biological and pharmaceutical importance of proteins
TRANSCRIPT
BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS
ASAD BILALUniversity Of Lahore
My AgendaIntroduction to ProteinsBiological Importance Cellular Functions Structural Importance Enzymes Hormones Transport Proteins Messenger Proteins Antibodies Plasma Proteins Proteins in the diet
Pharmaceutical Importance Proteins as pharmaceuticals Proteins applications Whey proteins health effects Iron chelate Protein Zinc chelate Protein Tumor markers
Introduction Proteins are the large biological
molecules consisting of one or more chains of Amino Acids.
A Polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of Amino Acids bonded together by a peptide bond.
Types of ProteinsBasically there are two types of Proteins. Globular Proteins Fibrous Proteins
Cellular Functions Structural Support Biochemical reactions of cell Role of proteins in Plasma membrane
Structural Support Microfilaments Distribution of Organelles Formation of mitotic Spindle Actin Filaments Cell movements Intermediate Filaments Architectural support inside cells
Biochemical reactions of cell
Enzyme action
Role of Proteins in Plasma membrane
Various Functions Nucleoproteins Multiple Protein Assemblies Collagen Flegella
Structural Importance Most structural proteins are fibrous
proteins e.g. Actin Tubulin These proteins form fibers on
polymerization.
Some other examples are Collagen Elastin Keratin
EnzymesThere are three types of enzymes Metabolic enzymes Digestive enzymes Food enzymes
Saying of Dr. Edward Howell “Humans are given a limited supply of enzyme energy at birth and that is up to us to replenish our supply enzymes to ensure that their vital jobs get done. If we don’t replenish our supply , we get the risk of ill health.”
Howell also postulates “The length of life is inversely proportional to the rate of exhaustion of the enzyme potential of an organism. The increased use of food enzymes promotes a decreased rate of exhaustion of the enzyme potential.”
Hormones Testosterone Estrogen Growth Hormone (GH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Thyroid Hormone (TH) Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone(MSH) Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) Prolactin
Transport Proteins These are often Globular type of
proteins Generally tightly packed with polar side
group on the outside of molecule. e.g. Serum albumin Myoglobin Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin It has four similar chains, two with 141
amino acids and remaining two with 146 and a haem group.
Sensitive factors for Hemoglobin to carry Oxygen.
pH Temperature Concentration of O2
Concentration of CO2
No. of already bounded O2 molecules
Myoglobin It contains 151 amino acids residue with
a haem group to bond to oxygen. Perform functions in Muscle tissue. Taking oxygen from hemoglobin in
blood. Storage and carriage of oxygen.
Messenger Proteins These are generally quite small proteins, many
are hormones. e.g. OxytocinOccurs in females and stimulates uterine contraction. VasopressinMajor function is as antidiuretic. Each of these has 9 amino acids. InsulinRegulates glucose metabolism.
Antibodies These are protein
components of immune system.
Have main function to bind antigens.
Gramicidin S, Tyrocidin and Penicillin G are peptides.
Plasma Proteins Albumin Made mainly in liver. Helps to keep the blood from leaking out
of blood vessels. Help to carry medicines and other
substances. Important for tissue growth and healing.
Globulin Made up of different proteins i.e. alpha,
beta and gamma types. Have a role in immunity. Determines chances of developing an
infection.
Proteins in Diet
Sources of Proteins Meat Beef Poultry Fish Eggs Beans Nuts Milk
Importance as a diet Required to provide building stones
(amino acids). To make good the tissue loss and to
build up new tissue proteins after a wasting illness.
Supply amino acids for the synthesis of enzymes and proteinous hormones.
For the synthesis of plasma proteins
PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE
Proteins as pharmaceuticals Protein-based drugs are fastest growing
class of drugs. Insulin was the first pharmaceutical
protein produced using genetic engineering.
Now a days due to high demand its high demand it is produced by cloned bacterium E.Coli.
Proteins Applications The applications of proteins include Antibodies Vaccines Hormones Enzymes Human serum albumins
Whey Proteins Health Effects They reduces the risk of diseases such as
heart diseases, cancer and diabetes. These are abundant source of branched
chain amino acids. Whey proteins contain the amino acid
cysteine which can be used for making glutathione.
Large amount of whey proteins can increase the cellular glutathione level.
Glutathione It is an antioxidant that defends the
body against free radical damage and some toxins.
Milk proteins reduce the risk of cancer in animals.
Iron Chelate Protein
Zinc Chelate Protein
Tumor Markers Alpha-FetoProtein (AFP) Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Bete-2-microglobulin (B2M) Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
(EGFR) NMP22
