bio 156 chapter 7 power point

8/14/2019 BIO 156 Chapter 7 Power Point

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BIO 156

Chapter 7


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Blood consists of plasma and formed

elements, mostly blood cells and platelets. The blood plasma is a watery transport

medium.

Blood consists of two basic components: The plasmafluid that contains dissolved

nutrients, proteins, gases, and wastes.

The formed elements red blood cells, whiteblood cells, and platelets, which are suspended

in the plasma. Plasma constitutes about 55% of the blood

volume, and the formed elements make upthe remainder.

The Blood


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Plasma is a light yellow (straw-colored)fluid that plays many important functions

in maintaining homeostasis.

Plasma transports many importantsubstances.

Plasma proteins help regulate blood pH and

osmotic pressure.

Some plasma proteins serve as carrierproteins.

Blood Plasma


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Red blood cells are highly flexible cells that transport

oxygen in the blood.

Red blood cells (RBCs) also transport carbondioxide.

Red blood cells are replenished by stem cells in bone

marrow.

RBCs lack nuclei and organelles.

RBCs are produced by stem cells.

Red Blood Cells

Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein foundin RBCs.

Inside the RBC, oxygen binds to the iron in

hemoglobin molecules for transport.


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Hemoglobin


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Red Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells (Sickle Cell)


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White blood cells area diverse group that

protects the body

from infection.

White blood cells(WBCs) are

produced in the

bone marrow and

circulate in thebloodstream.

White Blood Cells


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Neutrophils are phagocytic

cells and are the first to

arrive at an injury. Neutrophils leave the

bloodstream and migrate to

the site of infection by

amoeboid movement.

Monocytes are a kind of

clean up crew.

Monocytes phagocytizemicroorganisms, dead cells,

cellular debris, and dead

neutrophils.


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Lymphocytes are involvedin immune reaction tomicroorganisms.

Lymphocytes are the secondmost numerous WBCs andplay a vital role in immuneprotection.

There are two types of

lymphocytes: T lymphocytesand B lymphocytes.

T lymphocyte


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Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells.

Infectious mononucleosis is a viral disease spread

through saliva.

Diseases of the Blood


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Platelets are a vitalcomponent of theblood-clottingmechanism.

Clotting is a chainreaction stimulated bythe release of achemical calledthromboplastin.

Thrombin acts onanother blood protein,fibrinogen.

Fibrinogen is convertedinto fibrin.

The fibrin web traps

RBCs and platelets. Platelets captured by the

fibrin web releaseadditionalthromboplastin.

Blood Clotting


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Hemophilia is a potentially life-threatening clotting disorder.

In hemophilia, the liver fails to produce the

necessary clotting factors.

Hemophilia is caused by a hereditary

genetic defect.


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Blood types are

determined byglycoproteins on RBCmembranes. Four blood types exist: A,

B, AB, and O. The letters refer to one type

of glycoprotein present onthe plasma membrane ofRBCs.

Serious problems arisewhen incompatible bloodtypes are mixed.


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The blood is vitally important to homeostasis. It transports materials, especially oxygen, to and

from the cells.

It protects against changes in pH. It transports excess heat to the bodys surface.

It plays a key role in the bodys defense system.

It seals injuries in blood vessels through clots.

Health and Homeostasis


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End of Chapter 7

bio 156 chapter 7 power point

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