk on the head with the zucchini*Heidii bopped heri on the head with the zucchini
![Page 74: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Heidii bopped herk on the head with the zucchini*Heidii bopped heri on the head with the zucchiniHeidii said that shei danced with Art
![Page 75: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Heidii bopped herk on the head with the zucchini*Heidii bopped heri on the head with the zucchiniHeidii said that shei danced with ArtHeidii said that shek danced with Art.
![Page 76: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Heidii bopped herk on the head with the zucchini*Heidii bopped heri on the head with the zucchiniHeidii said that shei danced with ArtHeidii said that shek danced with Art.
Only restriction on pronouns: they cannot be bound within their clause
![Page 77: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Pronouns
Free: Not bound
Principle B: Pronouns must be free in their Binding Domain.
![Page 78: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 79: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 80: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yes
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 81: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 82: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 83: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴BoundFree in domain?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 84: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴BoundFree in domain? no
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 85: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴BoundFree in domain? no
VIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 86: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed?
Free in domain? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 87: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed? yes
Free in domain? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 88: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed? yesC-command?
Free in domain? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 89: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free in domain? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 90: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free in domain? no Free in domain?VIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 91: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Coindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free in domain? no Free in domain? yesVIOLATES PRINCIPLE B
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shei…
![Page 92: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 93: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 94: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 95: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not BoundFree in domain?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 96: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not BoundFree in domain?Yes
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 97: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound Coindexed? Free in domain?Yes
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 98: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound Coindexed? Free in domain?Yes
no ∴ not Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 99: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound Coindexed? Free in domain?Yes Free in domain?
no ∴ not Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 100: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound Coindexed? Free in domain?Yes Free in domain? Yes
no ∴ not Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
![Page 101: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Binding domain for pronoun
Binding domain
Coindexed? no ∴ not Bound Coindexed? Free in domain?Yes Free in domain? Yes
no ∴ not Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPj
N
Heidi danced
with
her
TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… shej…
Both meet condition B
![Page 102: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
R-expressions
![Page 103: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
R-expressions
*Heidii kissed Miriami
![Page 104: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
R-expressions
*Heidii kissed Miriami
*Shei kissed Heidii
![Page 105: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
R-expressions
*Heidii kissed Miriami
*Shei kissed Heidii*Shei said that Heidii was a disco queen.
![Page 106: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
R-expressions
*Heidii kissed Miriami
*Shei kissed Heidii*Shei said that Heidii was a disco queen.Principle C: R-expressions must be free (everywhere)
![Page 107: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 108: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 109: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 110: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 111: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴Bound
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 112: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundFree?
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 113: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundFree? no
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 114: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundFree? no
VIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 115: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed?
Free? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 116: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yes
Free? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 117: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command?
Free? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 118: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free? noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 119: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free? no FreeVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 120: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free? no Free noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 121: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Coindexed? yes
C-command? yes ∴BoundCoindexed? yesC-command? yes ∴Bound
Free? no Free noVIOLATES PRINCIPLE C VIOLATES PRINCIPLE C
*TP
NPi VP
N V PP
P NPi
N
Heidi danced
with
Heidi
*TP
NPi VP
N V CP
C TPHeidi said
… Heidii…
![Page 122: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Summary
![Page 123: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
SummaryAntecedent, Anaphor, index, pronoun, R-expression, co-reference
![Page 124: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
SummaryAntecedent, Anaphor, index, pronoun, R-expression, co-referenceBinds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed
![Page 125: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
SummaryAntecedent, Anaphor, index, pronoun, R-expression, co-referenceBinds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed
Free: not bound
![Page 126: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
SummaryAntecedent, Anaphor, index, pronoun, R-expression, co-referenceBinds:
A binds B if and only ifA c-commands B ANDA and B are co-indexed
Free: not boundBinding domain: The clause containing the anaphor/pronoun
![Page 127: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Summary: The binding principles
![Page 128: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Summary: The binding principles
Binding Principle A: An anaphor must be bound in its binding domain.
![Page 129: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Summary: The binding principles
Binding Principle A: An anaphor must be bound in its binding domain.Binding Principle B: Pronouns must be free in their binding domain
![Page 130: Binding Theory - Rohan](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021008/62039e5ada24ad121e4b8079/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
©Andrew Carnie, 2006
Summary: The binding principles
Binding Principle A: An anaphor must be bound in its binding domain.Binding Principle B: Pronouns must be free in their binding domainBinding Principle C: R-expressions must be free