bio and health surveillance in the asia-pacific region james r. campbell, ph.d., m.p.h. asia-pacific...
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![Page 1: Bio and Health Surveillance in the Asia-Pacific Region James R. Campbell, Ph.D., M.P.H. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e155503460f94afed8e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bio and Health Surveillance in the Asia-Pacific Region
James R. Campbell, Ph.D., M.P.H.Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
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Biosurveillance• Moving to “One Health” –
integrated management of human, veterinary and environmental health
• Requires methodologies, tools and models to systematically harvest and contextualize all sources of biosurveillance data
• Defines trigger points for policy decisions on countermeasure and response options
• Requires planning exercises to incorporate all sources of biosurveillance information
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Emerging infections: conceptbecomes reality
Rift ValleyUsutu
Arthropod-borne Rodent-borne Other (including bats)
Alkhumra
SinNombre
VEEGuanarito
MayaroOropouche
MachupoAndes
TBEAvian fluSARS
KyasanurForestDisease
JE RossRiver
Hendra
Chikungunya
West Nile
Ebola (Reston)
DHFLassa
Ebola
Rocio
Marburg
NipahChandipura
Barmah ForestChikungunya
O’nyong nyong
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What Can Technology Offer?• A biosecurity predictive, assessment and
analysis database and software system that would build a meta-structure of the problem and solution space
• Capture of all kinds of information including expert opinion
• Facilitate structured information retrieval• Provide tools to assess the problem and
solution space to identify the most critical information gaps
• Forecast unenvisioned problems and events, and identify the precursors to such events
• Facilitate structured risk assessments and informed risk management decisions
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Interconnectedness of Surveillance Data
• HIV/AIDS incidence tracks along international drug smuggling routes
• Immunocompromise associated with AIDS, and with aging, create new vulnerabilities in the Asia-Pacific region.
• International human trafficking, illegal cross-border movements correlate with spread of disease
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Asia-Pacific Regional Security is Dependent on Health Security
• Ecologically, demographically and epidemiologically the Asia-Pacific is “ground zero” for epidemics of new human pathogens, both imported and “home grown.”
• Dense populations of humans and animals (especially birds)
• Wide open for international trade, giving exposure to agents arising elsewhere that make their way to the region
• Biosurveillance for recurrent epidemics is an important lens through which to examine trends in a variety of other aspects of regional change.
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Emergent Disease Tests National and Regional Public Health Safety Nets
• Water and Sanitation• Disease surveillance• Laboratory capacity• Epidemic investigation and containment• Health care systems (often found in urgent
need of repair)• In epidemics, “ripple effects” across legal
regimes, trade, travel
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Increasing Regional Economic Integration brings:
• Intensive investment in transnational science and research collaboration
• Common interest in preventing the heavy human and economic costs that disruption of trade and travel causes
• Increasingly robust electronic communications architecture within and across borders
• Public Private Partnerships – health systems and business
• Enduring regional health security change by increasing whole-of-nation resilience, by building capacity, capability and regional interoperability
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Where are the Gaps?• Need cross-country communications
between Ministries of commerce, finance, tourism and health (Use APEC EIN, Access Grid video-teleconference)
• Need capability to “regionalize” trade sanctions, limiting imports only from affected areas of a given country (infected vs “disease-free” areas), so trade in poultry can continue, at a reduced rate, throughout the crisis – GIS?
• Data-sharing protocols for stockpiling shared resources
• Data on labor movements, within and between countries
• Non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance (Oceania – public health emergency)
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Implications for the Rebalance
• U.S. must be viewed as a reliable partner in public health surveillance in the region– U.S. – Singapore: Regional Emergency Disease Intervention
(REDI) center• Demonstrate that U.S. actions in public health are
collaborative, and not simply directed toward thwarting bioterror attack against the American people
• US PACOM has taken a leadership role in preparing the region’s militaries for cooperative response planning
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Organizations Working Regionally on Biosurveillance
• CAREID (Canada Asia Region Emerging Infectious Disease project
• APEC Emerging Infections Network• GPHIN (Global Public Health Information Network)• WHO Geneva, WHO – APSED 2010 (Asia Pacific
Strategy for Emerging Diseases– WPRO Manila (ROK), SEARO New Delhi (DPRK)– competition, suboptimal coordination and cooperation
• TEIN4 (Trans-Eurasia Information Network) Connects 17 Asian countries via a high speed link