bio review session
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BIOLOGY REVIEW EOC May 7th!!!!
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Genetic code for proteins, in pro/eukaryote
Command center of eukaryote cells, contains the DNA
Semi-permeable membrane that allows certain items in/out, all cells
Gives cell structure and support, many different cells (not animal or some protist)
Long whip-like tail for movement, many different cells
Site of protein synthesis, all cells
Site of cellular respiration, only in eukaryote
Site of photosynthesis, only in eukaryote (plant, some protist)
Makes and transports packages (mostly proteins) within the cell, only eukaryotes
Creates packages that will be transported out of the cell, only eukaryote
Breaks down cell/organelles, only eukaryote
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The movement of materials into or out of a cell WITHOUT the expenditure of energy The movement of water molecules through a
membrane from a place of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration
The movement of particles from a place of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration
The movement of substances across a cell membrane with the aid of a CARRIER MOLECULE embedded in the membrane
The movement of materials against the concentration gradient(from LOW TO HIGH) WITH the expenditure of energy
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Make more body cells/all the time
Make SEX CELLS! (SPERM AND EGGS)
2 4
IDENTICALDIPLOID
DIFFERENTHAPLOID
the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that produces two daughter cells (INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS)
Cell death, mutation, cancer
S phase
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Xylem carries water (WXY) Phloem carries food (nutrients)
Chloroplasts, guard cells for regulation of gas exchange
More elongated
Tap root (carrot) vs fibrous root (spider web)
Reproductive structure
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DNA / RNANO METABOLISM
NO REPRODUCTION(without a host)
CAPSID
NOT A CELL
RECEPTORS
Influenza
Herpes
HIV
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GeneticCode
nucleotide
20 Amino acids
Builds everythingenzymes
Fatty acidglycerol
InsulationLong term storage of NRGMembranesHormones
Quick NRGsugars
CHOPN
CHON
CHON
CHO
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Pentose sugar = deoxyribose
Pentose sugar = ribose
double single
deoxyriboseribose
If you need extra practice feel free to draw it again
nucleus
mutation
Ribosome, cytoplasm
Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.
Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted.A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could:
A chromosome alteration in which a whole chromosome or segment of a chromosome becomes attached to or interchanged with another whole chromosome or segment
DNA mRNA Protein
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one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus
a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person
the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration- Gg
The observable traits- the PHYsical appearance- green
two different alleles for that trait
two of the same alleles for that trait
A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome
XcXXcXcXcYXY
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Gel elctrophoresis
direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Domain
Two name systemGenus species
Gives each organism a unique name that is used by scientists around the world, this causes less confusion
Dumb
King
Philip
Called
Out
For
Good
Soup
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Archaea Bacteria Eukarya
Eukaryote
Mostly multi-celled some single cell
DecomposersHeterotrophic
Prefer dark/damp
Cell walls of chitin
Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Prokaryote
Single cell
Extremeophiles
heterotrophic
Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
Prokayote
Single cell
Found nearly everywhere
Heterotrophicautotrophic
Peptidoglycan in cell walls
Eukaryote
Found mostly in water
Mostly single cell (or colony)
3 types-fungus like
-plant like
-Animal like
Archae-bacteria
Eukaryote
All multi-celled
Cell walls of cellulose
Autotrophic
Eukaryote
All multi-celled
Heterotrophic
Largest amount of species
Thermoplasma StreplococcusE. coli
MushroomYeastMold
EuglenaAmeobaAlgae
FicusRosePine tree
Jelly fishWolfCockroach
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Levels of Organization
19
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Homologous structures
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Similar genes
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Similar Embryology
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A trait that allows a population a better chance of survival
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chloroplasts
To make energy/food for the cellCONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY
mitochondria
PLANT AND ANIMAL
PLANT
To make energy for the cell
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
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Predation, Commensalism, Mutualism, or Commensalism?
Mutualism
+/- (hunting for food!)+/-
+/0
+/+
-/-
Competition
Parasitism
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Each population is replaced/ out-competed by larger species
Primary starts with bare rock
Secondary had adisaster