biochemistry and water test review. the subatomic particles, charges and where they are found...
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Biochemistry and Water Test Review
The Subatomic Particles, Charges and Where They are Found
Protons Electrons NeutronsPositive + Negative - NeutralIn Nucleus Around
Nucleus---Electron Shell/Cloud
In Nucleus
Why do unstable atoms bond?
To fill outer shells so they can become STABLE..
Difference between Bonds
COVALENT---SHARE electrons---
IONIC—1 atom loses an electron (OXIDATION) 1 atom gains an electron (REDUCTION)
Most Likely to form an IONIC bond---Na or Cl
WATERWhy is it Polar?
Because when it bonds….Oxygen holds electron more so it becomes slightly NEGATIVEHydrogen becomes slightly POSITIVE
But OVERALL the molecule has NO CHARGE
WATERUniversal Solvent
Because of its Polarity/Charges---It attracts other Polar molecules breaking them
apart---Dissolving themNo substance can cause WATER to break apart
WATER3 Properties based on Hydrogen Bonds:
a. Cohesive---stick to each otherb. Adhesive—sticks to other molecules
c. Capillary Action---moving through tubes as a liquid
Organic CompoundsALL Organic Compounds MUST have
Carbon----HydrogenC-H
All About the ENZYMESOrganic Compound-----PROTEIN
Scientists Consider it---BIOLOGICAL CATALYST
Active Site---the place on the ENZYME where the Substrate attaches and the reaction takes place.
Substrate– the compound that the enzyme works on to make a new product.
All About the ENZYMESWhen something else than the substrate attaches
—It will inhibit the enzyme from working or
working properly
What happens when the temperature goes up?The enzyme does not work..because
temperature changes its shape…shape allows it to work properly
Monomers and PolymersMonomers—Also known as a Building Block or a
Subunit of an organic molecule/compound1 unit of an organic molecule
Polymers– Many MONOMERS bonded togetherForm Macromolecules
Dehydration Synthesis AKA CondensationVs.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration---when 2 monomers bondto create a polymer---water is removed
Hydrolysis---when a polymer is broken down into monomers---water is added
Soluble vs Insoluble
Soluble---dissolves in water because it is Polar(charged) and attracted to water
Insoluble—does not dissolve in water because it is NONPOLAR(not charged) and not attracted to
water
Metabolism AND Homeostasis
Metabolism---sum of all chemical processes in the body
Homeostasis– an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment
Ex pH and Temperature
Cell Membrane Molecule made of CH2(lipid) and phosphate?
Phospholipid
Function:To allow things in and out of cell
Organic Molecule Info:Carbohydrates
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks---Glucose (monosaccharides)
Main Function:SHORT Term energy
Soluble or Insoluble---MOST Soluble
Examples---Cellulose, Starch
Organic Molecule Info:Lipids
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks---Fatty acids
Main Function:LONG Term energy and Insulation
Soluble or Insoluble---Insoluble
Examples---Fats, oils
Organic Molecule Info:Proteins
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks---Amino Acids
Main Function:Transport nutrients,
support,defense,motion,regulation,metabolism,
Soluble or Insoluble---MOST soluble
Examples---Collagen, Hemoglobin
Organic Molecule Info:Nucleic Acid
Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks---Nucleotide
Main Function:Building Blocks of Heredity
Soluble or Insoluble---Soluble
Examples---DNA, RNA
Know the Following Molecules and Their Structures:
WATER
PROTEIN
Know the Following Molecules and Their Structures:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Constructive ResponseGeneral Composition of a Protein
Elements: C, H, O, N
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Building Block/Monomers:Amino Acids
Constructive ResponseDifference Between Protein and Carbs
PROTEIN CarbohydratesElements: Elements:C, H, O, N C,H,OCarbon, Hydrogen, Carbon, HydrogenOxygen and Nitrogen Oxygen
Building Block/Monomers: Building Blocks/MonomersAmino Acids Glucose/Monosaccharides
Constructive ResponseDifference Between Protein and Carbs Functions
PROTEIN CarbohydratesSupport SHORT term energyTransport StructureMetabolism ProtectionRegulationDefenseMotion