bioenergetics learning goals 1. understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bioenergetics Learning Goals
1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and howthey relate to biological systems
2. Understand that organisms are interdependent, open systems that respond to their environment by managing their energy resources
3. Understand how mitochondria and chloroplasts work with the cell to harvest chemical energy, or convert solar energy to chemical energy
4. Understand the fundamental cellular process of chemiosmosis and its central role in ATP production
![Page 2: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Metabolism/Cellular Energetics(The central concept of Semester 1)
• The Good News:• You know most of this stuff already
– Enzymes– Semipermiable Membranes– Active Transport– Potential/Kinetic/
Chemical Energy– Macromoleules/Mono-
mers– ATP– Kinases– Metabolism
• The New Ideas:• Catabolism and Anabolism• The Stages of Cellular
Respiration
• Chemiosmosis• Oxidative Phosphorylation• Light Dependent/Light
Independent Reactions• Photophosphorylation
![Page 3: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Key Concepts
• Metabolism
• Energy: Free Energy:
• Spontaneous vs. non spontaneous reactions
• ATP couples Reactions
• Dynamic Equilibrium
![Page 4: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
College Board “Performance Objectives”
• Describe the role of ATP in coupling a cell’s catabolic and anabolic reactions.
• Explain how chemiosmosis functions in bioenergetics• How are organic molecules broken down by the
catabolic pathways of cellular respiration• Explain the role of oxygen in energy-yielding
pathways of cellular respiration• Explain how cells generate ATP in the absence of
oxygen.
![Page 5: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Definitions
• Metabolism:• Metabolic Pathway:• Catabolism:• Anabolism:
![Page 6: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy
• Energy:
• Kinetic Energy:
• Potential Energy:
• Chemical Energy
![Page 7: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The laws of energy transformation• 1st Law of
Thermodynamics:(pg. 143)
• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
![Page 8: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FIGHT ENTROPY!
![Page 9: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
More definitions
• Free Energy:
• Exergonic =
• Endergonic =
![Page 10: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Changes in Free Energy
![Page 11: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How does this apply to Biological Systems?
C: A or BS:
![Page 12: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How are Catabolism and Anabolism “coupled”?
The hydrolysis of ATP yields 7.3kCal/mole of ATP
![Page 13: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How does this apply to Biological Systems?
![Page 14: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is ATP?
![Page 15: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How does ATP Perform Work?
ATP Phosphorylates other molecules!
![Page 16: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples of ATP at work:
![Page 17: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bioenergetics: The Big Picture
• Producers
• Consumers
![Page 18: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Producers: convert solar energy into chemical energy
![Page 19: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Producers: convert solar energy into chemical energy
![Page 20: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How does Bioenergetics relate to other concepts in Biology?
![Page 21: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bioenergetics: The Big Picture
• The Equations:
• In general…– Organic Molecules– Food
• Combustion or Oxidation of Glucose (∆G) = • Number of ATP/Glucose Molecule
• Regeneration of ATP (from ADP & Pi) (∆G) =
![Page 23: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Consumers (start with organic molecules, give off CO2)
• Some Details:
Glycolysis
– Fermentation Cellular Respiration
These are re-dox reactions
![Page 24: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cellular Respiration
• Oxidation of Food Molecules by Oxygen– Releases Energy
• Cumulative Function of 3 metabolic stages
• Glycolysis
• Citric Acid (Kreb’s) Cycle
• Oxidative Phosphorylation
![Page 25: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cellular Respiration Where…How…Connections
![Page 26: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Our Objective
• Learn the important details about the 3 metabolic stages of cellular respiration
• Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Remember that the cell is using glucose to make ATP (it’s harvesting energy)
• Remember these stages are connected!
![Page 27: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SLP: Substrate Level Phosphorylation
![Page 29: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Glycolysis
• Literally…
• (2 phases)
Fig 9.8
![Page 30: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Glycolysis 1: Energy Investment
• What happens, why?
• What’s the “end” product?
![Page 31: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Glycolysis 2: Energy Return• G3P is…
• SLP…
• The “end” product(s):– ATP– NADH– Pyruvate
![Page 32: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Connections: Pyruvate is Oxidized
1)
2)
3)
![Page 33: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Citric Acid Cycle:
• It is a cycle!
• Where does it happen?
• What are the outcomes?
Oxaloacetate(4-C)
Citrate(6-C)
![Page 34: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Citric Acid Cycle:The Bottom Line…
Pyruvate is completely oxidized and the energy is converted to NADH and FADH2 (ETC) and ATP via S.L.P.
8 NADH and 2 FADH2 per glucose molecule
The intersection between Glycolysis and OXY PHOS
![Page 35: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Oxidatative Phosphorylation Overview:
During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP Synthesis.
![Page 36: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Where?
• What?
• How?
• What else happens?
Oxidative Phosphorylation 1:E.T.C.
P.C.
![Page 37: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Oxidative Phosphorylation 2
• So What?– E.T.C. drives…
– ATP Synthase
![Page 38: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Oxidative Phosphorylation 3: Putting it all together
[ ]
[ ]
Chemiosmosis!An energy-coupling
mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work.
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
3)
![Page 39: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hints for building ETC Model1. Start with aligning yourselves from least electronegative
(greatest Potential energy) to most electronegative. This should be a physical change in height. Use stools, chairs, bench tops etc.
2. Get comfortable passing electrons down from least electronegative molecule to most electronegative molecule. (I suggest saying “Grrrr” when you get reduced. Perhaps the “Grrr” gets louder as electo-negativity increases.)
3. Once you are comfortable passing electrons, add in the protons moving across the protein complexes, into the intermembrane space and then through ATP synthase to generate ATP.
4. Use your textbook, each other, and me as a resource. I will be videotaping the process and product.
![Page 40: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cellular Respiration: Review (F9.16)(don’t look at the book, let’s work this out together.)
Reactants, Products, major intermediates, processes, specific locations
Net ATP Production
Mode of ATP Production
![Page 41: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ATP Accounting?• Catabolism of Glucose, ∆G = -686 kCal/mol
• Anabolism of ATP from ADP + Pi, ∆G = 7.3 kCal/mol
• About 36-38 mol ATP/mol glucose• ATP synthesis is roughly… …efficient• Where does the rest of the energy go?
ATP/NADH
ATP/FADH2
ATP/H+
![Page 42: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Beyond Cellular Respiration
![Page 43: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fermentation: an alternate pathway for energy production (ATP synthesis)
• Fermentation is…
• fermentation starts with...
• F.A…
• O.A…
![Page 44: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fermentation: (2 processes)
• What do these pathways have in common?
• What’s different?
• What’s the significance of alcohol fermentation?
• What’s the significance of lactic acid fermentation?
• What else do these pathways have in common?
![Page 45: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Comparing Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
• Commonalities:
• Differences:
Oxidative Phosphorylation
![Page 46: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Glycolysis is ancient…
• How old is it?– Est. to be ________
• What else do we know– – – –
![Page 47: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Regulation of Cellular Respiration
![Page 49: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Enzymatic Regulation: Allosteric Regulation
Fluctuating concentrations
ATP vs. ADP + Pi
![Page 50: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Life on Earth is solar powered
![Page 51: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Bioenergetics: Background Info
• Producers
• Consumers
![Page 52: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Photosynthesis: Biochemistry conserved throughout several Domains
![Page 53: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Across four levels of organization
• Plants • Leaves
• Mesophyll Cells
• Chloroplasts
![Page 54: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
A Closer Look at the Organelles
![Page 55: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
PS: 2 Reactions in 1 organelle
![Page 56: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Food for thought:
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis similar? How are they different? Think about it on
an organismal level, on an organelle level, and on a biochemical level.
![Page 57: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
More Food…Check out Figure 10.16
![Page 58: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Light Reactions begin with…
• Light (Visible Light)• • • • • •
![Page 59: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
is Absorbed by 3 Pigments
• Chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b
• Carotenoids
Why peaks?
![Page 60: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
So What? • So what happens when
light is absorbed?
photosystem
![Page 61: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
If photosystems are membrane-bound, then you can build a “battery”
![Page 62: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
If we could get down on the thylakoid membrane…
![Page 63: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
No, really, so what?
• Where does the electron from water go once it replaces the electron in the chlorophyll molecule in the center of PSII (PS 680)?
![Page 64: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Just a few questions, if you please
• Is there any oxidation happening?• Is there any reduction happening?• Is there any catabolism happening• Is there any anabolism happening?• Is there any coupling occuring?• What is this process called?
![Page 65: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
What happens? Well, chemiosmosis happens.
![Page 66: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
What do the Light Reactions produce?
• Light Reactions…
![Page 67: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Light Reaction Review…
![Page 68: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Gimmie Some Sugar!
![Page 69: Bioenergetics Learning Goals 1. Understand laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems 2. Understand that organisms are interdependent,](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e845503460f94b866ea/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Photosynthesis: The Big Picture
Location
Energy conversions
Material inputs/outputs