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Biology 12 Name ________________________

Human Biology - Urinary System

Knowledge• structures of the urinary system and their inter-relationships• components of the nephron• urine production• kidneys and blood pH• homeostasis of water and sodium levels in the blood

C13 Analyse the functional inter-relationships of the structures of the urinary system

C13-1 identify and explain the functions of each of the following:– kidney– ureter– urethra– urinary bladder– renal cortex– renal medulla– renal pelvis– nephron

C13-2 identify and explain the functions of the following components of the nephron:– glomerulus– Bowman’s capsule– afferent and efferent arterioles– peritubular capillary network– proximal and distal convoluted tubules– collecting duct– loop of Henle

C13-3 describe the production of urine with reference to the following terms:– pressure filtration– selective reabsorption– reabsorption of water following an osmotic gradient– tubular excretion– metabolic waste (e.g., nitrogenous waste, urea, ammonia)

C13-4 describe how the kidneys maintain blood pHC13-5 compare urea and glucose content of blood in the renal artery with that of the renal

veinC13-6 identify the source glands for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone C13-7 describe how the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, ADH, and the nephron achieve

homeostasis of water levels in the bloodC13-8 describe how the adrenal cortex, aldosterone, and the nephron achieve homeostasis

of water and sodium levels in the blood

Biology 12: Urinary system

Vocabularyantidiuretic hormone (ADH), adrenal cortex, afferent and efferent arterioles, aldosterone, ammonia, Bowman’s capsule, collecting duct, glomerulus, glucose, homeostasis, hypothalamus, kidney, loop of Henle, metabolic waste, nephron, nitrogenous waste, osmotic gradient, peritubular capillary network, pH, posterior pituitary, pressure filtration, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, reabsorption of water, renal artery, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal vein, selective reabsorption, tubular excretion, urea, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, urine


Use the diagram to comment on the interrelationship of the excretory system with other body systems.


Human Excretion: Introduction Activity: Structure of the Human Excretory System (25.6) Concepts and connections website

1. On the following diagram of the urinary system, label: inferior vena cava, urinary bladder, ureter, dorsal aorta, kidney, urethra, renal artery, renal vein. P.510

2. List the organs of the urinary system in sequence according to the path taken by urine.

________________________________ → ________________________________ →

________________________________ → ________________________________

3. Identify the function(s) of each part of the urinary system: (O1)

a. Bladder: _____________________________________________________

b. Ureter: _____________________________________________________

c. Kidney ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

d. Urethra: _____________________________________________________

e. Renal artery _____________________________________________________

f. Renal vein _____________________________________________________


4. How is the male urethra different from the female urethra in humans? What is the reason

for this difference?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. What is excretion?

______________________________________________________________________________

6. Nitrogenous wastes:

When amino acids are broken down ________________________ is produced. In the

liver, this is converted into _____________ by reacting it with ____________________.

This product then enters the blood and is excreted by the ____________________.

What is creatine phosphate used for in our muscles?

____________________________________________________________

When our cells break down creatine phosphate, they produce the nitrogenous waste

called __________________________. This substance is excreted by our

________________________.

When nucleotides are broken down, our cells produce the nitrogenous waste called __________________________, which is excreted by our ________________________.


9. How is solute concentration in our blood (osmolarity) related to blood volume and blood pressure?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What happens to blood volume and pressure if we produce more urine? ________________________________________________________________________

10. What is a healthy pH for our blood? ______________________Why does our blood tend to be slightly acidic, rather than slightly basic? _____________________________________________________________________________________The kidneys can reduce blood acidity by excreting more _______________ ions, or by reabsorbing more _______________ ions back into the blood.

C13-1 identify and explain the functions of each of the following: – kidney – ureter– urethra– urinary bladder– renal cortex– renal medulla– renal pelvis– nephron BLAST Animation: Kidney Anatomy (25.6)

Give the function of each of the following structures:

a) renal cortex ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b) renal medulla _______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

c) renal pelvis _________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Label the parts of the kidney on the diagram below.


C13-2identify and explain the functions of the following components of the nephron: - glomerulus– Bowman’s capsule– afferent and efferent arterioles– peritubular capillary network– proximal and distal convoluted tubules– collecting duct– loop of Henle

BLAST Animation: How the Kidney Works (25.7)Acitivity 25B: Nephron Function

Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons arranged like this. Identify the parts of the nephron and the associated blood vessels and give functions for each part:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The nephrons, together with their associated blood supply, create the urine.

Activity: Control of Water Reabsorption (25.8) and read p.512 to 513

C13-3 describe the production of urine with reference to the following terms:– pressure filtration– selective reabsorption– reabsorption of water following an osmotic gradient– tubular excretion– metabolic waste (e.g., nitrogenous waste, urea, ammonia)


______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


Here is a summary of the steps in urine formation:


What causes water to leave the nephron and enter the blood in the loop of Henle and collecting duct?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


C13-4 describe how the kidneys maintain blood pH

How does the kidney maintain homeostasis with respect to pH?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

C13-5 compare urea and glucose content of blood in the renal artery with that of the renal vein______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


C13-6 identify the source glands for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone

ADH is produced by the ________________________________ and released into the blood by

the __________________________________________. P.523

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C13-7 describe how the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, ADH, and the nephron achieve homeostasis of water levels in the blood

Here is a diagram showing how ADH regulates blood osmolarity via negative feedback:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


C13-8 describe how the adrenal cortex, aldosterone, and the nephron achieve homeostasis of water and sodium levels in the blood

Here is a diagram that shows how aldosterone regulates blood volume and pressure using negative feedback:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The source gland for aldosterone is ________________________________________________.


Complete the concept map.


Fill in information to explain urine formation.


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