biocatalyst dwi

7/30/2019 Biocatalyst Dwi

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BIOCATALYST

cells synthesize a group of proteins that

have a specific function enzymes asbiocatalyst

By enzyme biocatalyst is a very important

aspect in biochemical reactions in the cellbodies of living


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Almost all biochemical reactions in the cell are

catalyzed by enzymes.

The enzyme has the ability to accelerate the

transformation of the chemical reaction at least

to a million-fold when compared with the

chemical transformation without a catalyst. the enzyme did not change the balance of the

reaction, but rather lowers the activation energy

of a reaction. The enzyme has the main characteristics of the

catalytic ability and specificity.


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Scheme feedback inhibition of an enzyme isdepicted in Figure:

A Enzim B C D (thefinal result)

Figure: feedback inhibition scheme enzyme activity. D is thefinal result changes the reaction pathway substrate A to D.In particular cedar, D will inhibit the activity of the enzymethat catalyzes the first reaction in the change of substrate Ato B.


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GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS

In multicellular organisms

In unicellular organisms

In organisms Soenositik / Aseluler


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1. Adaptation phase (Initial stationary phase)

the initial growth phase (lag phase / phase

of positive growth accelaration)

rapid growth phase (log phase / logarithmic

growth phase)

2. Stationary phases / phase constant

(Maximum stationary phase)

3. Phase mortality (death phase of

acceleration)

4. Accelerated death phase (logarithmic death

phase)


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FACTORS - FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH

MICROORGANISMS

nutrients,

water,

temperature, pH,

oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential,

the presence of inhibitors and othermicroorganisms.


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Nutrients and energy needed to manufacturethe components to construct the cell. Nutrient

Requirements vary for each micro-organism.Microorganisms that grow on foods ingeneral are heterotrophic, ie to usecarbohydrate as an energy and carbonsource, although other organic componentscontaining carbon can also be used. Mostheterotrophic organisms use nitrogen-

containing organic components as a sourceof N, but some can also use inorganicnitrogen source.


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Nutrients can enter the cells ofmicroorganisms melalul several ways,

namely:

a.

Passive diffusionb. Accelerated diffusion (Diffusion Facilities)

c. Active transport


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AVAILABILITY OF WATER

Tues microorganisms need water to live and

breed

water is also needed as a reactant various

biochemical reactions


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TEMPERATURE

Effect of temperature on the rate of cell growth

of microorganisms:microorganism growth occurs at

temperatures in the range (between

minimum and maximum temperature) forabout 30 0C.

Speed slow the growth of microorganismsincreases as the temperature increases untilit reaches a maximum growth rate.

Above the maximum temperature, the growthrate decreases rapidly with increasing

temperature.


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AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN

Based on the need of oxygen,

microorganisms can be divided into:

aerobic (requiring oxygen)

anaerobic (not requiring oxygen) Facultative anaerobes (requiring / not

requiring oxygen)

Micro Aerofilik (requiring oxygen bit)

biocatalyst dwi

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