Bio 230 - Microbiology - Spring 2012

Learning Guide 01

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displaychapter&chap_id=32&theme=Printer

One does not have to "see bacteria" to

know that they exist and that they are

responsible for "chemical

transformation" and infectious disease.

What do you know that supports this

statement?

John Snow

1854

http://clareverse.files.wordpress.com/2006/12/613px-snow-cholera-map.jpg

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IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

In 1841 (30 years before the GERM THEORY of disease was

established) young doctor IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS was hired

to run a maternity ward in a Vienna hospital.

(July 1, 1818 - August 13, 1865)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis

http://users.stlcc.edu/kkiser/resizeLeeuw.gif

http://lane.stanford.edu/graphics/portals/history/HookeMicroscope800x1209px.jpg

http://www.nndb.com/people/356/000087095/robert-hooke-1.jpg

The Francesco Redi experiment 1668

Year Event

1668 Francesco Redi attacks spontaneous generation and disproves it

for large organisms

1745

John Needham adds chick broth to a flask and boils it, lets it

cool and waits. Microbes grow and he proposes it as an example

of spontaneous generation.

1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani repeats Needham's experiment, but

removes all the air from the flask. No growth occurs.

1859 Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks show that spontaneous

generation does not occur.

1870

Thomas H. Huxley gives his "Biogenesis and Abiogenesis"

lecture. The speech offered powerful support for Pasteur's claim

to have experimentally disproved spontaneous generation.

1877 John Tyndall publishes his method for fractional sterilization,

showing the existence of heat-resistant bacterial spores.

History of Spontaneous Generation

http://media.wiley.com/Lux/26/8326.nfg002.jpg

What is this?

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/kochwife.gif

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/anthrax.html

Bacillus anthracis. Gram stain. 1500X.

http://www.usal.es/~revistamedicinacine/Indice_2005/Revista/numero%202/esp/carpeta_padres_microb/Foto%2010%20a%20Robert%20K

och%20(1406.jpg

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0510.jpg

Lister, Joseph BRITISH SURGEON

1827–1912

Differential staining of blood cells. These figures show the type of

differential staining that gave Paul Ehrlich his idea for a "Magic

Bullet". Different parts of the cells in these three pictures stain

differently with a stain composed of the same mixture of dyes.

Erlich search for a magic bullet to cure syphilis, which in the late

19th century was a scourge as terrible as AIDS is today. In the final

stages of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease its victim suffered

horribly and eventually died insane as the brain was destroyed by the

infection. Over many years he tested 100s of chemicals and finally in

1910 he found one, he named SALVARSAN or compound 606, that

killed the syphilis organisms without killing the host (usually).

The treatment, however, had many problems,

causing long lasting health complications for those

individuals who used it. In addition, despite

Treponema being quite sensitive to salvarsan, the

physician had to administer it intravenously for

optimum effectiveness.

Martinus Willem Beijerinck was the

father of Enrichment culture, a procedure

which allows for the selective isolation of

organisms from nature.

(March 16, 1851 - January 1, 1931)

http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/images/pilus.jpg

http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/4/48/BacterConjugation.gif/350px-BacterConjugation.gif

http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v2/n8/images/nrg0801_634a_f3.gif

http://users.stlcc.edu/kkiser/History.page.html#Timeline

Highlights in the History of Microbiology

http://www.microbiologybytes.com/introduction/History.html

A Brief History of Microbiology

MICROBIOLOGY 101/102 INTERNET TEXT

CHAPTER I: A BRIEF HISTORY OF

MICROBIOLOGY

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap1.html

Antecedents of Escherichia coli B have been traced through publications,

inferences, and personal communication to a strain from the Institut Pasteur in

Paris used by d'Herelle in his studies of bacteriophages as early as 1918 (a strain

not in the current collection). This strain appears to have passed from d'Herelle to

Bordet in 1920, and from Bordet to at least three other laboratories by 1925. The

strain that Gratia received from Bordet was apparently passed to Bronfenbrenner

by 1924 and from him to Luria around 1941. Delbrück and Luria published the first

paper calling this strain B in 1942. Its choice as the common host for phages T1–

T7 by the phage group that developed around Delbrück, Luria, and Hershey in the

1940s led to widespread use of B along with E. coli K-12, chosen about the same

time for biochemical and genetic studies by Tatum and Lederberg. Not all currently

available strains related to B are descended from the B of Delbrück and Luria; at

least three strains with somewhat different characteristics were derived

independently by Hershey directly from the Bronfenbrenner strain , and a strain

that appears to have passed from Bordet to Wollman is in the current Collection of

the Institut Pasteur. The succession of manipulations and strains that led from the B

of Delbrück and Luria to REL606 and BL21 (DE3) is given, established in part

through evidence from their recently determined complete genome sequences.

The End