Bringing Biodiesel to theAutomotive Classroom

National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program

Biodiesel Driving Forces Reduce dependence on imported crude oil and

petrodiesel from unstable parts of the world Reduce global warming by using a renewable fuel Reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines Can be used in any diesel engine without

modifications, existing fueling stations can be used Easy to use--drop in substitute for petroleum diesel fuel Produces over 3 times more energy than it takes to

grow and process the fuel Engine and vehicle companies approve the fuel for use Over 100 million miles of on-road trouble-free use both

here and abroad

Biodiesel (B100) Attributes

High Cetane (avg. over 50) Ultra Low Sulfur (avg. ~ 2 ppm) High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2% High Energy Balance (3.5 to 1) Renewable, Sustainable, Domestically Produced Increases overall fuel production capacity in

USA Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines

Why make biodiesel?

Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil

Glycerin (thick)

Biodiesel

Source: National Biodiesel Board

May 2008

NBB OEM Education

Summary Biodiesel in the classroom Existing Curriculum Biodiesel in the shop Hands-on labs On-vehicle diagnosis Training resources

Biodiesel & Automotive Programs

Solar Energy International, Carbondale Colorado

Madison Area Technical College, Madison, Wisconsin

Sustainable Energy & Education Training Bettendorf, Iowa

City College of San Francisco, California Wake Technical Community College,

Raleigh, NC High school Programs Central Carolina Community College,

Pittsboro, NC

SEI: Solar Energy International

Seminar courses Hands-on program:

Engine care when using biodiesel Biodiesel production technology State and Federal LegislationTraining and Business models

Headquartered in Colorado International course offering

MATC: Madison Area Tech

National Science Foundation grant Instructors Ken Walz and Paul Morschauser Renewable Energy Certificate, a 12-credit

program offered through the Consortium of Education in Renewable Energy Technology (CERET)

Multi-disciplinary (Chemistry and Diesel Technology)

EPA Fleet Curriculum Collaborative effort: Community Fuels, City College

of San Francisco, San Francisco Department of the Environment, and Biofuel Oasis

Curriculum for fuel distributors, fleet operators, mechanics and drivers of trucking, municipal, construction and agricultural fleets.

Eight pilot fleets will use biodiesel blends and their experience will be monitored.

SEET: Sustainable Energy Education & Training

 Developed by the Advanced Technology Environmental Education Center (ATEEC) and partners

Build the capacity of energy and environmental technicians

Professional development training for 50 upper level high school and community college technology instructors.

http://www.ateec.org/profdev/seet/index.htm

Central Carolina Community College

First Biofuel Class Offered at CCCC in 2002 Over $700,000 in funding for biofuel program since 2004 Extensive ASTM Biofuel Testing Lab New Sustainable Technologies Building in 2009

•$3.8 million; 18,000 sq. ft. classroom and laboratory building for Biofuels, Sustainable Agriculture, Green Building, & Culinary Arts.•LEED Certified Silver: green roof, on-site wastewater treatment, & photovoltaics. •Will house a state of the art fuel production lab that will include seed crushing, biodiesel production, and ethanol production.

For more information go to www.cccc.edu/biofuels

Alternative Energy Technologies: Biofuels begins Fall 2008!

Wake Tech Community College

 National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium Partner

Heavy Duty Diesel Equipment Program

Two day and one day biodiesel courses in Continuing Education

Merrimack High School

Students and teachers from NH high school

Partnership with University of New Hampshire

2008 National Biodiesel Conference

Using biodiesel in a the school’s International bus for field trips

West Philadelphia High School

After-school project for automotive students

2006 star at the Philadelphia Auto Show

Top 10 Early Contenders for the Automotive X Prize

Combined Azure Dynamics electric drive system with a Corolla chassis, 2 cylinder diesel

built & raced alternative fuel vehicles, including electric, hybrid and bio-diesel, for the last nine years

Curriculum Crossover

Engine Fundamentals

Fuel Systems Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions Public speaking &

customer service Alternate Fuels

Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, EPA, 2002 aAn Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles, DOE/USDA, 1998

bProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006

Bridging the Biodiesel Gap 5/29/2008

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%Carbon Dioxide

ParticulateMatter

CarbonMonoxide Hydrocarbons Sulfates PAH NOx

16%17%

12%

19%22%

+2%

8.2%b

16%a

-2%

Committee Name Here

Jetta TDI on biodiesel

Jetta TDI on petroleum diesel

Jetta 2.0L gasoline engine

Toyota Prius on gasoline

Toyota Fuel Cell vehicle (hydrogen)

Dodge ESX3 (diesel-hybrid) on biodiesel

Vehicle cost $19,970 $19,970 $18,790 $21,520 $100,0003 $28,500 Fuel efficiency (FE) 41/48.5 42/50 24/31 52/45 5.74 72 Vehicle range (miles) 609/711 609/711 348/450 619/536 155 ??? Power (hp) 90 90 115 70 110 ??? Torque (ft-lbs) 155 155 122 82 188 ??? Cost/mile2 $0.047 $0.040 $0.062 $0.035 $0.195 $0.03 Energy density (ED) of fuel (Thousands of BTUs/gal)

127 141 123 123 9 127

Fossil Fuel Energy Balance FEB)6

3.2 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.667 3.2

Total fossil energy input/mile 8 (Thousand BTU/mile)

0.89 3.7 6.0 3.4 2.4 0.55

1 Assuming modern catalyst used with the TDI running biodiesel or ULSD. 2 Assuming $1.70/gallon for gasoline, $1.80 for petroleum diesel, and $2.16/gallon for biodiesel, based on 50/50 average of city/highway 3 Honda’s estimate for the cost of their fuel cell vehicles in mass production in 2012 4 Miles per gallon of hydrogen compressed to 5,000 psi (35 atmospheres), based on maximum range of Honda’s FCV of 170 miles on a 30 gallon tank 5 30 gallons at 5,000 psi equals 3.2 kg of hydrogen (hydrogen density at 14.7 psi is 0.0003142 kg/gal, at 5000 psi it’s 0.1069 kg/gal). Typical c ost for very large consumers of compressed hydrogen expected to be $10/kg. So, $32 for 170 miles. 6 See http://www.mda.state.mn.us/ethanol/balance.html 7 Assumes hydrogen produced from steam reformation of natural gas, fossil energy balance (net energy ratio) taken from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/27637.pdf

Lesson Possibility - Vehicle comparison (energy efficiency, economics, etc.)

Biodiesel HydrogenTechnological Readiness Can be used in existing diesel

engines, which have already been in use for 100 years

Electrolyzing water (most likely using fossil fuel energy) or reforming fossil fuels. Most likely non-renewable methods with large net CO2 emissions

Fuel Distribution System Can be distributed with existing filling stations with no changes.

No system currently exists, would take decades to develop. Would cost $176 billion to put one hydrogen pump at each of the filling stations in the US.

Fossil Energy Balance [higher is better]

3.2 units (soy)4.3 units (rapeseed)

0.66 units (steam reforming of natural gas)

Large scale fuel development cost analysis

For an estimated $1691 billion, enough algae farms could be built to completely replace petroleum transportation fuels with biodiesel

To produce enough clean hydrogen for our transportation needs would cost $2.5 trillion (wind power) or $25 trillion (solar)

Safety Flash point over 300 F (considered “not flammable”)

Highly flammable, high pressure storage tanks pose a large risk due to store mechanical energy, as well as flammability/explosiveness

Time scale for wide scale use 5-15 years 30-70 years optimistic assumption

Cost of engines Comparable to existing vehicles Currently 50-100 times as expensive as existing engines.

Tank capacity required for 1,000 mile range in conventional sedan

20 gallons 268 gallons

Comparison of Biodiesel and Hydrogen as Fuels of the Future

Biodiesel in the Shop

Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel

Production Understanding Fuel

Quality Educational Tours

Hands-on Labs Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel

Production Understanding Fuel

Quality Educational Tours

Mobile Biodiesel Education

Department of Energy Grant for $52,000 for 6 six workshops across North Carolina

Mobile Biodiesel Workshops State Energy OfficeOilseed crushing & refiningSmall Scale Biodiesel ProductionFuel Filtration and Polishing10kw onan diesel genset

Trailer Upgrades in 2008

Useful Tools Injector Pressure Tester Hand Vacuum Pump Fuel Filter Pressure Gauge Biodiesel Mini Lab Fuel Quality test kits Educational Tours

Department of Energy (DOE)B100 & BlendsMaterial CompatibilityEngine PerformanceDiesel and Biodiesel Emissions

Handling & Usage

Understanding Diesel Fuel

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Similar to Changes in GasolineTechnical review panel Ultra-Low sulfur DieselBiodiesel Blends

Fleet Management Experiences

Cold weather can cloud and even gel any diesel fuel, including biodiesel.

Users of a B20 with #2 diesel will usually experience an increase of the cold flow properties (cold filter plugging point, cloud point, pour point) approximately 2 to 10° Fahrenheit.

Similar precautions employed for petroleum diesel are needed for fueling with 20 percent blends.

• blending with #1 diesel (kerosene)• using fuel heaters and parking indoors• and using a cold-flow improvement additive

Biodiesel Education Resources

http://biofuels.coop/ www.biodiesel.org http://www.bq-9000.org www.nearbio.com - Where Can I buy it? www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel http://www.uidaho.edu/bioenergy/index.html 1- 866-BIODIESEL Hotline is staffed 24/7 www.nrel.gov

• NREL Handling & Use Guidelines http://www.biodieselmagazine.com www.bbibiofuels.com

• Biodiesel Magazine• Biofuel Magazine

NBB Resources

•www.biodiesel.org• Curriculum

• Technical Library

• Biodiesel Bulletin

• Educational Videos Available

• Informational Resources

• Technical Resources

• On-line Database & Spec Sheets

•www.BQ-9000.org • Biodiesel Quality Certification Program for Accredited Producers and Certified Marketers