Binds people with similar:

•Language, history, religion, beliefs, geographic locations

•Can lead to formation of nation-states

•Prior to 1869- fragmented group of small kingdoms and principalities

1.Giuseppe Mazzini- “soul of Nationalism”Writing & speeches

provided inspiration 1832 Established Secret

Society known as Young Italy

Exiled for his views

2. Giuseppe Garibaldi- “The Sword of Unification”

Provided military leadership

Along w/ Redshirts conquered Southern Italy & united it with the North

3.Count Camilo Cavour- “The brain”Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont (Led Unification movement)Skilled diplomatFormed alliances with: France & PrussiaUsed diplomacy & war to drive out: Austria

4. Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia

Crowned king of a United Italy in 1861

Rome & Venetia added in 1870

•Pope still rules Vatican City in Rome, why is this

important?????????

•39 German states formed the German Confederation

•Austro-Hungarian Empire & Prussia dominant states

Nationalist Leaders

1. Prussian King Wilhelm I

2. Otto Von Bismarck- The “Iron Chancellor”

•Prime Minister of Prussia

•Realpolitik- End justifies the means approach to government

•Ruled w/out consent of Parliament

•Builds up Army (Militarism)•Strong proponent of “Blood & Iron”

•Sacrifice & industrialization key to being a world power

1. Danish War- Prussia & Austria defeat Denmark & gain 2 Provinces

2. Austro- Prussian War- Seven Weeks War- Austria defeated- Prussia took control of Northern Germany

3.Franco – Prussian War- Southern Germany unites to fight common enemy- France defeated

•1871- King Wilhelm: crowned Kaiser or Emperor of unified Germany

•The Second Reich begins

•What was the 1st ????

•Upset the: Balance of Power

-England & Germany most powerful

•Alliance system begins which will lead to WWI

•Militarism

Tore apart Long established EmpiresToo Diverse to survive

•Austro- Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, & Russian Empire will not survive WWI