bioenergy development 2013

Bioenergy Development 2013

Ulf-Peter Granö

Energy harvesting in bioenergy forest

- MTH unit for multi-stem delimbing

- Downy birch stands (MTH = Multi-Tree Handling)

Ulf-Peter Granö

Contents

Some examples of the various R & D projects in bioenergy in Finland

Examples of different ways, for processing of bioenergy and goals

Various types of equipment for harvesting biomass

Right equipments and good wood biomass for better end products

Small-scale CHP options

Integrate business for a good processing of biomass

Some examples of technical solutions for CHP units

Companies who work with small-scale solutions

Some examples of the various R & D work

- Finnish bioenergy research and development

takes place on many levels

Universities and university centres

– R & D in both basic and applied research

Polytechnics/Universities of applied sciences

– applied research

VTT (Finnish State Technical Research Centre)

– Technology development for industry

(Mainly work for large scale applications)

METLA (Forest Research Institute Metla)

– Research based on environmental and utilization of

forest resources

MTT (Research Institute of Agriculture and Food Economics)

– Research based on environmental and utilization of

agricultural resources

Future efforts for Bioenergy Solutions takes place on many fronts,

in a rough division of activities taking place in these organizations;

Ulf-Peter Granö

Innovation and development centres

– Development and some applied research

ProAgria

– Activities agriculture and counseling

Forestry Centres

– Activities for forestry and counseling

Municipalities and associations in various regions

– regional problems

and many other ..........

Future efforts for Bioenergy Solutions, cont.

Ulf-Peter Granö

In rural areas located processing and use of bioenergy

Large-scale processing of biomass into biofuels and

chemical products

Small-scale processing of biomass into biofuels

Cooperation on bioenergy processing and use

Technical solutions for biomass gasification

Development of Energy Cooperative

Harvesting and management techniques for different

types of biomass

Some pick out areas of interest for Bioenergy Solutions

with an Environmental concerns in development

Power (kWe)

Heat (kWth)

Ulf-Peter Granö

Logistic solutions for managing biomass from

forest and field

Interventions for enhancing knowledge

Development and utilization of forest resources

Development and utilization of agricultural resources

Biogas plants and small-scale CHP

Small-scale "Biorefineries"

other ……….

Power

(kWe)

Heat

(kWth)

Bioenergy Solutions with an Environmental

concerns in development, cont.

Ulf-Peter Granö

Different ways for processing

of bioenergy, and goals

- Higher quality needed for a longer-driven

processing

The processing of bio-based raw materials

Material Process Product Energy Available conversion energy

Forest raw materials

-Wood raw materials

- Residues

- Energy plants

Agricultural raw

materials

- Grass

- Reed Canary grass, hemp

- Oilseed

- Grain . . . . . . . . . . .

Manure and waste

- Livestock manure

- biological waste

Municipal waste

- Manure

- Process waste

Combustion Heat

Heat for heating process

Boiler

CHP

Biogas production

Heat

Biogas (methane gas)

Gas engine + generator Electricity

Heat Heat

Pyrolysis Wood gas (Carbon monoxide)

Gas engine + gen.

Heat Electricity

Heat

Alcoholic fermentation

Biogas production

Pyrolysis oil

Biogas production

Separation -> solid Solid fuel

Alcohol Technical raw fuel BTL, GTL

Fuel raw materials Vehicle fuel

Oil refining Vegetable oil

Esterification

Vegetable oil

Biodiesel Vehicle fuel

Oil

Boiler

CHP

Heat

Technical fuel GTL

Vehicle fuel

Electricity

Boiler

Heat

Su

n e

nerg

y –

Ph

oto

syn

thesis

, 6 C

O2

+ 6 H

2O

→ C

6H

12O

6

+

6O

2

Ulf-Peter Granö

Chemicals Chemicals

CHP=Combined Heat and Power

BTL=Biomass to liquid

GTL=Gas to liquid = processing of bioenergy from forest

Raw materials from the forest to the

pellets and combustion

Extraction of energy products when thinning clearing, field drying for

storage - chipping - (final drying) - grinding and pelleting - combustion

Biomass from forest - woody biomass for pelleting

Ulf-Peter Granö

Gasification of forest biomass for heat and power

or to fuel or chemical products

Gasification Product gas purification

Different raw

materials

CHP

Electricity - local heating

GTL

Chemical products

Fuels

Residues

Ulf-Peter Granö

Purified Bio-Syngas

Various types of equipments for

harvesting biomass is used

today

- At higher quality requires better equipment

and knowledge

Harvesting Technology

Ulf-Peter Granö

Multi-Tree Handling at harvest (MTH)

Quality of raw materials are determined already at harvest in the forest. With a so-called accumulating or MTH harvest

units, several trees are managed and also multi-stem delimbing is done at harvest.

MTH units for both roundwood and energy wood

With Komatsu (Valmet) 350 can also manage

multiple trees in the same grip with a skilled

driver at the pre-programmed control levers.

Logset 4M with roll feed. Through

collaboration between the drive

rollers and knives make it possible

for multi-tree handling at harvest.

Timberjack or JD 745 with extra

clamps at the top for multi-tree-

handling. The unit has a drive on

four feed rollers.

Ulf-Peter Granö

Several different models and versions are multi-tree handling and multi-stem delimbing harvester heads that fit

the abstraction of quality raw material for pelleting or gasification. The harvested energy wood requires a well

organized, natural field drying to maintain quality and get a good wood chips that can be processed into pellets.

Multi-stem delimbing of energy wood

Ulf-Peter Granö

Multi-stem delimbing

devices,

- the harvester head is

equipped with multi-tree-

handling (MTH), and

delimbing knives.

Metal's bioenergy harvest research in Kronoby

Energy and pulpwood next service road or collecting route

The result of Logset equipment for

stripe debarking of energy wood

Forwarding of energy wood with a

weight scale equipped forwarder

Field Drying properly

Research and development efforts continue

- Corridor Harvest

Stickväg

Stickväg

Drive

Corridors in fan shape

Geometric corridors

SLU Forest Technology's trial in Sweden

SLU = Swedish Agricultural University

By the Company Vesweed in Haapavesi, Finland (www.vesweed.fi)

Cooperation on technology

development

Corridor Clearance

Ulf-Peter Granö

Short rotation Energy forestry – fast-growing bioenergy trees

Downy birch grows rapidly and can provide a good energy wood harvest, even at 15-20 years of age.

Stands of birch wood for energy, gives already within 20 years a

good quality of wood chips. Downy birch grows rapidly in moist peat.

Harvest of birch with a multi-stem delimbing MTH unit.

After a natural field drying over a summer season, you can get a

good wood raw material from birch, which could then be chipped, finale-drying for pelletising or gasification. Ulf-Peter Granö

Notice the ripped bark

Wood Chipper - A few examples

Bruks-Klockner's mobile wood chipper 805 CT

powered by a diesel engine of 330 kW.

LHM Giant is a Finnish large wood chipper for contractors. The

chipper is mounted on a four-axle truck. For powering the chipper it

has its own 600 hp engine. The hydraulic equipments is powered

by the truck engine. The chippers feed table has the capacity of 18

m3. The chipper can easily handle slash bundles or logs, chipping

capacity is 120-200 m3 wood chips per hour. Ulf-Peter Granö

Right equipments and good wood

biomass for better end products

- For better quality needed skills, accuracy, and

proper equipments

Examples of mobile driers for wood chips - to make good quality of wood chips it should be final dried after chipping

Mobile flat bottom wood chip dryer from Swedish Akron, available in two sizes, 15.5 and 32m³

Photos by, Akron.se

Bridge slot perforation in bottom

Elevator scrapers at the bottom (bridge slot perforation)

Mobile flat bottom dryer, executable made in the hook bin, from the German manufacturer Lauber

Photos by, Lauber GmbH

Examples of mobile driers for wood chips - to make good quality of wood chips it should be final dried after chipping

Bridge slot perforation in bottom

Left,

Stela Belt

dryer,

Photo by Stela.de

Right,

Stela Drum

dryer

Photo by Stela.de

Right. Silo dryer Above, Drum dryer,

Dryers for wood chips - Some examples of other types of dryers

Pelletising trials in Evijärvi

Pelleting trials with mobile pelleting equipment

Ulf-Peter Granö

Combustion experiments at SLU-BTK,

Biofuel-technical centre in Umeå, SE

Combustion Experiments

Green parts, small twigs and bark provide poor pellets and creates

problems with Coke formation in the pellet burner (top right)

Photos by, Sylvia Larsson

Ulf-Peter Granö

The company Pyro-Man from Sievi, Kimmo Ahola

Cooperation with companies developing new technologies

Wood-gasifying pellet burner

Ulf-Peter Granö

Designing a pellet factory

A small pellet plant in operation, SPC (Sweden Power Chippers Ltd); 1. Cyclone for the dried and milled wood chips,

2. The mixing and metering unit, 3. Pellet press, 4. Conveyor up to the condenser, 5. Pellet Cooler,

6. Conveyor to the pellet silo, 7. Pellet silo, 8. Sack-up equipment for small bags, 9. Wrapper for small bags on a pallet,

10. Wood pellets in small bags on a pallet. Ulf-Peter Granö

Small pellets plants for local producers Examples of a smaller pelleting plant

Schematic diagram of an example of a less pelleting plant: 1. Feed silo for dried wood chips, 2. Transport Screw,

3. Wood chip grinder, 4. Fan Conveyor, 5. Cyclone, 6. Auger with any steam addition, 7. Pellet Press, 8. Elevator,

9. Pellet Cooler, 10. Pellet Conveyor, 11. Big Bag. Ulf-Peter Granö

Small-scale CHP options Heat and Power

(CHP - Combined Heat and Power)

(MCHP - Micro CHP)

In rural areas, decentralized CHP

units close to raw materials and

local customers

- Set requirements for raw material quality for

the desired quality of the end product

- Choose and customize the equipments so the

quality can be achieved

CHP units with direct combustion

Ulf-Peter Granö

From the forest

Boiler

Biomass

Power (kWe)

Heat (kWth)

Steam turbine

Small CHP unit

ORC

Power (kWe)

Heat (kWth) Stirling

CHP unit

Large

Boiler

Combustion

Moist wood

chips

Energy wood

Stirling

Harvest

Chipping wood

Final drying of

wood chips

Dry wood

chips

Combustion

CHP units with gasification and the use of Bio-Syngas for direct combustion

Boiler

Combustion

Small CHP unit

ORC

Stirling

CHP Unit

Large

Boiler

Combustion

Stirling

Purification and Cooling Product gas

Bio-Syngas

Gasification

reactor

Gasification

of biomass

Power (kWe)

Heat

(kWth)

Power (kWe)

Heat

(kWth)

Moist wood

chips

Dry wood

chips

Steam turbine

Ulf-Peter Granö

Gasification for product gas / wood gas for

electricity generation

Bio-Syngas

Bio-SNG

Gas engine

+

Generator

Fuel cell

Purification and cooling

of ”wood gas”

Reactor

Gasification

of biomass

Biomass from forest

or

Micro turbine

Power

(kWe)

Heat

(kWth)

Ulf-Peter Granö

Integrated CHP with Gasification of biomass

Ulf-Peter Granö

Heat

(kWth)

Power (kWe)

Purification and

Cooling

Product gas Bio-Syngas

Small CHP unit Biomass

Gas engine + generator

Microturbine + generator

Bio-Syngas

CHP= Combined Heat and Power

Moist wood

chips

Dry wood

chips

Gasification

reactor

Gasification

of biomass

CHP through integration with gasification of biomass

Steam turbine

ORC

Moist wood chips

Heat

(kWth)

Power (kWe)

Gasification

reactor

Gasification of

biomass

Purification and

Cooling of product gas

Bio-Syngas

CHP unit

Large

Boiler

Combustion

Stirling

Biomass

Smaller local CHP unit

Gas engine + generator Micro turbine + generator

Heat

(kWth)

Power (kWe)

or

Ulf-Peter Granö

Dry wood chips

CHP biogas plant

Small CHP unit

Gas engine

+ generator

Micro turbine

+ generator

Anaerobic

Fermentation

Biogas Production

Bacteria

Biogas

Energy Plants

- Reed canary grass

- Hemp, and others

Wet biomass - Manure

- Bio-waste, etc

Specific biomass

Heat

(kWth)

Power (kWe)

Ulf-Peter Granö

CHP= Combined Heat and Power

Integrate business for a good

processing of biomass

- By coordinating and integrating better results,

utilization can be increased and wastage

can be reduced

Integration Opportunities

Chips Drying

CHP unit (power + heat)

Energy Terminals with an integrated management,

- Biomass raw materials and

- Processed raw materials

Gasification of biomass (for heat or cogeneration)

Solar energy

Geothermal energy

Pellet Production

Biogas production from agricultural

Processing of raw material for motor fuel

etc.

Ulf-Peter Granö

CHP - combined heat and power

Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + Stirling

Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle)

Direct combustion of wood chips / pellets + small steam turbine

Gasification + direct combustion + Stirling

Gasification + direct combustion + ORC

Gasification + direct combustion + Hot air turbine

Gasification + direct combustion + Steam engine

Gasification + Gas engine (piston engines)

Gasification + Microturbine

Biogas + Gas engine

Biogas + Microturbine

Combined Bio-Syngas and biogas + Gas engine or Microturbine

Ulf-Peter Granö

From forest

Biomass Power (kWe) Heat (kWth)

Energy Terminal

Bioenergy materials - Products

Heat (kWth)

Integration with local Energy Terminal

Local

heating plant

local district heating

Cogeneration

Wood chips Wood pellets

Wood biomass Sawdust

Fire wood

Storage section for energy products

Stumps Slash-

bundles

Ulf-Peter Granö

Small

CHP plant

From forest

Biomass

Local heating plant

Integration with Solar and Geothermal energy

Solar energy

local district heating

Geothermal energy

Geothermal

(kWth)

Solar heat

Ulf-Peter Granö

CHP with biomass gasification integrated with an ORC unit

Heat

(kWth)

water

thermal oil 300 ºC steam

organic liquid

Power (kWe)

Power production

Combustion of

Bio-Syngas

Large Boiler

Purification

and Cooling

Product gas

Bio-Syngas

Wood chips

Ulf-Peter Granö

Gasification

reactor

ORC unit

Integration, Wood Gas and Biogas CHP

CHP= Combined Heat and Power Ulf-Peter Granö

Processing Handling

Wood chipping

Wood crushing

Energy Entrepreneurs harvest and process biomass

From forest

Biomass

Harvesting Heat / CHP

Transport

Field Drying

Energy Contractor Energy Entrepreneurs

Ulf-Peter Granö

Some examples of technical

solutions for CHP units

Direct combustion of wood chips or pellets

A four cylinder Stirling engine generator

of 35 kWe, which is mounted on a boiler.

Stirling modules mounted in series, of

35 kWe / pc. (2 x 35 = 70 kWe, 3 x 35 =105 kWe

www.Stirling.dk

Photos by, Stirling DK

CHP with Stirling Technology

MCHP (Micro CHP)

KWB in Austria and SPM

(Stirling Power Module) in

Germany has a pellet fired

boiler with Stirling engine.

The plant unit produces, - 1 kW power and

- 15 kW heat.

http://www.kwb.at/en/

Photo by, KWB

http://www.turboden.eu/

Turboden from Italy

manufactures ORC CHP

units in sizes between 200

kWe - 2.4 MWe.

Heat production (left) is

about 4 times greater than

power from the plant.

500 kWe Turboden, CHP

unit in Nocera Inferiore,

Italy

Photos by, Turboden

CHP with ORC technology (boiler for wood chips)

German Maxxtec manufactures ORC, CHP

units in sizes between 100 kWe - 2 MWe.

Photos by, Maxxtec

http://www.maxxtec.net/

Direct combustion of wood chips or pellets

CHP with biomass gasification.

Nexterra in Canada has a CHP unit with gas

engine and generator of 2 MW.

http://www.nexterra.ca/

http://www.gasek.fi/


GASEK in Reisjärvi, Finland

manufactures CHP modules in

containers.

Sample size, 50 kW and 100 kWth

The gasification of wood chips

Photo by, Nexterra

Photo by, GasEk Photo by, GasEk


HTI

Heat Transfer International in Michigan

has a CHP unit with direct combustion of

bio-syngas and a hot air turbine

generator, available in sizes between 200

kWe - 10 MWe.

http://www.heatxfer.com/

http://www.volter.fi/

Eco-village / neighbourhood

Eco-village in Kempele have Volters chips

drying and gasification plant.

The nominal power output is 35 kWe.

Eco-village has its own completely

independent off grids power system.

A small wind turbines contribute to electricity

supply.


Volter in Kempele, Finland, along with CCM Power developed CHP units and chips dries.

Photos by, HTI

Photos by, Ulla Lassi



XyloWatt

Belgian company has XyloWatt

CHP units with duo-diesel.

For these Bio-syngas is the main

fuel (80-90%).

The rest is biodiesel or diesel.

They have CHP units in sizes

from 300 kWe and 600 kWth to

1500 kWe / 3000 kWth

Photos by, XyloWatt

http://www.xylowatt.com


Specific investment Costs

Plant size MWe

EUR/kWe

CHP with steam turbine cycle (with back pressure turbine)

~ 1 MWe > 1.500

CHP with gas turbine cycle ~20 MWe > 1.200

Microturbine 30-75 kWe 650 – 1.100

CHP plants with diesel and gas engines (Biogas)

30-75 kWe 1.250 – 1.800

Steam-engine process ~500 kWe > 1.500

CHP on the basis of an ORC process (Organic Rankine Cycle)

~500 kWe > 2.300

Stirling engine process 10 - 40 kWe > 2.400

Hot air turbine cycle ~250 – 500 kWe > 3.900

CHP with fuel cell technology ~100 kWe > 3.000

CHP Gasifying of Biomass, gas engines ~25 – 50 kWe > 2.500

Investment costs (as by Energy Technology Austria)

Some Finnish Companies who

work with small-scale solutions

for CHP

GASEK

CHP via gasification of wood chips

CHP unit on Farmari Fair in Kokkola 2009;

50 kWe (power)

100 kWth (heat)

The inventor is Eero Kangasoja and developer Yrjö Muilu

Heikki Majava and Leo Ruokamo

CCM-Power

CCM-Power - pilot gasifier

Pilot unit for gasification

Computer-controlled monitoring

of the gasification system

CCM-Power is now part of the

company GASEK Ltd

Ulf-Peter Granö

Draft by CCM-Power Ulf-Peter Granö

CCM-Power (included in GASEK company)

Wood chip dryer

(Shown at Farmari Fair 2009 in Kokkola)

- height 12 m

- Closed drying system

- Capacity approx. 40 m3 of water per day.

- Energy need less than normal wood chip drying

Volter Oy

Eco-village (or Eco-blocks)

In Kempele just south of Oulu

- 10 homes receiving electricity and heat from a

small-scale CHP unit, by gasification of wood chips

- Supplemented with a small wind turbine

- Completely independent of the grid

- Low-energy houses

Photos by, Volter.fi

CHP unit in Lestijärvi The gasification of wood chips Owners, "Lestijärvi chips cooperatives” Contact,, Harri Kavanterä

Harri Kavanterä

Total heat production about 1.7 MWth, and about 300 kWe power,

from CHP unit.

Silo dryer for wood chips

Drying of wood chips from about 35%

down to about 25% moisture

Ulf-Peter Granö

New CHP plant to Lestijärvi Gasification of wood chips with the BioNear gasifier 2013

– the new CHP gasification unit from TuroTeam under construction

HKGBioNear

Toholammin Energia Oy

The new Turboden ORC

unit now in use (2013)

- 8,2 MWth (heat)

- 1,3 MWe (power)

The combustion of wood chips and peat in a Vapor bubble bed boiler and ORC CPH unit from Turboden

Vapor Finland Oy

Vapor has its manufacturing units, in Nivala, and Kiuruvesi.

Development of wood gasifiers underway

Picture by, Vapor

A different wood chip dryer

Model XX-large

- In use at Kokkolan Voima in Kokkola/Karleby

Kokkola Power, stack drying of wood chips

- The dryer use waste heat from the CHP plant

- Main channel consists of sea containers with openings in the bottom

Photo by, Henrik Holmberg,

For more information

Please see the Internet;

http://www.scribd.com/Priki1/documents

bioenergy development 2013

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