biological invasions by insects in mozambique: the case of ... · tuta absoluta (lepidoptera :...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta
Cugala, D.
Departamento de Protecção Vegetal
Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal
FAO SFS PROJECT, Regional Training Workshop
ARUSHA – TANZANIA, 23rd October - 2nd November 2016
![Page 2: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biological Invasions (invasive alien species - IAS): species
which are accidental and/or deliberately introduced to a new area
The term ‘‘biological invasion’’ highlights the negative impacts on biodiversity, human economy and/or health
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biological invasions are emerging as one of the major threats
to sustainable development, impacting:
1. Agriculture;
2. Biodiversity;
3. ecosystem services;
4. human health, and;
5. increasing human vulnerability
They represent a major threat to agricultural production and food security
![Page 4: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Factors that contribute for increasing rates of invasions
Several factors which contribute to rapid acceleration of introductions of insect species include: 1. Process of international Globalization
2. Rapid development of transport
3. Increase of human movement and interactions and
their goods;
4. Increased international trade and its liberalization
5. Climatic changes
![Page 5: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economic consequences
Spread
Population growth and
establishment
Adaptation
Arrival
Biological invasions progress
![Page 6: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Specific management strategies can be implemented to
mitigate the risk posed by an invasive species at each phase
Invasion phase Management activities Priority
actions
Before arrival Inspection and prevention First
option
Arrival International quarantines
Inspection and rapid response
Establishment Early detection and rapid
response and Eradication
Spread Domestic quarantines
Barrier zones
Invasiveness Implementation of controlling
strategies
Last
option
![Page 7: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The case of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta:
in Mozambique
![Page 8: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native
from South America
It was recently detected in African Continent in 2006
Infestation of tomato by T. absoluta often results in
significant reduction in yield and quality of the fruit
Some times reaching 100% crop loss
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta
![Page 9: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Some detections in Africa:
Egypt, 2006
Morocco 2008
Libya 2009
Sudan, 2011;
Ethiopia, 2012
Kenya, 2014;
Tanzania, 2015;
Uganda, 2005
In Mozambique, it was first detected for the
first time in Manica Province, Chandroca,
2016 (traps)
![Page 10: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Surveillance to monitor the of Tuta absoluta was conducted
Northern part of the country: Cabo Delagdo and Niassa
provinces;
Central region: Manica, Tete and (Sofala) provinces;
South Mozambique: Maputo and Gaza provinces;
At selected sampling sites 1 to 2 traps were placed in
tomatoes fields;
In some fields tomato leafs and fruits were collected and
reared in the Laboratory;
ENM (Maxent) was used to predict current and future
distribution of Tuta absoluta;
Monitoring and detection of Tuta absoluta
![Page 11: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sampling sites in Mozambique
![Page 12: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Northern region:
Niassa, province
![Page 13: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Central region:
Tete province
![Page 14: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Southern region:
Chokwe district, Gaza province
Mahelane, Namaacha district, Maputo
![Page 15: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chokwe, district
![Page 17: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Level of infestation of the tomato leaf miner,
Tuta absoluta
![Page 18: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Field severely infested (Tete province)
![Page 19: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Damage and symptoms caused by Tuta absoluta
![Page 20: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A farmer trying to recover tomato field by applying insecticides
![Page 21: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 m
ean n
um
ber
of
Tuta
absolu
ta a
dults/t
rap/d
ay
Sampling Districts
![Page 22: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Predicting distribution of Tuta absoluta (today)
![Page 23: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Predicting distribution of Tuta absoluta (next 20 years)
![Page 24: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Predicting distribution of Tuta absoluta (next 50 years)
![Page 25: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What to do: Controlling methods
1. Trapping to reduce the male population 2. Cultural control (Practice of Good Sanitation) 3. Chemical control 4. Biological control
For effective control, need to use more than one
strategy targeting more than one development
stage;
First monitor the presence of T. absoluta population (adult
male)
Early in the season place 2 traps/ha
When 3 moths/trap/week are captured, the farmer should start
implementing controlling methods;
![Page 26: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
First monitor the presence of T. absoluta population
(adult male)
Early in the season place 2 traps/ha
When 3 moths/trap/week are captured, the farmer
should start implementing controlling methods;
When the number of moths is more than 30
adults/trap/ week, the number of traps should
increase to 30/ha;
The lure should be replaced every 6 weeks;
1. Mass trapping to reduce the male population
![Page 27: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The farmers should inspect the tomato plants for
miners, larvae;
Infested plants and plant parts should removed and
destroyed;
Plant residues after harvest should be also removed
and destroyed
Eliminate alternative host plants
2. Cultural control (Practice of Good Sanitation)
![Page 28: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The use of pesticides should be started when 3 or more moths/trap/week are caught;
3. Chemical Control
![Page 29: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Chemical control:
Recommedned insecticidas :
1. Cypermethrin/Cipermetrina
2. Abamectin
3. Bandits 35% SC (Imidacloprid 350 g/l)
4. Agricyro (Cyromazine) da Agrifocus (Chokwe)
5. Runner (methoxyfenozide)
![Page 30: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
5. Biological control
Search for local and/exotic natural enemies
There are several parasitoids of Tuta absoluta (egg
and larvae);
![Page 31: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Although invasions are old as life itself, there is no
doubt that biological invasions will continue to
increase in frequency as global trade increases
(Malacrida et al., 2007)
Are We Prepared to face the challenge posed
insect invasions?
![Page 32: Biological invasions by insects in Mozambique: The case of ... · Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) native from South America It was recently detected in African Continent](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081407/5f1b9d3910400f2f467afc61/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ministério de Agricultura e
Segurança Alimentar