NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES

NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES

Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist. He was the first researcher to isolate and identify nucleic acid.

NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES

MAURICE WILKINS AND ROSALIND FRANKLIN

NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES

WATSON AND CRICK.SECONDARY STRUCTURE ODF DNA.

NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES

WATSON AND CRICK.SECONDARY STRUCTURE ODF DNA.DOUBLE HELIX

NUCLEOTIDE

NUCLEOTIDESForm the repeating unit of Nucleic Acids

Phosphate

Nitrogenous Base

SUGAR

NUCLEOTIDESForm the repeating unit of Nucleic Acids

Phosphate Group

This molecule is an Acid. That means that this substance in water expels or produces protons (H+)

A sugar of five atoms of Carbon

Ribose in Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

HRIBOSE HH

1

23

4

5

If the Nucleic Acid is DNA the sugar is Deoxyribose

Deoxy means without oxygen

DEOXYRIBOSE

HH

A GN

N

N

NH

N

N

N

NH

ADENINE GUANINE

NITROGENOUS BASES

C TNH

N N

NH

CYTOSINE THYMINE

N

NH

U

URACIL

12

34

5

6

NITROGENOUS BASES

RNA COMPONENTS

HHHH

N

U

H

RIBOSEH H

A Nucleotide

NUCLEOTIDESForm the repeating unit of Nucleic Acids

This is a fragment of Nucleic Acid

A

G

A

T

T

C DNA or RNA?

This is a fragment of Nucleic Acid

A

U

A

U

A

C DNA or RNA?

paperA

G

C

T

RNA TYPES

mRNA

Messenger RNA

GENE

Transfer RNA. tRNA

tRNA

RIBOSOMAL . rRNA

DNA COMPONENTS

H H

DEOXYRIBOSE

H

Compare the Sugars

DNA AND NUCLEUS

Plasmid

Nucleoid

DNA AND MITOCHONDRION.Mitochondrial DNA takes 35 genes.

DNA AND CHLOROPLASTS.

Double Stranded with base paring

Secuencia de Bases Nitrogenadas del Gen de la Cadena Alfa de la Hemoglobina.

Sequence of Nitrogenous bases of the -a chain

Haemoglobin gene.

Atelopus varius

Bufo periglenesGolden Toad

Atelopus varius

Bufo periglenesGolden Toad

THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY Proposed by Francis CricK.

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Transcription

Translation

REPLICATION

RNA Viruses

rRNA

THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY Proposed by Francis CricK .

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Transcription

Translation

REPLICATION

RNA Viruses

DNApolymerase

TranscriptaseRNA polymerase

REPLICATION

RNA RETROVIRUSES AS HIV

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Transcription

TranslationREPLICATION

REPLICATION

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

INTEGRASEENZYME

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

EUKARYOTICCELLS

THE GENETIC CODE AND THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS IN mRNA each

group o f th ree N i t rogenous bases i s ca l l ed Tr ip le t o r Codon and each Codon cod ifi es one Amino

THE GENETIC CODE AND THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS

Using the information above, make the Transcription.

Take now the Genetic Code, and make the translation

RNA RETROVIRUSES AS HIV

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Transcription

TranslationREPLICATION

REPLICATION

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION

RNApolymerase

THE GENETIC CODE

BACTERIAN KINASE PROTEIN GENE

BACTERIAN KINASE PROTEIN GENE

TRIPLETS OR CODONS

DNA mRNA

Amino Acid

CTT

GCC

CTC

GCT

CTG

ACC

ACC

DNA mRNA

Amino Acid

CTC

TTC

TGG

GAC

AAT