biochemical responses induced by sub lethal concentrations of … · 2017. 8. 17. · biochemical...

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202

Vol. 4(10), 52-56, October (2015) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.

International Science Congress Association 52

Biochemical Responses Induced by Sub lethal Concentrations of Carbaryl

and Parathion on Certain Enzymes of Fresh Water Catfish Clarias batrachus

(Linn.)

Ajaz Ahmad Rather Department of Zoology, PMB Gujrati Science College Indore, Devi Ahliya University, Indore, M.P, INDIA

Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 30th July 2015, revised 28th August 2015, accepted 15th September 2015

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to determine the effect induced by carbaryl and parathion at sub lethal concentrations

for 28 days on biochemical parameters including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate

pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) enzyme activity of catfish, Clarais batrachus (Linn.). The sub lethal concentration were 0.5

ml (1/5 of LC50) of Carbaryl, and 0.09 ml (1/5 of LC50) of parathion for which the fish were exposed at different time

intervals 7,14, 21 and 28 days. The present study showed statistically significant increase value in serum glutamate

oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) level.

Keywords: Carbaryl, parathion, Clarais batrachus, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT).

Introduction

Carbamate and organophosphate pesticides are used widely for

agricultural and residential applications as insecticides and

fungicides. The use of pesticides has resulted in increased crop

production and has raised concerns about potential adverse

effects on the environment and human health. Owing to their

toxic effects on non_target organisms many pesticides may

produce serious detrimental effects on ecosystem1. The water

that runs through agricultural areas has high probability of being

contaminated by runoff and ground water leaching by a variety

of chemicals. The principal hazards of insecticides residues in

water are twofold; large number of aquatic invertebrates and

fish are killed or the residues may get accumulated in tissues of

these organism. Among aquatic organisms fishes are the main

and best source of food, so it is essential to secure the health of

fishes2.

Numerous biochemical indices of stress have been proposed to

assess the health of non-target organism exposed to toxic

chemicals in aquatic ecosystem3. The toxicity of carbamate and

organophosphate pesticides results inhibition of acetyl

cholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme of the nervous system.

The inhibition causes an accumulation of acetylcholine in

synapses with disruption of the nerve functions, which can

result in death4.

Material and Methods

The active and healthy specimens of freshwater catfish, Clarias

batrachus were selected and acclimatized to laboratory

conditions for two weeks prior to experimentation. Fishes were

kept in 0.2% KMnO4 to get rid-off any dermal infection. The

dechlorinated water used was changed every alternate day. The

feeding was stopped 24 hours prior to the exposure period. One

set of fishes was maintained as control besides experimental

group in tap water. The weight and length of the experimental

animals varied between 100 – 130g and 16 – 20 cm

respectively. The experiment was conducted in ten aquariums

two were used for control and other aquaria used for the

pollution study. The experimental fishes were exposed to sub-

lethal concentration 0.5 ml of Carbaryl and 0.09 ml of parathion

separately at different time intervals 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The

LC50 of Carbaryl and parathion was calculated by probit

analysis of Finney5. Blood from the experiment and control

groups was collected from the cut caudal vein into the plain

sterilized glass centrifuge tubes. The blood was used for the

biochemical estimation of serum glutamate oxaloacetate

transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate

transaminase (SGPT) by Reitman and Franket method (1957).

The experimental data were analyzed by student’s test for

determining the significance of the changes from control.

Results and Discussion

Clarias batrachus exposed to concentrations of 0.5 ml of

Carbaryl and 0.09 ml of parathion separately exhibit many

biochemical alterations have been summarized in tables.

Discussion: Effect of carbaryl and parathion on serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT): The serum

glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (IU/L) in the experimental

animals after carbaryl and parathion sub lethal intoxication

shows an increasing trend at different time intervals (7, 14, 21

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202



and 28 days). The elevated level of SGPT is due to cellular

impermeability, hepatocellular damage in liver ultimately

caused liver necrosis which leads to extensive liberation of

SGPT in the blood serum of Clarias batrachus.

Rising level of SGOT shows damage to the cells of heart as

myocardial infarction (heart attack) liver necrosis, cirrhosis,

muscular dystrophy and brain injury. After the toxic stress of

carbaryl and parathion fish enzyme SGOT level significantly

increased due to damage of hepatocytes. It might be possible

due to myocardial damage in heart or due to cellular degradation

caused by the toxicant that leads to liberation of SGOT in higher

level in blood of Clarias batrachus.

Present finding gain support with the finding of Mukhopadhyay

and Dehadrai6 noticed various biochemical changes as SGOT in

Clarias batrachus under Malathion stress. Verma et al.7

explained alteration in the level of serum transaminase due to

thiotox, DDVP and carbofuran in Mystus vittatus. Tewari and

Reddy8 explained SGOT increased level in Heteropneustes

fossilis blood due to starvation. It may be altered metabolic

pathways and enormous release of enzymes in blood.

Table-1

Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase content of Clarias batrachus

exposed to sub lethal concentration of carbaryl

Biochemical

parameter

Control

groups

Range Mean

± S.Em.

Exposure in days

7 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

14 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

21 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

28 days range Mean ±

S.Em.

SGOT (IU/L)

81.70 – 87.90

84.50± 1.24

86.20 – 92.50

88.30± 1.29NS

87.20 – 95.60 89.50 – 101.30 88.30 – 103.45

90.20± 1.67* 93.30 ± 2.37** 96.30± 3.17***

SGPT (IU/L)

64.90 – 70.10 68.20 – 75.40 70.20 – 78.50 72.50 – 84.50 73.30 – 87.40

67.30± 1.10 71.60± 1.42NS

73.20± 1.80* 76.40± 2.50** 79.40± 2.90***

Results are expressed as ± S.Em. NS = Non-significant at p > 0.05; * = Significant at p < 0.05; ** = Highly significant at p <

0.01; *** = Very highly significant at p < 0.01

Figure-1

Biochemical estimation of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (IU/L) after carbaryl intoxication in experimental

fish Clarias batrachus




Figure-2

Biochemical estimation of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (IU/L) after carbaryl intoxication in experimental fish

Clarias batrachus

Table-2

Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase content of Clarias batrachus

exposed to sub lethal concentration of parathion

Biochemical

parameter

Control groups

Range Mean

± S.Em.

Exposure in days

7 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

14 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

21 days range

Mean ± S.Em.

28 days range Mean ±

S.Em.

SGOT (IU/L)

82.90 – 88.60

85.60± 1.26

88.10 – 93.90

89.30± 1.32NS

89.10 – 97.40 91.50 – 105.30 94.30 – 109.35

92.20± 1.72* 94.90 ± 2.47** 98.10± 3.37**

SGPT (IU/L)

62.80 – 69.90 69.50 – 77.10 73.00 – 79.80 75.60 – 87.50 79.50 – 89.10

66.40± 1.02 73.20± 1.5NS

75.46± 1.85* 78.40± 2.80*** 84.60± 3.10***

Results are expressed as ± S.Em., NS = Non-significant at p > 0.05; * = Significant at p < 0.05, ** = Highly significant at p <

0.01; *** = Very highly significant at p < 0.01

Yang and Chen9 reported significant increase in carp SGOT

level due to toxic stress. It may reveal possible leakage of

enzymes across damaged plasma membranes or increased

synthesis of enzymes by the liver. Nayaka et al10

depicted

SGOT higher level in rohu after α -permethrin. Das et al.11

noted increased level of SGOT and other organ of Cirrhinus

mrigala under ammonia stress. Jee and Kang12

find higher level

of SGOT in Korean rock fish due to Cypermethrin toxicity. Min

and Kang13

suggested that benomyl stress lead to greater

increases in GOT level of Nile tilapia and Oreochromis

niloticus.

Effect of carbaryl and parathion on serum glutamate

pyruvate transaminase (SGPT): The serum glutamate

pyruvate transaminase (IU/L) in the experimental animals after

carbaryl and parathion sub lethal intoxication shows an

increasing trend at different time intervals (7, 14, 21 and 28

days). Goel and Maya14

explained SGPT increased level due to

liver damage due to rogor stress. Revathi et al.15

resulted

increment in GPT level of S. mossambicus under temephos.

Rehulka and Minarik16

reported increment in ALT level in

rainbow trout after deltamethrin toxicity, indicate tissue

damage. Bhattacharya et al.17

resulted ALT activities increased

in both tissues (liver and kidney) in fish Rosy barbs exposed to

the highest concentration of CCl4.

International Research Journal of Biological Sciences _

Vol. 4(10), 52-56, October (2015)

International Science Congress Association

Biochemical estimation of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (IU/L) after parathion intoxication in

Biochemical estimation of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (IU/L) after parathion intoxication in experimental

Velisek et al.

18 explained mark increment in ALT due to

Cypermethrin may be tissue impairment in rainbow trout.

Borges et al.19

also find increment in ALT level due to

cypermethrin stress in Rhandia quelen. Gautam

SGPT higher level in Channa punctatus se

stress; it is possible due to liver damage. Zaki et

ALT increment in T. nilotica due to potassium permanganate. It

78.0

80.0

82.0

84.0

86.0

88.0

90.0

92.0

94.0

96.0

98.0

100.0

Control

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

Control

Ser

um

Glu

tam

ate

Ox

alo

acet

ate

Tra

nsa

min

ase

(IU

/L)

Ser

um

Glu

tam

ate

Py

ruv

ate

Tra

nsa

min

ase

(IU

/L)

Sciences ________________________________________________

International Science Congress Association

Figure-3


experimental fish Clarias batrachus

Figure-4


fish Clarias batrachus

explained mark increment in ALT due to

Cypermethrin may be tissue impairment in rainbow trout.

also find increment in ALT level due to

cypermethrin stress in Rhandia quelen. Gautam et al.20

reported

serum under Nuvan

stress; it is possible due to liver damage. Zaki et al.21

resulted

due to potassium permanganate. It

is caused due to degeneration of hepatocytes cells of live.

Conclusion

In the present study after sub lethal

parathion on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus (linn.) shows

increasing trend of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase

7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days

7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days

Exposure in days

NS

*

**

Exposure in days

NS * ***

____________ ISSN 2278-3202

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.

55



is caused due to degeneration of hepatocytes cells of live.

In the present study after sub lethal exposure of carbaryl and

parathion on fresh water fish Clarias batrachus (linn.) shows

increasing trend of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase

28 days

28 days

**

***




(SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT)

after different time intervals due to pesticide intoxication which

leads to hepatocellular destruction causing liver necrosis,

myocardial damage, cellular impermeability which leads to

liberation of SGOT and SGPT in the blood serum of Clarias

batrachus

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biochemical responses induced by sub lethal concentrations of … · 2017. 8. 17. · biochemical...

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