BiochemistryReview

Unit Target: Use models to explain how the structures of organisms

help them to perform life’s functions.

Learning Target: Identify the subatomic particles in an atom. (K)

Which letter is pointing to the nucleus of the atom?

E

What is the charge associated with letter D?

negative

How many electrons are shown in the diagram?

6

Which letter is pointing to an energy level?

C

When an atom gains or loses an electron it is called

a. An ion

b. A polar molecule

c. A compound

d. A valence electron

a. (examples: Na+ Cl- K+ OH-)

Learning Target: Explain how subatomic particles interact to form

a variety of chemical bonds. (R)

What part of the atom is most involved in bonding?

a. Proton

b. Neutron

c. Electron

d. Energy level

c.

Is the statement true or false? If it is false, modify the underlined

word to make it true.

Atoms bond to fill their inner orbit.

False. Atoms bond to fill their outer orbit.

Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?

a. Compound

b. Molecule

c. Chemical bond

d. Valence electron

a. compound

Why is bonding important to living things?

a.Bonding forms the compounds found in living things.

b.Bonding causes the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules.

c.Bonding forms atoms

d.Bonding causes nuclei to join

a.

Which atom is able to bond with itself and other atoms allowing it to form a tremendous variety of bonds?

a.Oxygen

b.Carbon

c.Nitrogen

d.Sodium

b. Carbon- because it has 4 valence electrons

Match the type of bond with its description

Covalent a. The weak attraction Polar covalent between waterHydrogen moleculesIonic b. A bond formed

by atoms gaining or losing electrons

c. A bond formed when electrons are

sharedd. An unequal sharing of electrons

Chemical equations can be used to show how chemicals bond or breakdown. In the equation below identify the reactants and products.

K + Cl KCl

reactants product

Learning Target: Describe the structure of water. (K)

What is the chemical formula for water?

H2O

Do electrons spend more time around the oxygen or hydrogen atom?

O

Because electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom of a water molecule its charge is

a. Slightly negative

b. Very negative

c. Slightly positive

d. Very positive

a. Slightly negative

Learning Target: Relate the structure of water to the functions it

performs in living things.(R)

What is the most abundant compound found in living things?

water

Which picture correctly shows water molecules bonding? Why?

Which color atom(s) represents oxygen?

Black circle

Which color atom(s) represent hydrogen?

Red circle

What charge would you put on the H atoms?

+

Match each chemical characteristic of water with its description.

Cohesion a. Allows insects to walk

on water

Adhesion

b. Forms drops of water

Capillary Action

c. Keeps bodies of water

Surface Tension from changing quickly

Temperature d. Moves water up plants

moderation

e. forms dew on a leaf

Learning Target: Describe the role of organic molecules in the structure and

function of living things. (K)True or False?

Organic molecules all contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

True

Carbon can bond with many other atoms because it has 4 protons.

False- Valence electrons

Organic molecules are

a.Small

b.Medium

c.Large

c.

Name the 4 organic compounds necessary for living things.

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Learning Target: Relate the structure of carbon the functions it performs in living

things. (R)

Carbohydrate a. Contains genetic info

Lipid b. Store energy

Protein c. Building blocks of

Nucleic Acid many structures of the body

d. Source of quick

energy for cells

Match each type of organic molecule with an example

Carbohydrate a. Fats, oils and waxes

Protein b. Sugars and starches

Lipid c. DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acid d. Muscle, skin

Match the organic molecule with its building block (monomer)

Carbohydrates monosaccharides

Proteins fatty acids and glycerol

Lipids nucleotides

Nucleic acids amino acids

Learning Target: Interpret a graph to determine how the structure of food is

related to its energy content. (S)

Food Carbs Protiens Lipids Calories

Chicken noodle soup

17g 5g .5g 90

Apple 17g 0g 0g 65

Which food would supply you with the most energy per serving?Chicken noodle soup

How do you know?It contains more calories therefore more energy

Which food had the greatest change in temperature?

Peanut- more energy (heat) was released, high fat content

What is the dependant variable?

Temperature

Learning Target: Describe the structure of enzymes (K)

What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?

Protein

Are enzymes all the same shape?

No- they each have their own unique shape

Can an enzyme catalyze many different reaction or just one?

Just one

Learning Target: Relate the structure of enzymes to the functions they perform in

living things. (R)

 What is the function of an enzyme?

a. To generate heat

b. To speed up chemical reactions

c. To slow down chemical reactions

d. To cool off chemical reactions

b- they are called biological catalysts

H2O2 H2O + O2 catalase

Name the reactant. H2O2

Name the products. H2O and O2

What type of activation energy started this reaction?chemical

What was the catalyst?

catalase

True or False? When an enzyme is denatured the shape is altered so it no longer matches the shape of the products.

False substrate

1 is the _________ site.active

2 is the ________ _________ complexEnzyme-substrate

A and B are the _______________products

Based on your knowledge of enzymes and indicators explain what happened.

What catalyst is contained in test tube C?

amylase (enzyme)What did amylase do to

the starch?broke it down into sugar

How can you be sure starch was broken down into sugar?the indicator (Benedict’s) changed from blue to orange in the presence of sugar.

What is the optimum temperature at which this enzyme functions?

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