BioGeoChemical Cycles

ENERGY & MATTEREnergy is not the only thing

that moves through the ecosystem.

Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed.

Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms

CARBON

HYDROGEN

OXYGEN

NITROGEN

The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in___________________________BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

WATER CYCLE= ___________________HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Makes up 60-70% of your body

Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

building blocks of cells

photosynthesis

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Water is a good _________________Many molecules dissolve in water so itprovides a place for chemical reactionsto happen

Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with__________________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

SOLVENT

HOMEOSTASIS

WATER CYCLE

evaporation

condensation

http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________

The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________

http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm

TRANSPIRATION

PRECIPITATION

PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html

WATER CYCLE

CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inocean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE

CO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inOcean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil

fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks

atmosphereocean

landUnderground

Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?

CO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inOcean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

1.________________ 2.______________ 3._________________4.____________ of dead organisms

Volcanic activityHuman activity (burning fossil fuels)Cellular respirationDecomposition

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

BUILDING BLOCKS

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on.

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

GLUCOSEPHOTOSYNTHESIS

N2 in Atmosphere

NH3

NO3-

and NO2-

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

__________________make DNA and RNA

Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______

Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

NITROGEN BASES

ATP

amino acids

79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas

(N2)

Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!

The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________

CAN’T

lightningVolcanic activityfew special bacteria

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif

Bacteria that live ______________and in _________ relationships withplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

in the soilsymbiotic

legumes

AMMONIA (NH3)

NITROGEN FIXATION

Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell

Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from

the ___________ ___________ we breathe!

NITRATES (NO3- )

FOOD WE EATNOT THE AIR

& NITRITES (NO2-)

N2 in Atmosphere

NH3

NO3-

and NO2-

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process

___________ → _____________.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

in the soil

NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS

DENITRIFICATION

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water

Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water

Phosphate moves through food web

Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition

Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle

Phosphorus cycle

is only biogeochemical

cycle that does

NOT cycle through the ______________

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

atmosphere

WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

Makes DNA and RNA

Transfers energy as ATP

Makes phospholipids for cell membranes

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle

Both are GASSES important to all living things.

Unlike water which always stays water, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) convert back and forth as they cycle on the planet.

ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONDuring respiration

(breathing), animals inhale oxygen (O2) and convert it to carbon dioxide (CO2).

PLANT CONTRIBUTIONDuring

photosynthesis (the process where plants make food for themselves) plants breathe in carbon dioxide (CO2) and exhale oxygen (O2).

DECOMPOSERSDead organic

material contains carbon dioxide (CO2), so as decomposers break down the tissue, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

FOSSIL FUELSOil, Gas, Coal are

examples. When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into the atmosphere.