biochemistry. proteins natural polymers c,h,o,n,(s) monomer is amino acids growth repair hormones...
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BIOCHEMISTRY
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PROTEINS
Natural polymersC,H,O,N,(S)Monomer is Amino
AcidsGrowthRepairHormonesEnzymesAntibodiesEnergy Source
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PROTEINS
15% of our bodiesComposed of 20
amino acids10 we cannot
synthesise and store (essential amino acids)
We get them from food
A Complete Protein contains all 10 (eg Casein)
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2-amino acids
Contain carboxyl group and amine (amino) group
ColourlessCrystalline solidsExist as ZwitterionsTherfore high m.p.Soluble in waterAmphoteric
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Zwitterions
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Lysine
Basic amino acid
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Aspartic Acid
Acidic amino acid
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Amino Acids
Amphoteric nature makes it possible to act as buffers
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Condensation Reaction
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PRIMARY STRUCTURE
The sequence of amino acids
3 letter codes usedA tripeptide would
have 3 amino acids in sequence
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Secondary Structure
Manner in which protein folds
Intramoleculer hydrogen bonding important
Between O on carbonyl group and H on amine
Alpha-helixBeta-pleated sheets
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Tertiary Structure
Overall 3D shapeCovalent bonding (eg
disulphide bridges)H-bondingSalt bridges
(electrostatic attraction)
Affect of R group (eg polarity, hydrophobic interactions)
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Quarternary Structure
How subunits join together
Haemoglobin
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Denaturing
HeatIonising radiationStrong acids, basesConcentrated salt
solutionsOrganic solventsDetergents
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To Do
Read pages 324 to 328Try questions on proteins on page 359
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Analysis of Proteins
ChromatographyHydrolysis (strong
acid at 110 °C for several hours)
Amino acids seperated
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Rf Values
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Electrophoresis
Seperation based on electric charge
HydrolysisEach amino acid has
different isoelectronic point (pH at which positive and negative ions are balanced)
Therefore can be seperated using electrophoresis
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Major Functions in the Body
StructuralBiological CatalystsHormonesAntibodiesTransportEnergy