Biogeography of West Indian birds and their malaria parasites

Bob Ricklefs and Leticia SoaresUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis

Steven LattaThe National Aviary

The biogeography of West Indian birds

Bob Ricklefs and Leticia SoaresUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis

Steve LattaNational Aviary, Pittsburgh

BananaquitCoereba flaveola

???

GrayKingbird

Lesser AntilleanBullfinch

HouseWren

Adelaide’sWarbler

GrayKingbird

Lesser AntilleanBullfinch

HouseWren

Adelaide’sWarbler

Expansion

GrayKingbird

Lesser AntilleanBullfinch

HouseWren

Adelaide’sWarbler

Differentiation

extinct

extinct

GrayKingbird

Lesser AntilleanBullfinch

HouseWren

Adelaide’sWarbler

Differentiation

Fragmentation

extinct

extinct

GrayKingbird

Lesser AntilleanBullfinch

HouseWren

Adelaide’sWarbler

Differentiation

Fragmentation

Re-expansion

YU CU BH JA/CY HI PR VI NoLA GR/SV SA

+?

Mitochondrial evidence

Nuclear evidenceBananaquitCoereba flaveola

After Eva Bellemain et al. (2008,BMC Evolutionary Biology)

Coereba flaveola Greater Antilles Lesser Antilles

Lineages (>9 infs) GC LC CB JA DR PR EY MO BU AN GU DO MA SL BA SV GR

DR 03 19 6

JA 02 20 4 3 6

LA 07 49 1 6 1 1 2 29

OZ 02 5 21 23 4 11

OZ 04 35 2 2 1 3 1 14 3

OZ 19 2 10

OZ 21 2 16 1 1 4 13 9 6 18 34

Haemosporidian lineages of the bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), the most abundant bird in the West Indies

Haemosporidian pathogeography of a single host species

Lineage HC

Prevalence in Coereba flaveola

0 10 20 30 40 50

Pre

vale

nce in L

oxig

illa n

octis

0

10

20

30

40

50

BU AN

MO

GU

DO

MA SL

SV

LNO heavily infectedwith lineage LA 08

GRReplaced by LA 07

Lineage OZ 21

These islands lack LA 07

Across islands in the Lesser Antilles

Frequency of OZ01

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

Fre

que

ncy o

f ho

st spe

cie

s

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Bananaquit

Black-faced Grassquit

Fre

que

ncy

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

OZ01

SK NE MO BU AN GU DO MA SL BA SV CA GR

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20 TBI

Plasmodium sp.

Tiarisbicolor

Missouri

Michigan Connecticut

DPN,GTR(2), ZALDCA, DCO, DMA, DPN,GTR(2), MVA, PAT, SAU,VRU(2), ZAL

DCO, DMA(3), IVI,MVA,OFO, PAM(3),SNO, VGR(2)

DCA, DCO, SAU(2)SRU,VPI

DPA

DCR(4),DMA,SNO(2)

DPA(2), MVA

SAU, SNO

Lineage KZ 01Plasmodium

Transmission observed

Missouri

Michigan Connecticut

Lineage OZ 04Plasmodium

CCA, IVI(3), MVA(2), PCY(2), VOL(5)

LNO

DPL(9), LNO(6), MFT, TBI(5), TPL

CFA(3), DDI,LVI, TBI, TOL CFA(3), NSP(2),

TBI, TOL

CFA(3), CRU(2), DPL(6), LNO(3), MFU, QLU, TBI(7)

CFA(2)

CFA(14), DAD(2), EMA(2), LNO(4), MGI(2), TBI(5)CFA, IBO, TBI(3)

QLU(2), VJA

CFA(35),ECA(25),EJA, LAN(2), ILE, LVI(3), TBI(10), TOL(10)

ICR(2)

Transmission not observed (?)

MFU