Crawford University STUDENTS’ HANDBOOK

(2011 - 2013)

BIOCHEMISTRY

PROGRAMME

Biochemistry

Published by:

A Publication of Crawford UniversityP.M.B. 2001, Crawford UniversityKm 8 Ota – Atan - Agbara RoadFaith City, Igbesa, Ogun StateNigeria

College Colour: Gold

Cover Designed and Printed by:Mustard Communications10, Adeoye Fafore st. PAB Bus StopIkotun, Idimu Rd. Lagos. NigeriaEmail: samdaodu@gmail.com. Tel: 08033304269.

Copyright ©CRU March 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PageTitle page i

Copyright page and Publication History ii Table of Contents iii

Biochemistry

Addresses iv Objectives of the University v Visitor and Principal Officers of the University vii Foreword viii Officers of the College ix HOD’s Remarks x General Information 1 Department 46

Biochemistry

ADDRESSESRequests for information regarding the University should be sent to:The Registrar: Crawford University Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State.Postal Address: P.M.B. 2001, Igbesa, Ogun State,NigeriaWebsite: www.crawforduniversity.edu.ng

e-mail: vc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng registrar@crawforduniversity.edu.ng dean-conas@crawforduniversity.edu.ng hod-biosc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng hod-physicalearthsc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng hod-cit@crawforduniversity.edu.ng

Telephone: Vice-Chancellor: 08056697800 Registrar: 08056697802 Deputy Vice-Chancellor: 08056697805 Dean’s Office: 08056697803 Academic Planning Unit: 08131183200 Public Relation and Information Unit: 08035456352

University P.R.O. 07054779136 Telephone Room: 08065296600

Biochemistry

OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITYCrawford University, was established in 2005. Seven years after, the University is manifesting the dream of its founding father, put together in form of the objectives of the University, to meet the peculiar needs of Ogun State.The objectives of the University are:To give the opportunity of acquiring higher education to qualified candidates without discrimination as to race, nationality, creed, religion, sex or political conviction.To form the apex of the educational system of the State, to provide facilities for learning, and to give instruction and training in such branches of knowledge as the University may desire to foster, and in doing so, to enable students obtain the advantage of liberal education;To promote, by research and other means, the advancement of knowledge and its practical application in social, cultural, economic, scientific and technological problems;To encourage the advancement in general, and to provide the opportunity for acquiring higher and liberal education;To act as a vehicle of development in general, and, in particular, to act as an instrument to effectively stimulate the development of the State through continuing education, applied research, technical assistance, direct consultation, informational services and internship programs; and community service.To provide innovative educational programmes of high standard, regardless of the nature of the degree being pursued, as this has importance and relevance for State and National development;

To provide ready access for citizens of the State in particular to higher education, regardless of social origin or income;To meet the specific manpower needs of the State;To serve as a creative custodian, promoter and propagator of the State’s social and cultural heritage and resources;To undertake undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Arts, and Social Sciences, Education, Science, Engineering, Technology and Environmental Design, Management Sciences and Basic Medical Sciences

Biochemistry

To enhance educational opportunities for Ogun State indigenes and; to undertake any other activities appropriate for a University of the highest standard. To incorporate Godly virtues into the learning processes in the university.

Biochemistry

VISITOR AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY

VISITORRev. Emmanuel Adebayo Adeniran

District Superintendent, Apostolic Faith Mission West and Central Africa Headquarters, Lagos.

CHANCELLORChief Oludolapo Ibukun Akinkugbe CON

PRO-CHANCELLOR AND CHAIRMAN, GOVERNING COUNCIL

Professor Peter Akinsola Okebukola OFR

VICE-CHANCELLORProfessor Samson Adenola Ayanlaja

B.Sc. (Hons Ibadan), MBA, Ph.D. (Reading), Cert. Irrig. (Israel)

DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLORProfessor Emmanuel Abiodun Fayose

B.Sc,, Ph.D (Wales)

REGISTRARMr. ‘Tunde Oluite Adekoya

B.Sc (Hons), M.I.L.R (Ibadan), M.PP(Ogun), MNIM, AIPM.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANMr. Thomas Akinbayo AdigunB. Sc. (Hons) Ife, MLS. (Ibadan)

BURSARRev. Elijah O. Ajayi

FCA, ACMA.

Biochemistry

Biochemistry

FOREWORDThis is the second edition of the students’ Handbook of the College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State. Nigeria. The College of Natural and Applied Sciences is one of the two Colleges which was established at the inception of the University in October, 2005.

There have been remarkable changes in the staff structure and academic programmes in the College during the past six years of its existence. All these changes have focused on the achievement of the goals and objectives of the University.The first part of the Handbook contains the general information on the organisation/administrative structure of the College, and composition of the Standing Committees, the past and current officers of the College; In addition, there is information on the admission requirements and the regulations governing the award of Bachelor’s Degrees in the College. The second part provides the detailed information on the Department/Teaching Units in the College as regards the course structure (Title/Status/Unit). In addition, the course contents of all courses offered in each degree programmes have been well-documented at each Level as per Semester for each degree programmes.

This Handbook covers the period of five years (2011 – 2013).

Both the students and teachers will find this Handbook as a reference for consultation periodically. It is hoped that the Handbook shall provide a primary source of information about the University and the degree programmes offered in the College.

DEAN, COLLEGE OF NATURAL & APPLIED SCIENCESProf. Rufus Oladiran OkotoreB.Sc, (Ibadan) M.Sc, Ph.D (Dalhousie) MNYAS, FIPAN

Biochemistry

OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE

DEANProf. Rufus Oladiran Okotore

B.Sc,(Ibadan) M.Sc, Ph.D (Dalhousie) MNYAS, FIPAN

COLLEGE OFFICERMrs. Christianah M. Majasan

B.Sc. (Ado-Ekiti)

PERSONAL SECRETARY TO THE DEANMrs. Felicia Aina

NCE, Dip. In Computer Studies

Biochemistry

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Historical Background

The College of Natural and Applied Sciences was established on the inception of the University in October 2005. The decree that established the University academic programmes stipulated the creation of three Departments only; viz. Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Physical and Earth Sciences and Department of Computer Sciences and Information Technology.

Within each Department were to be established other teaching units which were to offer B.Sc. degree programmes. Thus, in the Department of Biological Sciences, the B.Sc degree programmes offered were in Microbiology, Biochemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biochemistry whilst the B.Sc. degree programmes in Physics/Electronics, Industrial Chemistry, and Geology/Mineral Sciences were to be offered in Department of Physical and Earth Sciences. The B.Sc. degree programme in Computer Science and Technology, Information and Communication Technology are offered in the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology.

Based on the above the students were enrolled into the College in October 2005. Unfortunately, some of the B.Sc. degree programmes failed to start due to insufficient students intake. Those that really got started were seven programmes namely:- Microbiology, Biochemistry, Physics/Electronics, Geology, Industrial Chemistry and Computer Science and Technology, Information and Communication Technology. These B.Sc. degree programmes are still in operation till the present day.

Biochemistry

2. Organization/Administrative Structure

The Dean of the College is the administrative Head of the College that exercises general control over the academic and administrative affairs of the College. The Dean is assisted by the Heads of Department in the College, and the College Secretary. The Heads of Department are responsible through the Dean to the Vice-Chancellor for the smooth running of their Departments.

The College Secretary is the Head of all the non-academic staff of the College. He/She is the Secretary to all the College Boards and Committees. He/She also ensures the implementation of their decisions and directives. Also He/She ensures the proper organization of the student records in the Dean’s Office.

Students in the College organize academic and social activities under the aegis of the Students Associations relevant to the academic disciplines in the College. Such association draws its membership from all matriculated students in the particular academic discipline. The Departments also organize career and motivational talks, among other activities, for the students from time to time.

3. College Standing CommitteesThe Board and other Statutory Committees of the College are concerned with the consideration of all academic matters - for example, curriculum development, conduct of examinations and consideration of results, academic staff matters, determination of students’ academic standing and welfare, among other issues that might be brought before them from time to time.

The Boards and the Committees are:a. College Board

Composition“ Vice Chancellor – Chairman

Biochemistry

“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural

and Applied Sciences

“ All Professors in the College of Natural and Applied Sciences

“ Dean of College of Business and Social Sciences or his/her Representative

“ The Librarian or his/her Representative“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –

Secretary

b. College Board of StudiesComposition

“ Vice Chancellor – Chairman“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural

and Applied Sciences

‘’ All Professors in the College of Natural and Applied Sciences

“ All full time members of Academic Staff in the College of Natural and Applied Sciences not below the rank of an Assistant Lecturer

“ One (1) Representative of College of Business and Social Sciences

“ The Librarian or his/her Representative“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –

Secretary

Biochemistry

College Board of Examiners of Natural and Applied SciencesComposition“ Vice Chancellor – Chairman“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural

and Applied Sciences“ All full time members of Academic Staff in the College

of Natural and Applied Sciences not below the rank of a Lecturer II

“ One (1) Representative of College of Business and Social Sciences

“ The Librarian or his/her Representative“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences Secretary

c. College Postgraduate Committee

Composition“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences –

Chairman “ All Heads of Departments in the College“ All Professors in the College“ Coordinators of Postgraduate Programmes in the College“ One Representative of the College on the Postgraduate

School Board“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –

Secretary

d. College Appointments and Promotions (Academic) CommitteeComposition“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences –

Chairman “ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College“ All Professors in the College

Biochemistry

“ Dean of College of Business and Social Sciences or his/her Representative

“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences – Secretary

e. College Finance CommitteeComposition“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences “ One (1) Representative from each Department in the

College“ College Finance Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –

Secretary

f. College Seminars CommitteeComposition“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences‘’ One (1) Representative from each Department

“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences – Secretary

g. College Management CommitteeComposition“ Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences“ All Heads of Departments in the College ‘’ Programme Coordinators“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –

Secretary

Biochemistry

4. Structure of the CollegeThe College has three (3) Departments as listed below:

1. Biological Sciences2. Computer Science and Information Technology3. Physical and Earth Sciences

The following degrees are awarded:1. Biological Sciences

a. B.Sc. Biochemistryb. B.Sc. Microbiology

2. Computer Science and Information Technologya. B.Sc. Computer Science and Technologyb. B.Sc. Information and Communications

Technology3. Physical and Earth Sciences

a. B.Sc. Geology and Mineral Sciencesb. B.Sc. Physics with Electronicsc. B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry

5. PAST AND CURRENT DEANS OF THE COLLEGE1. 2005 – 2006 Prof. M. B. Asokhia2. 2006 – 2007 Prof. C. O. Oluwole Alofe3. 2007 – 2010 April Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore4. 2010-2010 October Prof. Emmanuel A. Fayose5. 2010-2011 May Dr. Gbolagade. D. Gbolagunte (Ag)6. 2011 – Till Date Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore

6. PAST AND CURRENT VICE-DEANS OF THE COLLEGE1. 2009 – 2010 Dr. Gbolagade D. Gbolagunte 7. PAST AND CURRENT OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE1. 2010 – Till Date Mrs. Christianah M. Majasan

8. OFFICE OF THE DEAN

Biochemistry

S/N NAME DESIGNATION QUALIFICATION1. Prof. R. O. Okotore Dean B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. 2. Mrs. Felicia .Y. Aina Personal

SecretaryNCE, Dip. In Computer Studies, WASC

3. Mrs. Bola Ngburuka Clerical Officer NCE, WASC4. Miss. Idorenyin Udoh Clerical Officer WASC5. Mrs. Aina Dosu Cleaner WASC

9. COLLEGE OFFICES/N

NAME DESIGNATION QUALIFICATION

1. Mrs. C. M. Majasan

College Officer / Asst. Registrar

B.Sc. (Ado – Ekiti)

2. Mr. David Osanyinbi

Clerical Officer – Data Processing

Cert. in Computer Studies, WASC

3. Mrs. Bukola Ojo Clerical Officer Grade II, WASC4. Mrs. Bunmi

FariogunAssistant Chief Clerical Officer

NCE, WASC, Diploma in Computer

5. Mrs. Dolapo Fakorede

Clerical Officer -Computer

OND, WASC, Dipl. Computer Studies

6. Miss. Tinuke Abagun

Clerical Officer – Computer

WASC, Diploma in Computer Studies

7. Mr. Anietie Udoaka E.

Clerical Officer – Computer

WASC, Diploma in Computer Studies

8. Mr. Joseph Fashina

Clerical Officer WASC

9. Miss. Omolola Omoniyi

N.Y.S.C B.Sc, WASC

10. Mrs. M. O. Ibeh Chief Clerical Officer

NCE, WASC

11. Mrs. Christianah Clerical Officer WASC12. Mrs. Janet

OmoniyiCleaner J.S.S.3

13. Mrs. Sesan Cleaner WASC

Biochemistry

Akinpelu

10 HEADS OF DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENTS & HEADS1. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Prof. A. W. A. Edwards; B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D2. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Prof. F. A. Forli; B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D3. PHYSICAL AND EARTH SCIENCES Prof. M. B. Asokhia; B.Sc, Ph.D

Biochemistry

11 COLLEGE PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVESPhilosophy

The philosophy underlying the programmes of the college is to produce graduates who are knowledgeable and competent to meet the demands of the world’s technology-driven economy. Today, the study of science whether Natural or Applied has become almost completely integrated, whilst Computer Science / information technology has become a general language of communication across the globe. The curricula of programmes in this College are designed to ensure that every student is empowered with the minimum skills required in Computer Science and Information technology and basic understanding in adjoining fields disciplines in the Sciences.

Objectives1. To produce graduates who have the ability to understand the

basic language of all the disciplines in the sciences and communicate appropriately in the global language of Computer and Information Technology.

2. To produce graduates possessing the intellectual ability to identify and apply the state of art in various scientific disciplines to solve prevailing problems of disease and poverty.

3. To produce graduates who can comprehend, and proffer solutions to the ecological changes in the local environment.

4. To develop in students the potential to apply their knowledge and skills to solve research and theoretical problems in their respective discipline which will ultimately enhance their self-reliance and employment opportunity.

5. To prepare the students for career prospects in agriculture, health care delivery, mineral science, petroleum and oil industry.

12. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS:

Biochemistry

COURSES/

PROGRAMMES

REQ

UIREMENTS

UTME SUBJECTS SPECIAL CONSIDERATION (WAIVER) REMARKS

1. Biochemistry Direct Entry

Two ‘A’ level passes chosen from Chemistry, Mathematics Physics and Biology.NCE/ND/HND in related field plus UTME requirement.

UTME

Five SSCE credit passes in English Language, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Biology.

Biology, Chemistry, Physics or Mathematics.

CRAWFORD accepts merit in own Diploma (credit/upper credit), OND (upper credit) or HND in relevant courses is acceptable. O/L credit in either Physics or Mathematics in addition to ‘A’ level passes in Chemistry and Biology is acceptable.

2. Industrial Chemistry

(i) Two ‘A’ level passes in Chemistry and Mathematics(ii) OND in Science Technology or ND in relevant field with UTME requirements.

Five SSCE credit passes in English Language, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Biology/Agric Science.

Chemistry, Mathematics and any of Physics/Biology/Agric Science.

CRAWFORD accepts Holders of OND (ND) certificate with minimum of upper credit pass are eligible for admission into year II (200 Level) provided that their programme cover certain basic courses offered in the school up to the second year. Holder of HND with minimum of lower credit pass are eligible for admission into year II depending on the appropriateness of their requisite academic.

3. Microbiology (i) Two ‘A’ level passes to include one of Botany, Zoology, Biology or Chemistry.(ii) OND/NCE in related fields.

Five SSCE credit passes to include English Language, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology and any other Science subject.

Biology, Chemistry and Physics or Mathematics.

4. Physics with Electronics

NCE/Two ‘A’ level passes in Physics and Mathematics or Chemistry

NCE/Two ‘A’ level passes in Physics and Mathematics or Chemistry.

Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry or Biology.

5. Geology & Mineral Sciences

(i) Two ‘A’ level passes from Geology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Geography.

Five SSCE credit passes in English Language, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics and any other subject.

Any three of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Biology and Geography

Biochemistry

6. Computer Science and Information Technology

(i) Two A/L Passes in science subjects including Mathematics

(ii) NCE with at least Merit in Mathematics and one other Science or Social Science subject.

(iii) Diploma in Data Processing with at least a merit pass from a recognized University or OND/HND in Data Processing, Engineering and Maths with an overall B grade may be considered. (except in Lagos).

Five SSCE credit passes to include English Language, Maths, Physics plus two other science subjects.

Mathematics, Physics and one of Biology, Chemistry, Agric Science, Economics and Geography.

ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION

An applicant must have completed 12 years pre-tertiary education i.e. someone who has finished six years of Primary School, three of Junior Secondary School (JSS) and three in the Senior Secondary School (SSS) in the Nigerian Educational System or to possess equivalent/superior credentials. In addition, applicants must take the mandatory University Matriculations Examination (UME).

13. REGISTRATION PROCEDURE1. Requirements for Registration

a. Original photocopies of credentialsb. Birth Certificatec. Eight (8) passport photographsd. JAMB Notification of Resultse. University Admission letter

2. Procedure for Course Registration(i) All students should note that Registration of courses

commence on resumption for each semester. Students are therefore expected to register twice in a session. i. e. at the beginning of each semester.

Biochemistry

(ii) After the payment of school fees, students should proceed to the Bursary with proof of bank payment for a pin code for on-line registration.

(iii) Students are expected to collect registration forms from Department the and then complete on consultation with the course adviser. Thereafter, the forms are forwarded to the Edu - Portal for proper documentation.

(iv) Students are allowed a maximum of seven (7) weeks for registration and an additional two (2) weeks for late registration.

(v) Any student that fails to register within this period ceases to be a bonafide student of Crawford University.

3. Add and Delete of CoursesAny student wishing to delete course(s) will be allowed to do so within the first nine (9) weeks of registration. Any student wishing to add additional course(s) will be allowed to do so within the first seven (7) weeks of registration for both first and second semester.

14. REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF BACHELOR’S DEGREE (FULL TIME)(A)A programme of study shall be provided leading to a Bachelor’s

degree to be denoted by the letters B.Sc (or such other abbreviation as Senate may approve from time to time) which may be awarded with honours or as a pass degree. The programme normally extends over a period of three or four academic years, depending on the student entry qualifications as follows:

Biochemistry

1. i. Three years for direct entry candidate with prescribed GCE Advanced Level. Crawford Foundations students or equivalent admitted to the 200 levelii. Four years for students with WASC, GCE, Ordinary or equivalent qualifications, admitted to the 100 level.

2. i. A full-time student is one who carries not less than the minimum load stipulated in the Collegeii. The minimum duration for graduation for a four-year programme is a period of 8 semesters and 6 semesters for three-year programme; while the maximum length of time required in the College shall not be more than 12 semesters for the four year programme and 10 semesters for the three-year programme.iii. The maximum load permissible per semester is 27 credit units whilst the minimum load is 18 credit units for full-time studentship.iv. The Dean may on behalf of the College Board permit students in exceptional cases to carry less than the minimum load or more than the maximum load, upon the recommendation by the Head of Department.

(B) Graduation Requirements

To be eligible for the award of a degree in the B.Sc. degree Programmes, a student must obtain a stipulated minimum total of units for a three-year programme or a maximum total of units for a 4 – year programme as stated in the Table below:-

Biochemistry

Programme Minimum Number of Units

Maximum Number of Units

Microbiology 115 160

Biochemistry 124 158

Geology/Mineral Science 132 197

Industrial Chemistry 136 198

Physics with Electronics 127 177

Computer Science & Technology 114 159

Biochemistry

Information & Communications Technology

114 159

Student Academic StatusA student’s academic status shall be determined on the basis of his performance in the Harmattan and Rain Semester Examination for each of the 100, 200, 300 and 400 levels of the degree programme. The following categorization of student’s status shall be used.

(i) Good standing:To be in good standing, a student must* pass a minimum of 24 units per session and* have a Grade Point Average (GPA) of not less than 1.0

(ii) Probation:i. A student shall be placed on “PROBATION” if;* he/she has not passed a minimum of 24 units for a particular level

* his/her GPA is less than 1.0

ii. The period of probation shall be a maximum of two semestersiii. A student on probation is allowed to register for courses at the

next higher level in addition to his/her probation level courses provided that:

(a)The regulations in respect of student workload are compiled with, and

(b)The pre-requisite courses of the higher level courses have been passed.

Biochemistry

iv. A student on probation who fails to improve on his/her cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 1.0 and 24 units in the subsequent semester, such as to place him/her in good standing shall have another chance, therefore he/she will be asked to withdraw from the University.

Transfer Cases

i. Students who transfer from other Universities shall be credited with only those courses relevant to the programme of the University, which the candidates have already passed. Such students shall however, be required to pass the minimum number of units provided that these students shall spend less than two (2) year (4 semesters in order to earn a degree of the University.

ii. Students who transfer from one College to another within the University for any reason shall be credited with those units passed that are within the curriculum of the receiving College.

COURSE ADMINISTRATION AND ASSESSMENT(A) Courses and Units

i.A course unit is a series of is one hour lectures or tutorials or an equivalent combination of this type of instruction. No course shall be less than two units and more than six units.

ii. There shall be four levels of courses for the 4 -year degree programme and 3 levels for the 3-year

100 – 199 – (100 level courses) 200 – 299 – (200 level courses) 300- 399 – (300 level courses)

400 – 499 – (400 level courses)

Biochemistry

Course numbers shall be prefixed by a three character course code which designated the academic discipline.

(B) Course Status

The following standard terminologies are used in all units of the Departments to indicate the status of each course.

i. Compulsory: courses specified by a department which students must take and pass.

ii. Required course: A course which a student must register for and pass at 40% before a degree can be awarded but which is not counted towards degree classification e.g. General Studies, Library use.

iii. Elective: courses specified by a department from which a student must take in order to make up the required additional

units for the award of the degree

iv. Pre-requisite: A course for which knowledge is essential prior to taking another specified courses. A pre-requisite requirement is fulfilled by completing and passing the pre- requisite courses which may also be waived for suitably qualified candidates by the College Board on the recommendation of the Department.

v. Audited course: A course which the student attends but in which he/she is not examined.

(C) Course Assessment

i. All courses shall normally be evaluated by examinations and Continuous Assessment shall be done through essay and tests.

Biochemistry

ii. Scores from Continuous Assessment shall constitute 30% of the final marks for courses.

(D) Examinationsi. Each course shall normally be completed and examined

at the end of the Semester in which it is offered.

ii. A written examination shall last a maximum of three hours for three units of courses and minimum of two hours for two units of course.

(E) Conduct during Examinationi. Candidates must be seated at least 15 minutes before the

commencement of each examination. Thereafter, no candidates will be allowed into the examination room except at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator. Candidates will not normally be allowed to leave the examination room. Outside these periods, candidates may leave the room temporarily only if accompanied by an attendant.

ii. Candidates shall not be allowed to take into the examination room or have in their possession during the examination, any book or paper, mobile phone, printed or written document (whether relevant to the examination or not).

iii. Any proven attempt made by candidate directly or indirectly to influence the process of examination or any part therefore with a view to obtaining undue advantage shall lead to the candidate’s disqualification from the whole examination.

Biochemistry

iv. Silence shall be maintained throughout the period of examination and communication among the candidates will not be allowed.

v. Candidates shall comply with all instructions set out in the examination answer booklet or other examinations materials. They shall also comply with all instructions given to them by the invigilators.

vi. Whenever there is an alleged examination malpractice, the candidates involved shall be required to make a signed statement immediately. Failure to comply shall constitute a serious offence and lead to disqualification from the examination and any other disciplinary action deemed appropriate. A proven case of examination malpractice may lead to dismissal from the University.

vii. Candidates must present themselves to all University examinations for which they have been duly registered. Candidates who fail to do so for reasons other than illness or accident attested to by the Chief Medical Officer or the University shall be deemed to have scored Zero in that examination.

(F) Pass – Mark The minimum pass-mark in any course shall be 40%, (for Prerequisite purpose, 35% is the specified minimum).

(G) Grading System: Grading of courses shall be done by a combination of percentage marks and letter grades translated into graduated system of grade point equivalent. For the purpose of determining a student’s standing.

Biochemistry

At the end of every session, and for the final degree classification, Grade Point Average (GPA) system shall be calculated, that is:

GPA = TCP/TNU

Where TCP (GP x Unit)TNU (Total Units of courses taken), TCP (Total Cumulative Point

Each course unit shall be graded out of a maximum of 100 marks and assigned appropriate letter grade point equivalent as in the following table:

MARKSLETTER GRADE GRADE POINT

70 AND ABOVE A 5

60 – 69 B 4

50 – 59 C 3

Biochemistry

45 – 49 D 2

40 – 44 E 1

0 - 39 F 0

(H) Presentation of ResultsResult from the Department shall be presented to and considered by the College Board of Examiners at the end of each semester. The standard format approved by Senate shall be used. The approved results shall be forwarded through the Head of Department and Dean to the University Exams & Records Division for processing.

(I) Classification of DegreeThe determination of the class of degree shall be based on the Cumulative Grade Point Average at the 100, 200, 300 and 400 levels, the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be determined at the end of each semester taking into consideration, all the courses so offered, and approximated to 2 decimal places.

The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be used for the determination of the class of degree according to the following ranges:

Biochemistry

CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE

4.50 – 5.00 First Class Honours

3.50 – 4.49 Second Class Upper 2.40 – 3.49 Second Class Lower

1.50 – 2.39 Third Class

1.0 – 1.49 Pass

16. COUNSELLING

Student’s counseling is an important activity of the Departments, which is aimed at ensuring academic success for all the students. Students are normally attached to a lecturer who is regarded as a senior partner for the success of the students. The lecturer is referred to as the Level Coordinator/Adviser. He/she is responsible to the entire students for that level in each department.

17. INFORMATION MEDIUM

(i) Information meant for students are normally pasted on the notice boards. It is the responsibility of students to go to these boards regularly to ensure that they keep abreast of the happenings in the Department and College as regards their programme in the University. The Department and College would therefore not be responsible for negligence on the part of the students for failing to comply with any directives of the departments or its units given through the medium of the notice boards.

(ii) Students’ Colloquium and Parents Forum

Biochemistry

The University Management holds a ‘Students Colloquium’ at least once every semester for both students and lecturers. This is an interactive session that touches on all aspects of student life; that is welfare, student behavior, dressing and attendance at church services and other related activities. In addition, the Parent Forum holds regular meetings at least twice in a session to discussmatters related to the welfare of their wards the good governance, and progress of the University at large.

18. DISCIPLINE

The College does not take kindly to acts of indiscipline on the part of students. Degrees are awarded for deserving student by the Departments having been found worthy in character and in learning.

Acts such as insubordination acts of violence or any behaviour that borders on disrespect to the constituted authority of the University are treated with utmost seriousness and appropriate punishment given, when guilty. Students are, therefore, advised to take their studies seriously and obey regulations.

19. GENERAL STUDIES PROGRAMME

All students of the University are required to pass the General Studies Programme courses (GST) as a condition for graduation.The General Studies Courses are University based. These include: Use of English/Library and Information Sources; Introduction to logic and philosophy, Music Appreciation. These (GST) courses are compulsory for all students irrespective of their level of admission. This also applies to students transferring from other Universities.

(i) Entrepreneurial Development Studies (EDS)

Based on the Federal Government directives to all Nigerian

Biochemistry

Universities, the University has introduced two courses on Entrepreneurship. These courses pertain to both theoretical and practical aspects of Entrepreneurship and are taken by students at the 200 Level and 300 Level in the College.

20. CODE OF CONDUCTAll students, be they freshmen or returning, are required to sign the CRU code of conduct at the beginning of every session.Without prejudice to existing rules and regulations, this code of conduct shall guide the behavior of students in the university.

1. All secret cults, confraternities and similar organizations in the university are illegal. Any students of the university found to be member, sponsor, or patron of such organization shall be liable to expulsion from the University.

2. The possession, carrying or use of arms and dangerous weapons by the students on campus is illegal and any student found to possess, carry or use such weapon shall be dismissed from the university

3. Any student who threatens or in any way endangers the life of any students or members or staff or engages in physical fight on campus shall be liable to strict disciplinary action, which may lead to expulsion. Students should in addition note and are reminded that causing bodily harm, rape and threat to life are criminal offences and will be reported to the police.

4. Consumption and use of alcoholic beverages and liquor on campus by students are prohibited and any student caught using and consuming such beverages and liquor shall face disciplinary action.

5. All students, organizations, societies, clubs and association are to be registered with the Students’ Affairs division with three copies of their constitution and a list of the names of their executive members, staff advisers, patrons and sponsors.

6. Students are also reminded that suspension from University is suspension from participation in academic activity. Suspended student who continues to attend or attempts to attend academic

Biochemistry

lectures or course or participate in any other students’ activities on campus while suspension is still in force shall be summarily expelled from the University

7. No mosque, church or any house of prayer or worship on the campus shall be used as residence or for residential purposes by any student. Any such building known or used as a residence or for residential purposes shall be closed forthwith.

8. (a). The use of all Auditoria on campus shall be subject to obtaining a written approval.(b). All forms of students’ social activities that involve drumming and singing should be restricted to the students arcade.

9. Any student found defacing the University walls, posters and other University property, disrupting academic activities for whatever reason and taking over the work of the security officers by locking the gate or hijacking vehicles will be liable for severe disciplinary action, which may lead to suspension or expulsion depending on the severity of such misconduct.

10. All posters and handbills for distribution by students must be cleared and approved by Students’ Affair before distribution; any contravention may lead to suspension .

11. Any student on probation for two consecutive periods shall be asked to withdraw from the University. Students on probation would not be considered for inter-faculty transfer.

12. Any interference on matters of discipline from whatever quarters shall be resisted.

13. There must be strict adherence to a well-defined official line of communication between students and the University authorities.

14. All religious activities including drumming and singing should be restricted to the Chapel or Mosque.

15. Until further notice, no social and religious activities on the University Campus should extend beyond 6.00p.m.

16. As much as the University respects freedom and appreciates the maturity of our students with regards to mode of dressing and comportment on the campus, indecent and sexually provocative dresses are not allowed. Students not properly dressed are

Biochemistry

normally disallowed access to lecture halls, the library and other official places. Lecturers and the official of the university have the right to deny attention at offices or admission into lecture or examination halls to students not properly or decently dressed.

17. All students are requested to report any infractions or contravention of any of these rules or any other University rules or regulations either to:(i) The Registrar(ii) Dean of students’ Affairs and /or(iii) University Security Agents

21. EXAMINATIONS

Examination MalpracticesThe department frowns seriously at any act of examination malpractice. The penalty for examination malpractice is expulsion.Approved Procedure for the Re-Assessment of Examination Script The complainant will submit in writing an application for re-marking to the Head of Department clearly stating the reasons in writing and copy the Vice-Chancellor and the Dean of the college. Student will then pay a prescribed fee N1, 000 for a re-assessment. The Head of Department conducts a discrete investigation into the request and takes one of the following actions:

i) Advises the student to drop the request if he finds no substance in it.

ii) Where a complainant is dissatisfied with advice of the head of Department in (i) above, the following procedure will operate

iii) The complainant pays the sum of N3,000 to the Universityiv) Makes the request for remarking to the Dean of the College

through the Head of Department clearly stating his/her reasons in writing.

v) Depending on the prevailing circumstances, the remarking could be undertaking by the head of Department or any other lecturer who could make professional judgment on the

Biochemistry

course being remarked and on the lecturer. The Dean, in consultation with the Head of the Department or any other suitably qualified person, sends a sample representing the spread of the grades in the course together with the questions and making scheme to external examiner or any other expert in the subject who is not lower in rank than the internal examiner. The decision to the external examiner shall be final and the Dean shall report the outcome of the exercise to the Vice-Chancellor.

Any disciplinary action that might arise from a request for a re-marking shall be treated according to existing regulations governing such matters.

Re-sit ExaminationThere shall be NO RESIT EXAMINATION in any course offered. However, students may retake the course after they have attended lectures at the next available opportunity.

22. STUDENTS’ RESPONSIBILITIESIt is the responsibility of each student to ensure the following:

(a) Prompt registration at the beginning of each semester(b) Regular attendance at lectures(c) Quick response to official calls(d) Completion of all academic assignments(e) Effective use of the library and studying at his/her convenience(f) Close relationship with his or her level adviser(g) Good preparation and success in all examinations(h) Compliance with all rules and regulations of the university(i) Eschew all acts that can lead to suspension or expulsion from

the university. Some of such serious acts are joining cult and examination malpractice.

To this end, students should know that their success or failure depends on how they are able to manage their resources and comport themselves in the university.23. STAFF OFFICE HOURS

Biochemistry

Lecturers in the department keep office hours that are displayed on the door of each academic staff.ACADEMIC REGULATIONSTHE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF A DEGREE

ACADEMIC INFORMATION

Crawford University runs the course unit system (cus). This simply means the way courses offered in the University is quantified in units as well as the quantification of an academic session into semesters. each academic session is divided into two semesters. These are: Harmattan semester and Rain semester each semester consists of 15 teaching weeks and 2 weeks of examinations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM (CUS)The CUS is an operational system in which the entire programme of courses required by a student for a particular Degree is packaged into a number of modules each consisting of a prescribed number of credits. Usually one module is to be offered in one semester.Thus, the student’s workload in a semester is defined in terms of credits where one credit represents one hour of lecture or one hour of tutorials or two to four hours of practical work per week throughout the semester, normally of fifteen weeks’ duration. Depending on the programme, a degree programme is normally packed into eight or ten modules of courses for students coming through the University Matriculation Examination (U.M.E) and less for those coming by direct entry or transfer.

MECHANISM OF THE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM (CUS)(i) Registration for coursesThis is normally at the beginning of each semester. Each department appoints an Adviser for each student whose duty it is to monitor the student’s academic progress and advise him/her appropriately as to how

Biochemistry

many units he/she should register for in that semester. The University regulations for a semester stipulate a minimum of 15 credits and a maximum of 24 credits for full time studentship.The average number of credits (or workload) is about 20. Other regulations governing registration such as the late registration and penalty may be obtained from the Registry.

(ii) Adding and Dropping CoursesA student may withdraw from a course for which he/she has registered without running afoul of regulations on registration and examination only with the approval of the Dean of his/her College. Permission to withdraw from the course must be sought by completing a drop form counter-signed by the course instructor or the Head of Department.

(iii) Continuous Assessment This is a feature of the CUS, which makes it unique. It provides for a continuous evaluation of the students academic performance in a given course. The evaluation may take the form of take-home assignment, tutorials, class tests and quizzes, reports and any such other means as may be appropriate and consistent with the objective and conduct of the course, as determined by the department offering the Course. Assessment of the performance in tests, tutorials etc. will be used in determining the student’s overall grade in the course and constitute 30% or 40 % of the overall grade.

TERMINOLOGYIn order to understand the operation of the CUS, the following are hereby explained.

(i) Semester: A semester is one half of an academic year as determined by Senate.

(ii) Compulsory Course: A compulsory course is a University course which must be registered for and passed by students before obtaining a degree.

(iii) Required Course: A required course is a course which the

Biochemistry

student must register for and pass at 40% before a degree can be awarded but which is not counted towards degree classification e.g. General Studies, Library etc.

(iv) Elective Course: an Elective Course is a course which may be taken to make up the minimum required of units to increase the number of units subject to the prescribed maximum allowed by the Regulations. All electives must also be passed at 40 %.(v) Pre-requisite Course: A course, the knowledge of which is essential, prior to taking another specified course.(vi) Concurrent Course: Specified courses, which must be taken within the same semester(vii) Audited Course: An audited course is a course which the student attends but in which he or she is not examined

EXAMINATIONS AND GRADING SYSTEMThe issue of Examination is a logical follow-up of the discussion of registration. The University has a set of Examination Regulations.

a) Pattern of Examinations: Each course shall be examined at the end of the semester in which it is offered.

b) Measurement of Performance: A student’s performances in the Course shall be measured in terms of:

(a) The scores in the continuous evaluation(b) The results of the prescribed theory and or practical

examinations in the course

LEVELS OF PERFORMANCEThe grades awarded for a course are as follows:Mark Range (%) Letter Grade Interpretation

Biochemistry

70 – 10060 – 6950 – 59 45 – 49 40 - 440 – 39

ABCDEF

Excellent Very GoodGoodSatisfactoryFair onlyFailure

Semester PerformanceA student’s performance in a semester is computed to obtain the Grade Point Average (GPA). This involves the awarding of credit points in respect of each course taken during the semester. To this end, numerical values are attached to the letter grades earlier mentioned as follows:ABCDEF

------

543210

Credit points per unit of courseCredit points per unit of courseCredit points per unit of courseCredit points per unit of courseCredit point per unit of courseCredit point per unit of course

The GPA is obtained as the ratio of the Total Weighted Grade points (TWGP) to the Total Credit Offered (TCO) during the semester. Thus GPA = TWGP ÷ TCOCumulative PerformanceWhile the GPA specified above is used to measure the performance of a student in a given semester, the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is the one that really determines the student’s overall academic standing and therefore, his continued stay or otherwise in the University. It is also the CGPA that is used to classify the Degrees awarded Students in their final year. The CGPA is obtained as the ratio of all the weighted points accumulated since entering the University to the total number of credits units registered for since coming into the University.In other words, CGPA is equal to the Total Credit Point (TCP) divided by the Total Number of Units (TNU) offered thus TCP ÷TNUAll CGPA calculations are to two places of decimal.

Biochemistry

Incomplete GradeWhen for valid reasons, a student is unable to complete all the prescribed requirements for a course in which he/she is formally enrolled, he/she may, on the recommendation of the department concerned, be awarded an incomplete grade. Such a grade shall be removed when the department certifies that all prescribed requirements have been met. But in any case, not later than one semester after the course.Academic ProbationA Student who’s CGPA at the end of semester is less than 1.00 shall be placed on Academic Probation during the subsequent semester.Withdrawal from the UniversityA Student who is on academic probation in a semester and fails to achieve a CGPA of at least 1.00 at the end of the session may be advised to withdraw from the University.Release of Examination ResultsAt the end of each semester, a provisional result of course Examinations shall be published by the College Secretary soon after the ratification of the recommendation of the College Board of Examiners. The Registrar shall publish the final results of the semester Examinations as soon as the Senate has approved them.Repetition of CoursesAny compulsory, elective or required course failed by a student must be repeated until it is passed, or otherwise stated by the regulations. A student may repeat only those courses in which he has obtained a grade of F. The grade earned in a repeated course shall be recorded and used in the computation of the GPA, CGPA in the usual way.Requirements for the Award of a DegreeTo be eligible for the award of a Degree, a candidate must satisfactorily complete the minimum number of credits prescribed for the Degree. He/she must, in addition, complete successfully all compulsory courses as well as the special and free electives for the degree as prescribed. A repeated course

Biochemistry

cannot be counted twice in fulfilling the requirement for minimum number of units.Residency RequirementsTo qualify for a Degree in the University, each candidate shall normally be required to spend a minimum period of three, four or five academic years at Crawford University depending on the programme and mode of entry.

RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF EXAMINATIONSELIGIBILITY

All students who are registered for courses in a given semester are eligible to sit for examinations in those courses except students in the following categories:(i) a student who is absent from the University for upwards

of three weeks without official permission. Such student shall normally be deemed by Senate to have withdrawn from the Course and its examination for that semester,

(ii) a student who fails to attend up to 70 percent of lectures or practical in any course.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATESCandidates shall:

(i) Be admitted into the examination hall only on the production of the University identity card,

(ii) Ensure that he/she acquaints himself/herself with and adheres strictly to the instruction governing examinations in the University, including those printed on the front cover of the examination answer booklets,

(iii) have the full responsibility of ensuring, before the commencement of any examination or test, that nothing incriminating is found on his/her person or on materials he/she legitimately brought into examination hall ,e.g. rulers, four figure tables, etc.,

(iv) Conduct him/herself in an orderly manner and obey all the instructions of the invigilator/examiner,

Biochemistry

(v) Not be engaged in, or attempt any manner of examination malpractice,

(vi) Not go into the examination hall before they are allowed in by the invigilators. They are also advised to keep strictly to the seating arrangement to avoid confusion. No candidate should, under any circumstances, remove chairs arranged in halls used for examination purposes,

(vii) Report at the examination venues punctually at the time scheduled for their papers. Candidates arriving later than half an hour for an examination may be refused entry into the examination hall,

(viii) bring with them to the examination hall their own ink, pen, ruler, eraser and pencil and any material which may be permitted by this regulation (as stated hereunder).They are however, not allowed to bring any books or papers, except those that may be permitted or provided by the Department responsible for the examination being held. Candidates are warned in their own interest to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks, jotters, bags or any other unauthorized materials or aids etc are not brought into the examination hall,

(ix) Not be allowed to be in possession of Mobile Phones or equivalent handsets in the examination hall. While any examination is in progress, no handset should, therefore, be found on any candidate,

(x) Not engage in communication of any kind with one another during the examination. Any candidate found to be giving or receiving irregular assistance shall face disciplinary action,

(xi) Observe silence in the examination hall. The only permitted way of attracting the attention of the invigilator is for the candidate to raise his/her hand,

(xii) Not use scrap paper. Rough work must be done in the answer booklet, crossed neatly through and submitted along with the answer booklet/script,

Biochemistry

(xiii) Bring their own mathematical or drawing instruments. Personal copies of Mathematical Table will not be allowed in the examination hall (see Regulation 2.18 on the use of calculator),

(xiv) Use their Matriculation number for the examination and not names,

(xv) Before handing in their answer scripts at the end of the examination, satisfy themselves that they have inserted, at the appropriate place, their Matriculation numbers and the numbers of the questions answered, except for the question paper and any other materials they may have legitimately brought with them. Candidates are not allowed to remove or mutilate any paper or materials supplied by the University,

(xvi) Not normally be permitted to leave the examination hall during the first and last 30 minutes of any examination,

(xvii) At the end of an examination remain seated while invigilators go from row to row to collect answer scripts, and

(xviii) Be required to sign against their Matriculation Number on the Attendance Register at the beginning of the examination and when submitting the answer booklet/script.

USE OF CALCULATORS(i) For examinations in certain courses, the use of electronic

calculators is permitted, but the calculators must be non-programmable. Only one calculator shall be allowed per candidate. Organizers are not permitted.

(ii) The calculator must be small (hand-held) and battery operated.

(iii) A candidate must not borrow another candidate’s calculator during an examination. The responsibility for correct operation of the calculator rests with the candidate alone.

Biochemistry

(iv) Instruction manuals, organizers, calculator packets and containers are forbidden in the examination halls. Invigilators and Examinations Assistants shall confiscate them whenever and wherever they are discovered in the examination halls.

(v) Calculators must be switched off on entry into the examination room and can only be turned on when ready to be used.

(vi) Candidates shall declare their calculators and make them available for inspection by invigilators on entry into the examination hall.

(vii) Contravention of any of these regulations shall constitute examination malpractice or misconduct.

INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS(i) Invigilators shall normally allow candidates into the Hall

ten (10) minutes before the commencement of the examination and ensure that they sit in an orderly manner in spaces marked according to their Matriculation Numbers. Blank answer booklets and graph papers, where required, shall then be distributed.

(ii) About five (5) minutes before the commencement of the examination, the envelopes containing the question papers shall be opened and the papers distributed face down, while the candidates are warned not to start until they are told to do so.

(iii) At the scheduled time for the commencement of the examination and after the distribution of papers has ended, the Invigilators shall ask the candidates to start, and note the exact time of commencement and the exact time to end the examinations, depending on the amount of time allowed for the various examinations holding in the hall.

(iv) Invigilators shall pass round the candidates the Attendance Registers corresponding to their courses for

Biochemistry

the candidates to fill and sign at the beginning and end of the examination.

(v) Invigilators shall familiarize themselves with instructions to candidates and enforce the rules and regulations contained in these instructions.

(vi) Invigilators shall exercise constant and vigilant supervision over the candidates.

(vii) In any case of examination misconduct by candidates, the Chief Invigilator shall require the candidate(s) concerned to write and sign a statement on the incident, and allow the candidate(s) to proceed with the examination. The Chief Invigilator shall report such cases to the Dean, the Chief Examiner and Head of Department concerned within 24 hours.

(viii) Invigilators shall ensure that candidates bring only authorized materials into the examination hall. Bags, books and other candidates' properties must be left outside the Examination Hall. For this purpose, Invigilators shall inspect the hall after candidates have been seated before the commencement of each examination.

(ix) No candidate may leave the examination hall during the first half-hour of an examination except to go to the rest room or the first-aid room, accompanied by an attendant or Invigilator.

(x) Normally, no candidate shall be admitted after the first half hour of the examination, and no question paper shall be removed from the hall before the first-hour of the examination has elapsed.

(xi) If any candidate finishes his/her paper before the time required, the Chief Invigilator may at his/her discretion allow the candidate to submit his/her answer booklet and depart,

(xii) Invigilators should ensure that silence is maintained in the examination hall. The only way of attracting the

Biochemistry

attention of the invigilator is the candidate to raising his/her hand.

(xiii) Invigilators must warn candidates of the time, 30 minutes and 5 minutes before the close of an examination.

(xiv) At the close of each examination, invigilators should go round to collect from candidates their answer booklets/scripts and check them against the Attendance Register. The candidates should sign the Attendance Register and be allowed to leave.

(xv) The invigilators should enclose the collected answer booklets/ scripts and the corresponding Attendance Registers in the special envelopes provided by the Chief Examiner.

(xvi) The Chief Invigilator should sign and seal the envelopes and submit them to the Chief Examiners concerned.

ABSENCE FROM EXAMINATIONCandidates must present themselves at such University Examinations for which they have registered under these regulations. Candidates who fail to do so for reasons other than ill-health, accident or other exceptional causes shall be deemed to have failed that examination. .Mis-reading of the time-table and such lapses on the part of the candidates shall not be accepted as a satisfactory explanation for absence.A student who falls ill during an examination should report in writing to the Dean of his/her College through his/her Head of Department with a report from the University's Director of the Health Care Unit. A student who is absent from an examination on account of illness confirmed by Medical evidence from the University Health Care may obtain the permission of Senate to make up the examination on another occasion. Otherwise, he/she shall take the regular examination on the following occasion. Approval

Biochemistry

for a make-up examination shall be by Senate on the recommendation of College Board.

EXAMINATION MISCONDUCTExamination Malpractices include:a) Possession of question papers before examination/test or

an attempt to do so,b) Swapping of answer before, during or after examination/test,a) bringing into the examination hall any unauthorized piece(s)

of paper whatsoever,b) tattooing: inscription of answers, hints or codes thereof on

any part of the candidate's body/dress, or in any other manner whatsoever,

c) passing information from one candidate to another in the examination hall,

d) seeking or soliciting any assistance whatsoever from any other student or any other unauthorized person in the examination hall,

e) any disorderly conduct before, during or after any examination or test,

f) pre-arranged sitting pattern by any student or group of students in the examination hall with a view to facilitating unauthorized exchange of information,

g) a candidate arranging with another person to write an examination on his/her behalf,

h) unauthorized possession of the University answer Booklets or attempts thereof,

i) assaulting/manhandling Invigilator and/or attendant,j) any action or inaction of any student in and around the

examination hall, which is inimical to or subversive of the integrity of the university examination process, such as the offences listed above, shall constitute examination misconduct and

k) Offering information/assistance and accepting information/assistance from another student during

Biochemistry

examination is a breach of examination regulations and both carry equal punishments.

HANDLING OF CASES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE(i) Examination misconduct shall be processed through the

Students’ Disciplinary Committee.(ii) The Chief Invigilator shall require the candidates

concerned to write and sign a statement on the incident and allow the candidates to proceed with the examination.

(iii) The Chief Invigilator shall write forward the case to the Chief Seurity Officer who will investigate the case and after investigation, shall forward his recommendation to the Head of Department concerned who will report to the Dean.

(iv) On receiving the report, the Dean shall after writing his own comment shall forward the case to the Vice Chancellor.

(v) At his discretion, the Vice Chancellor may act on the report submitted by the Dean or forward it to the Student Disciplinary Committee for advice.

(vi) At the discretion of the Chief Invigilator, a candidate may be required to leave the examination room when his/her conduct is judged to be disturbing or likely to disturb the examination. The Chief Invigilator shall submit a written report on any such action to the Head of Department and the Dean of his/her College immediately after the end of the examination.

Biochemistry

EXAMINATION OFFENCES AND SANCTIONS Examination offences and sanctions to be imposed are as follows:

S/N Offence Punishment (maximum)Unless otherwise stated

(i) Non-display of ID card Rustication

(ii) Noise making during an examination

Rustication

(iii) Refusal to submit oneself for search by an Invigilator

Rustication for one semester

Biochemistry

(iv) Use of scrap papers with written notes in Examination hall

Expulsion

(v) Irregular possession of the University Answer sheets (Whether used or unused)

Expulsion

(vi) Mutilation or removal of any paper or answer script supplied

Expulsion

(vii) Failure to submit answer script to invigilator after an examination

Expulsion

(viii) Oral communication between candidates during an examination

Expulsion

Biochemistry

(ix) Communication involving passing of notes or other accessories to aid performance in an examination

Expulsion

S/N Offence Punishment (maximum)Unless otherwise stated

(x) Possession or use of any material such as notes, scraps, etc, to aid performance in an examination

Expulsion

(xi) Refusal to sit for and/or preventing other students from sitting for an examination

Expulsion

(xii) Smuggling of prepared answer scripts into an examination hall or submission of same under false pretence that they were prepared in the examination hall.

Expulsion

Biochemistry

(xiii) Smuggling of cell phones or unauthorized books into the Examination

Expulsion

(xiv) Possession and/or acquisition of live Question paper

Expulsion

(xv) Arrangement with another person to write Examination

Expulsion

(xvi) Assault on Invigilator and /or Examination Attendant

Expulsion

(xvii)

Absence from examination without due Authority

Appropriate Sanction

Any other misconduct concerning examination (not being one of those listed above), which is inimical to or subversive to the integrity of the

Biochemistry

University examination process, shall be an offence, which could attract appropriate sanction.

Biochemistry

BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAMME

HOD’S REMARKSThe science of Biochemistry addresses the living cells with regards

to the structure annd the metabolic processes that occur in the cells.

Biochemistry is the study of the organisation and functions of biological

systems at the molecular and atomic levels. This second edition of the

Biochemistry

Biochemistry handbook has been written in a factual, lucid and readable

style. It covers the basic concepts in the modern trends of undergraduate

degree curriculum for Biochemistry worldwide.

In this edition, the curriculum has been revised in line with the

recommendations of the Heads of Departments in Nigerian Universities and

the stakeholders which met at NUC Headquarters in Abuja sometime in

2009. The course structure presents details on the courses offered at each

level of the programme. Also, the course content for each course has been

documented separately. The handbook provides information on the admission

requirements to the programme as well as the regulations governing the

award of degrees and also the conduct of examinations. While teachers will

find the handbook as useful guides with reference to the course content,

students are particularly advised to relate well with their Course Advisers and

other constituted authorities in the Unit.

The contributions of other coleagues: Professor R.O.Okotore and

Messrs O.E.Ogunlana, C.E.O. Ikanone towards the preparation of the

Biochemistry Degree programme are highly appreciated.

HEAD, BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAMME Prof. Rufus Oladiran OkotoreB.Sc, (Ibadan) M.Sc, Ph.D (Dalhousie) MNYAS, FIPAN

Biochemistry

ACADEMIC STAFF

Name Qualification Designation Area Of Specialization

PROF. R .O OKOTORE

B.Sc. (Ibadan), M.Sc Ph.D (Dalhousie)

Professor -Enzymology.-Lectinology.

PROF. O.A.T EBUEHI

B.Sc (Unilag), M.Phil, MBA(Lagos). Ph.D (Lagos)

Professor(Associate Lecturer)

Neurochemistry/NutritionalBiochemistry, Food Science, Ethnobiochemistry.

DR. G .D. GBOLAGUNTE

B.S, (Seattle Pacific), M.Sc., Ph.D. (ABU Zaria)

Associate Professor

-Veterinary Anatomy-Biotechnology

DR. O.A. AKINLOYE

B.Sc (Ile-Ife), M.Sc (Ile-Ife), Ph.D (UNAAB)

Senior Lecturer(Sabbatical)

-Plant Biochemistry/ Phytomedicine.

DR. O.A. ADARAMOYE

B.Sc (Ilorin), M.Sc, PhD (Ibadan)

Senior Lecturer(Associate Lecturer)

Biochemical Toxicology

DR. OSUNTOKI A.

B.Sc , PhD (Lagos)

Senior Lecturer(Associate Lecturer)

Molecular Biology & Biotechnology

DR. O. A. OLALUBI

B.Sc (Ilorin) M.Sc Ph.D (Ibadan)

Lecturer I -Parasitology-Molecular Biology

MR. O.E. OGUNLANA

B.Sc (Ife), M.Sc (Ibadan)

Lecturer II -Drug Metabolism-Toxicology

MR. B.Sc (Unilag), Lecturer II -Food/Nutrition

Biochemistry

C.E.O. IKANONE

M.Sc (Lagos) BiochemistryEnzymology.

NON-ACADEMIC STAFF

MRS. A. SOLABI

B.Sc (Lagos), M.Sc(Lagos), ASIT

Assistant Chief Technologist

Biochemistry.

MR. R.O. MALOMO

B.Sc (UNAAB)

Technologist -Food Chemistry

PHILOSOPHY GUIDING THE PROGRAMMEA modern day biochemist should be competent and possess broad-based knowledge, required to compete globally and contribute positively in the application of scientific approach towards solving the intractable problems of poverty and diseases.

OBJECTIVES1. To provide the students with appropriate foundation of

Biochemistry knowledge and practical skills.2. To imbue the students with the ability to develop and utilize

biochemical processes, forms and systems for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life.

3. To develop in the students relevant skills which are of value in biochemical research and multidisciplinary areas involving biochemistry.

Biochemistry

4. To prepare the students for professional careers as biochemists for the basic and applied scientific research enterprise which do meet the needs of the modern society.

5. To generate in students an appreciation of the importance of biochemistry in the industry, economy, environment ,technology and social development.

6. To instill in students the love for biochemistry in order to encourage them to be involved in intellectually stimulating and satisfying experience of learning and studying.

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTSThis is the same as the College requirements. Candidates for admission into 4-year degree programme in the Department of Biological Science, Biochemistry Unit, must have passed five subjects at the credit level in the S.S.S.C.E. or its equivalent including English language, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

COURSE STRUCTURE100 Level Harmattan Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATU

SUNITS LECTU

RE HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BIO 111

General Biology I

C 3 30 00 10

CHM 101

General Chemistry I (Physical and Inorganic)

C

3 30 00 10

CHM 107

Experimental Chemistry (Physical/Inorganic)

C 1 00 15 30

Biochemistry

CIT 101

Introduction to General Computing

C 3 30 00 10

PHY 101

General Physics I (Mechanics)

C 3 30 00 10

PHY 105

General Physics Laboratory 1

C 1 00 15 30

MTH 101

Elementary Mathematics I

C 3 30 00 10

GST 101

Use of English/ Library and Information Sources I

C 2 20 00 20

REQUIRED

GST 103

Music Appreciation I

R 1

1 - 1

GST 105

Introduction to Logic and Philosophy

R 2 20 00 10

TOTAL UNITS

25

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory and required courses.

100 Level Rain Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

Biochemistry

BIO 112

General Biology II

C 3 30 00 10

CHM 102

General Chemistry II ( Organic)

C 3 30 00 10

CHM 108

General Chemistry Laboratory

C 1 00 15 00

PHY 102

General Physics II (Heat, Sound and Optics)

C 3 20 00 10

PHY 106

General Physics Laboratory II

C 1 00 30 00

REQUIRED

CIT 102

Introduction to computer application

R 3 20 00 10

GST 102

Use of English/ Library and information Sources II

R 2 20 00 00

GST 104

Music Appreciation II

R 1 10 10 00

Biochemistry

GST 110

History and Philosophy of Science

R 2 20 00 00

TOTAL UNITS

20

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory and required courses.

200 Level Harmattan Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 211

Structure and Chemistry of Biomolecules

C

3 30 00 10

BCH 213

Introduction to Cellular Biochemistry

C

2 20 00 00

BCH 217

Intermediary metabolism

C

2 20 00 00

BCH 219

Experimental Biochemistry I

C

1 00 15 00

CHM 201

Physical Chemistry

C

3 30 00 10

CHM 203

Organic Chemistry

C

3 30 00 10

Biochemistry

CHM 207

Experimental Chemistry I

C

1 00 30 00

MCB 201

General Microbiology

C

3 30 00 10

GST 201

Entrepreneurial Development Studies 1

C 1 00 15 10

REQUIRED

STA 201

Statistics for Biological Sciences

R 3 30 00 10

GST 207

Music Appreciation III

R

1 10 00 00

TOTAL UNITS

23

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory and required courses.

200 Level Rain Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 212

Metabolism of carbohydrates

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 214

Metabolism of lipids

C 2 20 00 00

Biochemistry

BCH 216

Metabolism of amino acids

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 218

Metabolism of nucleic acids

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 220

Experimental Biochemistry II

C 1 00 15 00

BCH 222

Introductory physiology

C 3 30 00 10

BCH 202

Introduction to Biotechnology

C 3 30 00 10

BCH 224

Introduction to Physical Biochemistry

C 2 30 00 00

REQUIRED

BIO 208

Introductory Genetics and Evolution

R 3 30 00 10

GST 208

Music Appreciation IV

R 1 10 00 00

ELECTIVE

GST 202

Entrepreneurial Development Studies II

E 1 00 15 00

GST 204

Entrepreneurial Development Studies III

E 1 00 30 00

Biochemistry

TOTAL UNITS

23

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory, required and any ONE (1) of the elective courses.

300 Level Harmattan Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 305

Enzymology C 3 30 00 10

BCH 307

Bioenergetics C 2 20 00 00

BCH 315

Techniques in Biomedical Research

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 309

Experimental Biochemistry III

C 1 00 15 00

BCH 311

Immuno-chemistry

C 2 00 00 00

BCH 313

Membrane Biochemistry

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 323

Food/Nutritional Biochemistry

C 2 20 00 00

Biochemistry

BCH 317

Introductory Molecular Biology

C 2 20 00 00

ELECTIVE

ICH 321

Applied Chemical Thermodynamics

E 3 20 00 10

ICH 335

Elements of Food Science and Technology

E 2 20 00 00

MCB 308

Microbial Genetics & Molecular Biology

E 3 30 00 10

TOTAL 21(2)

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory courses and any two (2) of the elective courses.

300 Level Rain Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 312

Industrial Attachment

C 6 00 120 00

TOTAL UNITS

6

Biochemistry

400 Level Harmattan Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 401

Chemistry of Biological Polymers

C 3 30 00 10

BCH 403

Advance/Intermediary Metabolism & Regulation

C

3 30 00 10

BCH 405

Experimental Biochemistry IV

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 411

Seminar & Term Paper

C 2 00 30 00

BCH 413

Biosynthesis of Macromolecules

C 3 20 00 10

REQUIRED

BCH 417

Bioinorganic Chemistry

R 2 20 00 00

BCH 425

Biochemistry of Viruses and parasites

R 2 20 00 00

ELECTIVE

Biochemistry

BCH 415

Principles of Bioinformatics

E 2 20 00 00

BCH 419

Introduction to Forensic Science

E 1 10 00 00

BCH 427

Advanced Nutritional Biochemistry

E 2 20 00 00

BCH 407

Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology

E 2 20 00 00

ICH 439

Medicinal Plant Chemistry

E 2 20 00 00

TOTAL UNITS 23(4)

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory, required and any three (3) of the elective courses.

400 Level Rain Semester CoursesCOURSE

CODECOURSE TITLE STATUS UNITS LECTURE

HRSPRACTICAL

HRSTUTORIAL

BCH 402

Special Topics in Enzymology

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 404

Biochemical Genetics

C 2 20 00 00

BCH 406

Biochemical Reasoning

C 1 10 00 00

BCH 412

Plant Biochemistry

C 2 20 00 00

Biochemistry

BCH 499

Research Project

C 6 00 00 00

REQUIRED

BCH 414

Tissue Biochemistry

R 2 20 00 00

BCH 416

Clinical Biochemistry

R 2 20 00 00

BCH 418

Xenobiotic Biochemistry

R 2 20 00 00

ELECTIVE

BCH 420

Industrial Biochemistry

E 2 20 00 00

ICH 426

Brewing Science & Technology

E 2 20 00 00

TOTAL UNITS

22

• Students are expected to register for all the compulsory, required and any ONE (1) of the elective courses.

Biochemistry

COURSE CONTENTBCH 202 Introduction to Biotechnology 3 UnitsThis course shall provide a broad overview of the scope, and importance of biotechnology. The course content includes the following topics: Definition and history of biotechnology. Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary subject: Global impact and current excitement/trend of biotechnology (health care, agriculture, human genome project, environment, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics): Potentials and achievements of biotechnology in Nigeria; Prevention of misuse of biotechnology; The concept of genes and genetic engineering.

BCH 211 Structure and Chemistry of Biomolecules 3 Units Prerequistes: BIO 111, BIO 112, CHM 101 and CHM 102.A study of the basic organization of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) and their monomeric units. The structural arrangement and condensation reactions to form polymers. The conformational arrangement (stereochemistry) of the monomeric units in solution. The biological functions of each biomolecules and the chemical reactions of their monomers.

Biochemistry

BCH 212 Metabolism of Carbohydrates 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211. A study of the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in man. The anaerobic and aerobic breakdown of glycolysis. The fate of pyruvate and the energetic of glycolysis. Hexosemono-phosphate shunt pathway, glycoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis. The Krebs cycle and its significance. Regulation of these pathways and inborn errors.

BCH 213 Introduction to Cellular Biochemistry 2 UnitsThe course involves the cell structural and chemical composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as relates to cellular differentiation and also molecular organization. Membranes transport systems, receptors and carriers. Cell fractionation and enzyme markers for specific organelles. Endocytosis and exocytosis.

BCH 214 Metabolism of Lipids 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211.The course involves the study of the digestion and absorption of lipids in man. Degradative pathways of lipid; enzymology and energetic. The beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids, synthesis of phospholipids, cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Regulation of these pathways and inborn errors.

BCH 216 Metabolism of Amino acids 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211. The course involves the digestion and absorption of amino acids in mammals, metabolism of one carbon unit, metabolic fate of amino group, nitrogen excretion and the urea cycle. It also includes the overview of nitrogen metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids and their derivatives. The disorders of amino acid metabolism.

Biochemistry

BCH 217 Intermediary Metabolism 2 UnitsThis course involves the basic concept of metabolism, anabolism and catabolism of bio-molecules. The interrelationship of the major pathways of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

BCH 218 Metabolism of Nucleic acids 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211. This course is designed to cover the degradation of nucleosides and nucleotides. The synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from IMP and synthesis of UTP from UMP. The reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and savage of purines and pyrimidines. Catabolism of nucleotides:- catabolism of purine nucleotides, purine nucleotide cycle in muscle, and catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides. The regulation and inborn errors of nucleic acid metabolism.

BCH 219 Experimental Biochemistry 1 1 UnitThis course involves acid-base chemistry (titration), pH estimation and preparation of buffers. It also includes experimental tests for the identification of macromolecules in solution.

BCH 220 Experimental Biochemistry II 1 UnitPrerequisite: BCH 219.This course is to expose the students to basic tools in biochemical techniques and measurement; Photometry – preparation of standard curves; spectrophotometry and use for quantitative estimation of biological molecules.

BCH 222 Introductory Physiology 3 Units

Biochemistry

The course involves the study of blood clotting and regulation of blood coagulation. Metabolism of erythrocytes, bile pigments, iron metabolism and erythrocytes abnormalities. Electrolytes and acid-base balance: The Kidney - Fluid compartments of the body, specialized body fluids, control of the behavior of extracellular fluid, control of the pH of body fluids, aspect of renal function, nature and composition of the urine, abnormal constitutents of urine, urinary lithiasis and endocrine function of the kidney.Biochemistry of the Endocrine system – Hormones and mechanism of hormone action, measurement of hormones, feedback regulation, biosynthesis, storage, secretion and circulation in blood, degradation and peripheral transformation, receptors, and disordered endocrine function.

BCH 224 Introduction to Physical Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211.The course involves the characteristic and properties of water, ionization and also dissociation. It also involves thermodynamic solution, hydrodynamics, equilibria, buffer system, solubility, osmosis, diffusion, dialysis, permeability, polarity and molecular bond formation. The biophysical properties of macromolecules in solution.

300 LEVEL COURSES.

BCH 305 Enzymology 3 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 211The course involves the study of the general nature of enzymes,

nomenclature and classification of enzymes, isolation and purification of enzymes. It also involves measurement of enzyme activity, factors which affect enzyme activity, enzyme active sites, introduction to enzyme kinetics and evaluation of kinetic parameters and constants.

Biochemistry

BCH 307 Bioenergetics 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 224This course studies high energy compounds; types and characteristics. The nature of chemical/ electrochemical potentials including electrochemistry and redox reaction. It also studies electron transport system, oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of ATP production. Concepts of chemical thermodynamics; oxidations and reductions.

BCH 309 Experimental Biochemistry III 2 UnitsPrerequisites: BCH 219, BCH 220. The course shall entail the specific experiments on the various biochemical techniques taught in BCH 315- centrifugation, electrophoresis, spectrophotometry and chromatography.

BCH 311 Immunochemistry 2 UnitsThis course shall involve detailed study of the basic immunobiology, structure and functions of antigens, antibodies and haptens. It also entails the comprehensive classification and structural motifs of immunoglobulins, the antibody binding sites and structure-function relationship of antibodies. The study of complement system and fixation, concept of serology, clinical immunology, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and graft rejection. Immune tolerance factors affecting immune response. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies; production, detection and uses of monoclonal antibodies.

BCH 313 Membrane Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisites: BCH 211A study of the composition of biological membranes and their contribution to the functions of the membrane. It will examine membrane asymmetry and movements, and the concept of membrane receptor functions. Antigenicity of membrane components, membrane transport processes and neurotransmission.

Biochemistry

BCH 315 Techniques in Biomedical Research 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 219, BCH 220This course involves the study of the techniques employed in biomedical analysis and research. Emphasis shall be on the principles and procedures of centrifugation, spectrophotometry, chromatography, electrophoresis, manometry, histochemical techniques, immunological assays, and PCR. It also includes animal models for drug or biological evaluation and in-vitro assays.

BCH 317 Introductory Molecular Biology 2 UnitsThe course involves a study of the structure and function of genetic material in relation to genetic expression and control in prokaryotes and eukaryotes including cellular ultrastructure: Chromosome structure and Gene expression.

BCH 323 Food/Nutritional Biochemistry 2 UnitsThis course involves the study of body composition, nutrients required by man and factors affecting these requirements. It also involves foodstuff and their energy values, protein quality, food preservation and processing, food habits and intakes, consequences of excess and inadequate calorie intake and protein energy malnutrition.

BCH 399 Industrial Attachment 6 UnitsStudents shall be attached to some industrial organizations for 6 months.

400 LEVEL COURSES

Biochemistry

BCH 401 Chemistry of Biological Polymers 3 UnitsPrerequisites: BCH 211, BCH 313This course involves a comprehensive study of the structure and physico-chemical properties in solution of biological polymers. It examines the structure and properties of amino acids, protein conformation and methods of analysis. Structure-function relationship of proteins. It involves review of nucleic acid structure, nucleoproteins and nucleic acid isolation, properties and conformation, polynucleotide sequencing. It also studies polysaccharide and lipid structures, properties and analysis, structural features of proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharides, membrane structure and integrity.

BCH 402 Special Topics in Enzymology 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 305. The course involves the study of enzyme structure and properties, and enzyme assemblages. It also includes enzyme kinetics (steady state kinetics), principles of catalysis, multienzyme systems and enzyme inhibition (types and kinetics). Regulation of enzyme activity; chemical modification of enzyme activity and enzyme reaction mechanism.

BCH 403 Advance Intermediary Metabolism & Regulation. 3 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 212, BCH 214, BCH 216, BCH 218This course entails advanced studies in degradation, synthesis and regulatory processes involved in the metabolism carbohydrate, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid.

BCH 404 Biochemical Genetics 2 UnitsPrerequisites: BCH 317A more comprehensive study of the pathway of biological information transfer processes comprising detailed analysis of replication, transcription and translation. Mechanism of infection by virus. It also

Biochemistry

includes recombinant-DNA and gene cloning, extra-chromosomal factors, plasmids and episomes.

BCH 405 Experimental Biochemistry IV 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 309This course is designed to further expose students to collect information, analyze raw biochemical data, synthesize and take logical decisions using various statistical parameters. It will also make the students to function as Biochemist in various health field and related areas. More importantly, it will encourage students to take up analytical and procedural roles in industries and agro-allied companies. This course will eventually venture the students into the technicality involved in the interpretation of diagrams and figures and discussion of results.

BCH 406 Biochemical Reasoning 1 UnitEvaluation and design of experimental biochemistry from available information and data analysis, interpretation and inference-drawing from biochemical research data.

BCH 407 Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 202.The course involves the importance of isolation, characterization, exploitation and commercialization of microorganisms. It also includes efficiency of fermentation with the use of fermentors (bioreactors), downstream processing and scale-ups in industry. Biosynthetic pathways and regulatory control of microorganisms for production of metabolites and microbial biomass.

BCH 411 Seminar and Term Paper 2 UnitsThis course is to cover reading assignments to students which are expected to be completed during 3-6 hours library studies and later

Biochemistry

presented as short seminars. One lecture weekly on growth and development of biochemistry and major advancements in biochemical research.BCH 412 Plant Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 401.The course includes the study of the structure and function of plant cell and cell organelles, photosynthesis (dark and light reactions), alkaloid, flavonoids, plant hormone and its functions, lignin formation, biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments, amino acids, pyrimidines, purines and nucleosides in plants. It also includes metabolism of auxins, gibberellins and cytokines, the structure and functions of the synthetic growth regulators and herbicides.

BCH 413 Biosynthesis of Macromolecules 3 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 212, BCH 214,BCH 216,BCH 218This course involves the study of the synthesis of macromolecules ( carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) from their simple precursors. Regulation of biosynthetic pathways and inborn errors.

BCH 414 Tissue Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 213.The course involves intracellular organization, structures and functions of specialized tissues: liver, brain, kidney, heart and diseases associated with these tissues, and Muscles. It also includes functional membrane potential and ion transport, neurotransmitters:- biogenic amines (synthesis and breakdown), body fluids: composition and function, biochemistry of vision, adipose and reproductive tissues, detoxification and excretion in tissues.BCH 415: Introduction to Bioinformatics 1 UnitThe course is designed to accustom students with the new field of biotechnology called genomics and how it is related to the total protein components of a living organism called proteomics and how the

Biochemistry

translation of billion of characters of DNA sequences is used for making meaningful biological information. The process of accessing this biological information through computational and statistical analysis is called bioinformatics. The course is also designed to convey latest information on human genome projects and some microorganisms and their application in the remedy of hereditary diseases and infections, gene database and gene mapping. The course will be concluded with the process of gene and protein structural-function prediction using gene banking.

BCH 416 Clinical Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 222The course is designed to acquaint students with theoretical biochemical basis of laboratory test of clinical significance in diagnosis and management of diseases, units and abbreviations used in clinical chemistry and pathology. It also involves interpretation of results and quality control, manual and automation in clinical laboratory, chemical components of biological fluids, common acute and chronic ailments associated with man, enzyme markers for liver function test, renal function test, cardiac and muscle infarctions, analysis of cerebrospinal fluids, body electrolytes, blood group substance and abnormal heamoglobins.

BCH 417 Bioinorganic Chemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisites: CHM 201, CHM 203. A study of the relationships between the physicochemical properties and biological functions of inorganic ions. It also entails ligand complexes and their biochemical significance, electrolyte metabolism, nitrogen fixation and sulphur cycle in nature.

BCH 418 Xenobiotic Biochemistry 2 Units The course involves classification of xenobiotics, mechanisms of regulation and effects of xenobiotics. Metabolism of xenobiotics:

Biochemistry

monooxygenases, conjugating enzymes, modes of action of toxicants: receptor-mediated mechanisms, metabolic activation of xenobitics, oxidative stress, inhibition of mitochondrial functions, neurotoxicity, modulation of cytokinetics, disruption of metabolism of endogeneous compounds. Chemical carcinogenesis and chemoprotective compounds.

BCH 419 Introduction to Forensic Science 2 UnitsThe course involves the historical and legal background of forensic science, fundamental scientific principles in forensic science, evidence types and crime scene searching methodology. It also involves investigative procedures at crime scenes, blood specimen analysis, DNA analysis, body fluid identification and clinical indicators of death/murder scene investigation.

BCH 420 Industrial Biochemistry 2 UnitsA short review of microbial physiology and genetics. A review of general metabolic pathways and application in industrial processes. Continuous culture methods, principles and applications. The chemostat and its application in industrial fermentations. Fermentations – alcoholic, amino acid antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Primary and secondary metabolism – amino acids, taste enhancers, vitamins, toxin etc. Methods for screening and selecting microorganisms of industrial importance. Induction of mutation in micro-organisms and plants, strain selection/development and enhacement. Gene dosage and its application in industrial processes.

BCH 425 Biochemistry of viruses and parasite 2 UnitsThe course involves the study of the metabolism of bio-molecules in parasites, host/parasite interactions and parasite nutrient needs. Biochemical mechanisms of drug action against parasites. It also includes defence mechanisms in parasitism, biomembranes of parasites,

Biochemistry

structural properties of different classes of viruses, viral multiplication mechanisms, control of viral replication and interferon.BCH 427 Advanced Nutritional Biochemistry 2 UnitsPrerequisite: BCH 323The course involves study of food enzymes, lipid oxidation in foods and biological systems and genetically modified food. It also includes general principles of food toxicity with emphasis on toxic constituents in plants, animal, marine and fungal origin, contaminants and food processing induced toxins and biochemical changes in foods during processing. The metabolism and functions of vitamins and minerals, risk characterization and laws and regulation of food safety.

BCH 499: Research Project 6 UnitsThe course shall emphasize on the approaches to research investigation/problems where students will be assigned with a research project under the supervision of an academic staff.8.1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED UNITS PER LEVEL.Levels

Semester

Compulsory Units

Required Units

Elective Units

Total

100

Harmattan

22 3 - 25

Rain 11 8 - 19

200

Harmattan

19 4 - 23

Rain 17 4 1 22

300

Harmattan

16 - 5(6) 21(22)

Biochemistry

Rain 6 - - 6

400

Harmattan

13 - 5(6) 22(23)

Rain 13 6 2 21

Biochemistry