Biofouling : Recognizing the problem . ME

Often, oil field systemsexperience severe problemsdue to incompatible watermixing. Naturally occurringorganics in the flowing watersadhere to pipewalls and otherequipment. This base of organicnutrients attracts free-floating(planktonic) bacteria. Theyattach themselves to thesenutrient-rich surfaces andmultiply, forming a biofilm.

These attached (sessile)bacteria colonies set up condi-tions that are conducive tobiofouling.

Biofouling, which can includethe development of corrosionand scale deposits, can severelydamage your system. Thebyproducts- polymer slimes-cause plugged injection wells.fouled filter and softener beds.flow line fouling. pitting corrosion

and hydrogen sulfide evolution.Sometimes. biofilm is coveredby corrosion products or scale,making it extremely difficult todetect bacteria.

Petrolite has taken this theoryof biofouling and microbialinduced corrosion and hasdeveloped technology to detect,measure. chemically controland monitor your oil field systemusing X-CIDE products andPetrolite expertise.

... Identifying a solutionWhat you can ' t see canhurt you.The problem with oil field

microorganisms is that youcan't see them. All you can seeare the results of their activities-dirty water, slime, degradedpolymer and leaky flow lines. AtPetrolite, we identify andenumerate your bacterialproblems, then devise a treat-ment plan unique to your system.

No FOR project is safe.Oil field microorganisms are

right at home with these newtechnologies: especially polymerfloods. All of the polymers thatare currently in use in the oil fieldare subject to microbial attackwhich can result in loss ofviscosity, impaired mobility andplugging. This can mean thatyour project won't enhance oilrecovery.

X-CIDE products : testedand approved.

Petrolite offers a completerange of liquid and solid micro-biocides to control bacteria andprevent the operational prob-lems that they cause.

All Tretolite X-CIDE micro-biocides are registered in theUnited States with the Environ-mental Protection Agency. stateand local regulatory commis-sions and with internationalenvironmental control agencies.

TSA programs keep your entireoperation in balance.

Petrolite's Total SystemsApproach program is a step-by-step evaluation. We surveyyour entire production andwater handling system withstate-of-the-art equipment andtechniques to determine theproblem. the product and theprogram that's right for you.

TSK programsand X-CIDE products for microbial controlWe diagram your system to:

1. Identify potential problemlocations.

2. Determine capacities.volumes and operatingconditions.

3. Confirm operating charac-teristics of the system.

4. Determine age of system.present chemical injectionpoints , products used.

5. Use as a base of discussionwith plant operationspersonnel.

O Controllingbacteria at thewell head is animportant firststep. YourPetrolite repre-sentative mayalso take samplesof your drillingfluids, well servicechemicals andfracturing fluid.

He may also sample incomingpipelines from offshore or otherlocations just prior to the freewater knock out (FWKO).

© Interface problems are causedby bacterial growth creatingslime and by incompatiblechemical treatment. It is impor-tant that your Petrolite represen-tative determine the cause of theinterface and recommend atreatment program which willprotect your investment in ex-pensive downstream equipment.

© Bioslime trapped on paddlesand weirs of your water clarifierswill reduce output quality.Samples from various points inthe flotation unit and in thepiping before and after the flo-tation unit are returned to thelaboratory for more extensivetesting.@ Grab samples are taken atvarious locations throughout thesystem. Some are tested at thesite or analyzed at our localfield labs. In some cases watersamples are sent to one of ourthree primary analytical labslocated in the U.S.. the U.K. andin Singapore for completemineral analysis.

O Biological growth is increasedwhen make-up water is co-mingled with process water.Microbial control becomescritical at this point. Additionally,new chemical compounds may

be introduced into your system,reducing the overall effective-ness of your treatment program.

With more than a dozen years ofexperience using the ATPmonitoring unit, Petrolite hasmore experience in evaluatingthese results than all otherchemical companies combined.O Filter media is checked to de-termine growth and to determineif the slime is a biological growthor chemical deposit.

Laboratory monitoringdevices such as this slide froman Epifluorescent microscopehelp our scientists enumerateand identify microbial problems.

©The need for more accuratesessile bacteria monitoring ledto the development of the PetroliteBioprobe which is connected to

access fittings in both high andlow pressure water systems. Aunique instrument , the probe isfar more accurate than any otherfield method when it comes toduplicating actual conditions inyour pipeline . The probe verifiessessile population growth and theX-CIDE biocides effectiveness.

E' Samples taken from the fieldare expressed to our researchcenters for more comprehensivetesting and programverification. Here aSessile PopulationMonitoring Device isused to determine therate of bacterialfouling and for compar-ing the effectivenessof different biocidesusing a side stream

OX = TYPICAL TEST/MONITOR LOCATIONS

Field SupportThe state-of-the-art equip-

ment and techniques used toevaluate your system are allpart of our Total SystemsApproach program. Wethoroughly survey your entireproduction and water handlingsystem to identify your specificproblems.

Petrolite's TSA program issupported by one of the mostsophisticated research labora-tories in the industry. Ourresearch and development staffprovides technical backup toour field staff to assure you ofsuccessful results.

Petrolite's worldwide networkof manufacturing facilities. blendplants and distribution pointsguarantees your chemicals willbe delivered where and whenyou need them.

Prevent microbial problemsand maximize profits. Contactthe Petrolite Oil Field Chemicals

Group . 16010 Barker's PointLane , Suite 600 , Houston.TX 77079; ( 713) 558-5200;

Telex 4620346.Petrolite. People. Products.Technology . Results.

X-CIDE Biocides Selection ChartX-CIDE BIOCIDESARE EFFECTIVE / / ,c^

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XC-107

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XC-307,XC-370

XC-402

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fJ5vd .To-ywb Petrolite Oil FieldChemicals Group

Group Headquarters16010 Barker's Point LaneSuite 600Houston, Texas 77079713/558-5200Telex: 4620346 PETRO UI

Executive Offices

Petrolite International100 North BroadwaySt. Louis, Missouri 63102314/241-8370Telex: 44899 PETROLITE STLCable address:Petrolite-St. Louis

Petrolite Limited137 Finchley RoadLondon, NW3 6JE01/586-1251Telex: 264285 PETLTD G

Manufacturing andTechnical ServicesKirkby Industrial EstateBirchill RoadLiverpool L33 7TD051/546-2855Telex: 629398 PETLPL G

Petrolite Pacific Pte. Ltd.2 Tanjong Penjuru CrescentJurong, Singapore 2260268-0511Telex: 26717 PETPAC RSCable address:Tretolite Singapore

Manufacturing Plants

Batam , Indonesia(under construction)

Brea, California714/529-2101

Liverpool, England051/546-2855

Matamoros , Mexico3-33-35

Pasadena ( Bayport ), Texas713/474-5166

St. Louis, Missouri314/961-3500

Singapore268-0511

Field and Sales Offices

Petrolite Oil Field Chemicals Grouphas more than 400 representativesthroughout the world.

Blend Plants and Warehouses

In order to properly service ourcustomers, we have established anetwork of blend plants andwarehouses in strategic locationsin the oil producing centers ofthe world.

Chemicals and Services

Tretolite. X-Cide, Total Systems Approach and TSA are trademarks ofPetrolite Corporation.c 1985 Petrolite Corporation. All rights reserved.OF4006-G P5 M-785