biodiversity conservation in cis julia gorelova iucn representative office for cis
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Biodiversity Conservation in CIS Biodiversity Conservation in CIS
Julia Gorelova
IUCN Representative Office for CIS
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and ThreatsRussia: Biodiversity conservation is not a priority at the state level,
the system of biodiversity conservation management fell down;
Insufficient understanding of national PAs system global importance at the state level;
Total absence of understanding of conservation profits by private business;
Development of a land market without considering the ecological factor;
Lack of educational work and information exchange in the field of biodiversity conservation.
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and Threats
Ukraine:• Biodiversity issues are not considered in land
management in conditions of land market development;
• Ineffective protection of mountain and river ecosystems in Carpathians;
• Threats to wetlands linked to Black and Azov Seas.
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and Threats
Moldova: • Conservation of valuable forest ecosystems
combining work with local population and creating new opportunities for local people profitable activities.
Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova: • Necessity to include biodiversity issues in
agricultural practices.
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and Threats
Caucasus:• increasing level of poverty and weak protection
leading to illegal logging of mountain forests;.• Degradation of mountain pastures, endemic plant
species loss as a result of overgrazing;• Black Sea pollution, overcatching, gas and oil
transportation
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and ThreatsCentral Asia
• Degradation of biological resources as a result of excessive use of steppe and forest ecosystems and Caspian fish supplies;
• Desertification, weak water resources management; • Absence of integrated approach to biodiversity conservation
at the state level;• Insufficiency of PAs network, obsolete legislative and
economic frames for PA management, lack of inter-department coordination, lack of financing, absence of strategic activity on promoting PAs role;
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Main Problems and ThreatsMain Problems and Threats
• Desert ecosystems are protected insufficiently, • Steppe ecosystems of global importance need to be
managed combining sustainable land use and biodiversity conservation;
• State boundaries are fragmenting animal populations making migratory species protection very difficult;
• Absence of plans on sustainable regional development;
• Lack of professional expertise.
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Priorities for regionalPriorities for regional activitiesactivities
• Including biodiversity issues into general program of economic development and clear understanding of biodiversity conservation profitability;
• PAs network development;
• Development of regional and trans-boundary cooperation;
• Development of inter-sectoral (sectors of industry and agriculture) cooperation;
• Total inventory of biodiversity;
• Sustainable land planning in conditions of land privatization.
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Thematic prioritiesThematic prioritiesAgrobiodiversity and sustainable land-use:
• sound practices of sustainable agriculture, safe technologies used for plant protection;
• synergy between the main environmental conventions and the modern policy in the field of sustainable agriculture;
• conservation of genetic resources;• sustainable land-use as a way to conserve arid and semi-arid
ecosystems;• role of local population in biodiversity conservation and sustainable
agriculture
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Thematic prioritiesThematic prioritiesIntegration of biodiversity considerations into policies
of financial and private sectors• Developing economic mechanisms for private sector
involvement in ecological restoration of natural ecosystems;• Introducing social and economic mechanisms at a local level
for sustainable use of globally endangered species and habitats;
• Developing and introducing in the land-use system institutional, legal and economic mechanisms for the acquisition of land areas by private investors for nature conservation purposes
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Thematic prioritiesThematic prioritiesDevelopment of protected areas system and
ecological networks• Development of ecological networks;• Strengthening an effectiveness of PA management;• Harmonization of countries legislation to establish and
manage trans-boundary PAs;• Regional approximation of the Bern and Bonn
Conventions lists;• Establishment of PAs in steppe and desert zones;• PAs integration in the social and economic regional
development, implementation of the Seville Strategy.
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Geographic prioritiesGeographic priorities
• Extension of Galitsko-Slobogjansky Ecological Corridor (Ukraine) to the east up to Tambovskaya oblast and the Mari-El Republic (Russia);
• Conservation of natural ecosystems of the Southern and Middle Ural as the core areas of Pan-European Econet;
• Creation of regional econets in the Center of the Russian Plain, Volgo-Viatsky, Low Volga and Altai-Sayan regions;
• Establishment of Ukraine’s national econet up to the year 2015;
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Geographic prioritiesGeographic priorities• Trans-boundary cooperation on the Ust’urt plateau
(Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan);• Protection of the key areas of endemic value in Armenia
(Gorovansky sands, Magrinsky flora region, Daralagez rivers valleys, Aragatz mountain block and Arailer mountain);
• Establishment of a transboundary Russian-Ukrainian PA on the basis of biosphere reserve “Briansky Les” and Desniansko-Starogutsky national park;
• Biodiversity conservation of steppes of Southern Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan;
• Creation of the Central Asian Econet.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
World Bank: • Natural Resource Management Strategy (2000) • Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (2003)• National Strategies on Poverty Reduction• Other project categories: “agriculture”, “irrigation and
preventing floods”, “environmental protection and municipal infrastructure development”
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
In coming years the WB conservation strategy will be focused on the following main directions:
• Including biodiversity issues in general economic development programs;
• Poverty reducing and support rural population livelihoods, combining conservation activities with local initiatives;
• Strengthening biodiversity Action Plans and implementing sustainable natural resources management with active involvement of local communities;
• Focusing on globally significant ecosystems;• Strengthening PAs networks, working out mechanisms of sustainable
financing to manage PAs, including eco-tourism development, establishing trust-funds etc.;
• Support of genetic resources monitoring systems.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
Thematically and geographically these directions will be implemented as following:
• Caucasus: forestry sector – illegal logging, gas and oil sector – decreasing damage;
• Central Asia: priority ecosystems – Western Tian-Shan, Aral Sea, Amudarja ans Syrdarja deltas, tugay forests along river valleys, saxaul (Haloxylon) forests, Caspian Sea, inland lakes, steppe and mountain pastures of Kyrgyzstan;
• Russia: priority regions are Karelia, Altay-Sayan, Sikhote-Alin;
• Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova: steppe, forest and coastal ecosystems, agricultural and forestry sectors.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
UNEP:• Convention on Combat Desertification• UNEP-GEF project “Integrated Ecosystem Approach to
Conserve Biodiversity and Minimize Habitat Fragmentation in the Russian Arctic”.
• There are several project concept papers to be submitted to UNEP-GEF including medium-size project on establishment of a network of training centers for PAs of Northern Eurasia by the Eco-educational center “Zapovedniks”.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
UNESCO:• World Heritage Convention, nomination of natural
territories to be included in the World Heritage list,
• biosphere reserves network development (Man & Biosphere program),
• realization of the Seville Strategy principles.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actorsWWF:• conservation of forest biodiversity, including issues of certification
and support environmentally oriented business; • marine and Arctic ecosystems; • support to PAs;• conservation of rare and endangered species:• oil and gas sector. Geography: Arctic, Russian Far East, Altay, Kamchatka peninsula,
Ural, North-West of Russia, Caucasus and Central Asia. • Coordination a new big program of the Critical Ecosystems
Partnership Fund on Caucasus biodiversity conservation.
• Developed a full-size project on Econet creation based on the Russian PAs system to be submitted to GEF.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actorsIUCN:• public support of forest conservation, • sustainable use of non-timber forest products, • assessment of PA management effectiveness, • Econet development and sustainable agriculture, • eco-tourism,• elaborating the strategy for Central Asia. • Important Plant Areas program in partnership with
PlantLife International. Russia will be a part of the full-size UNEP-GEF global IUCN-PlantLife project on IPAs and the Global Plant Conservation Strategy implementation, included in GEF pipeline.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
Environmental bilateral cooperation• Scandinavian countries -Norway, Sweden, Finland:
projects in the Russian part of he Barents Region In the near future these activities will be supported by the EU “Northern Dimension” program.
• Germany: the bilateral program is focused on eco-tourism development, landscape planning, eco-education, PAs of Baikal region.
• USA: Bering Sea region is a priority, migratory birds and marine mammals, sustainable use of marine bio-resources, information and training support to PAs.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
• Institute of Sustainable Communities is managing USAID money providing small grants to NGOs.
• Regional Environmental Centers network - European Commission: support NGOs activity in the region. Biodiversity conservation is also in focus of REC small grant programs.
• “Environment for Europe” Fund was established by the UK Government to support Pan-European process. In Russia, money is managed by the British Council through the SEPS program.
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
• TACIS: • transboundary partner projects at local and regional
levels; • preparation of a project on transboundary Russian-
Ukrainian-Kazakh cooperation in the field of steppe conservation.
• EU LIFE program supporting projects in the North-West region of Russia. The partner project on Econet development in Leningradskaya oblast has been submitted by IUCN CIS and Baltic Fund for Nature .
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Existing programs and actorsExisting programs and actors
Projects of national organizations implementing jointly with foreign partners could be supported by governmental foundations of donor countries:
• Darwin Initiative, UK supports the partner project on public support of saiga antelope conservation;
• PIN-MATRA, the Netherlands supports the partner project on Econet development in Kostromskaya oblast;
• French GEF is going to support eco-tourism development in Baikal Lake region.
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UNDP possible niche in theUNDP possible niche in the RegionRegion• elaborating different sub-regional (oblast and district level)
development scenarios for priority regions, considering sustainable development principles and biodiversity issues;
• selecting a scenario and developing an integrated regional strategy including a business-plan, considering potential funding sources;
• undertaking functional territorial zoning in model regions that is based on ecological and economic factors limiting livelihoods of population as well as biodiversity status;
• Priority regions: regions strongly influenced by human activities.